What is the biggest challenge for human beings to land on Mars?

As we all know, the earth is the only home for human beings. It has been millions of years since human beings were born on the earth. Through continuous evolution, human beings have gradually stepped into the intelligent age from the barbaric age. At the same time, human beings have become more and more intelligent in the process of evolution. We have learned to use tools, and now we have learned to make tools and mastered advanced technology.

However, these human progress cannot be separated from the dependence on resources. The earth's resources are very rich, but with the continuous exploitation and increasing demand of human beings, the resources of the earth are becoming scarcer and scarcer. In the future, with the rapid growth of population, the demand for earth resources will be even greater. By then, the earth's resources will be exhausted, the environment will continue to deteriorate, and it is likely that it will no longer be suitable for human survival.

World famous physicist Steven? Hawking once said in an interview with BigThink, a famous American intellectual video sharing website, on 20 10 that if human beings want to continue, they must emigrate to Mars or other planets, because the earth will die sooner or later.

In addition, the global warming problem of the earth is becoming more and more serious, and the environment of the earth is no longer optimistic, so scientists are exploring other planets in space to find a second home for mankind. Scientists have been paying attention to Mars for a long time. Because Mars is also a terrestrial planet in a livable zone, scientists believe that Mars is likely to be suitable for human survival.

However, scientists have found that Mars is actually a planet with a very bad environment. There is no stable liquid water on the surface of Mars. The surface of Mars is full of gravel and gravel, and the soil is barren. The environment of Mars is also relatively harsh, and sandstorms often occur. This is a veritable desert planet. How can such a planet be suitable for human survival?

With the unremitting exploration of scientists, finally in 20 15, NASA announced that there was flowing water on Mars. According to the images taken by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), scientists determined a huge alluvial delta, and the river where this delta is located finally poured into a huge ocean, covering almost 1/3 of the surface of Mars.

Then, in 20 18, AFP discovered the first liquid water lake on Mars, in 20 19, NASA said? Curious? The deposit rich in mineral salts was found on Mars Gaelic Crater by Rover 3, indicating that there was once a salt lake in the crater. These findings are telling human beings that Mars is very likely to be suitable for human survival. Elon, founder of American space exploration technology company? Musk also formulated a Mars immigration plan. According to the White House plan, Americans will land on Mars in 2030.

Landing on Mars has always been a human dream, but it is far more difficult than landing on the moon. There is a lot of carbon dioxide on Mars, and the greenhouse effect is extremely high, so it is difficult for human beings to adapt to such an environment. But these problems can be overcome by advanced technology, and oxygen can be obtained by releasing the atmosphere and planting plants. In fact, the biggest difficulty in landing on Mars lies not in the atmosphere or environment of Mars, but in space radiation. We often say that the cosmic environment is poor, so how bad is the cosmic environment?

In addition to the vacuum environment of the universe, there are many harmful substances in the universe, such as radiation, high-energy particles and gamma rays, which are fatal to human beings. Take the sun as an example, the sun is active frequently, and there will be sunspots, sunspots, spectral spots, flares, prominences and coronal transient events. These phenomena will release a large number of ultraviolet rays, X-rays, particle streams and strong radio waves, leading to aurora and magnetism on the earth.

However, it is difficult for astronauts to get the protection of the earth in space. It is not enough to rely solely on spacesuits. Moreover, the atmosphere of Mars is so thin that it is difficult to resist radiation from space. When the sun releases high-energy particles, it is undoubtedly a fatal blow to astronauts. So how should astronauts protect themselves when they go to Mars? The first is to improve the anti-radiation ability of the spacecraft, but this method is costly. Later, it was proposed that astronauts take boron nitride nanotubes in space, which can help astronauts to prevent radiation well.

However, some scientists have put forward another conjecture, that is, building a force field similar to the earth's magnetic field in the spacecraft can prevent space radiation well. But these are scientists' guesses. Perhaps in the future, humans can successfully solve these problems and land on Mars. So what do you think of emigrating to Mars? Welcome everyone to leave a message in the comments section.