How many unequal treaties are there in China?

Li Hongzhang alone signed more than 30 unequal treaties, mainly the following:

(1) treaty of nanking (1August 842)-Indemnity, opening five trade ports, cutting Hong Kong Island and negotiating tariffs.

(2) The annex to treaty of nanking (1843) includes the Charter of Five Ports Trade and the Humen Treaty-consular jurisdiction, unilateral MFN treatment, and the privilege of leasing land, houses and permanent residency at trading ports.

(3) Sino-US Wang Xia Treaty (1844)-US warships can "inspect trade" at China trading port at will; The United States has the right to "open hospitals and build churches" at treaty ports. (Including the main provisions of treaty of nanking)

(6) The Huangpu Treaty between China and France-allows French Catholics to preach freely at trading ports.

(7) Tianjin Treaty-Merchant ships and foreign warships with foreign ministers stationed in Beijing and 10 trading ports can sail freely in the ports of the Yangtze River, and foreigners can move in the mainland and pay remuneration.

(8) Beijing Treaty-Tianjin was opened, Kowloon was divided, and Chinese workers were allowed to go abroad and pay reparations.

(9) Sino-Russian Ji Hui Treaty, Beijing Treaty, Sino-Russian Northwest Border Reconnaissance and Ili Treaty-land division (omitted).

(10) Sino-French New Testament-The Qing government recognized French colonial rule over Vietnam and opened commercial ports on the Sino-Vietnamese border. China will build railways in Guangxi and Yunnan in the future, while France will withdraw its troops from Keelung and Penghu.

(1 1) treaty of shimonoseki, China and Japan cut Liaodong Peninsula (triple intervention), Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands gave Japan compensation of 220 million taels of silver, opened Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as trading ports, and allowed Japan to set up factories at trading ports. The circulation of products in the mainland was exempted from domestic tax.

(12) The Treaty of Xin Chou-compensation of 450 million taels of silver; Designate Dongjiaomin Lane as "embassy boundary"; Dismantle the fortress from Beijing to Dagu and allow countries to send troops to important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan; Punish officials who participated in the anti-imperialist movement in the Boxer Rebellion, forever prohibit China people from organizing or participating in anti-imperialist organizations, and dismiss officials who failed to suppress the anti-imperialist movement; Change the Prime Minister's yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking first among the six departments; Modify the contract.

(13) Article 21-Admit that Japan has taken over all the power enjoyed by Germany in Shandong and expanded it. It is required to extend Japan's lease period of Lushun, Dalian, Nanman Railway and Anfeng Railway for 99 years and recognize Japan's special rights in the south of the three northeastern provinces and eastern Inner Mongolia. It is stipulated that Hanyeping Company be changed into a Sino-Japanese joint venture. It is stipulated that the coastal ports and islands of China shall not be leased or ceded to other countries. China government hired Japanese as political, military and financial advisers; China Garrison Arsenal is a joint venture between China and Japan.

(14) Russia-Mongolia agreement-Russia signed with the authorities of outer Mongolia, stipulating that Russia should foster the "autonomy" of outer Mongolia and enjoy extensive privileges at the same time.

(15) Sino-Russian Statement-Yuan Shikai signed with Russia, stipulating that the Russian government shall not establish government, garrison or emigrate in outer Mongolia.