The impact of economic globalization on China’s foreign policy and strategy

1. The impact of economic globalization on China’s foreign policy and strategy

Economic globalization is the profound background and fundamental trend of the development and change of the world today. Correctly understanding and properly responding to globalization will not only help my country promote scientific development, harmonious development and peaceful development, but also help promote the transformation of the international system, the construction of a harmonious world and the progress of human civilization. 1

At present, economic globalization has gone far beyond the economic field and is having an increasingly extensive impact on international politics, security, society, culture and other fields. The main positive effects of globalization are:

(1) Promoting innovation in development models. Globalization promotes the global optimal allocation of factors of production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, reducing costs and improving efficiency. Multinational companies have developed to the stage of global companies with R&D, production and sales chains around the world. Experience shows that an increase in a country’s economic openness is directly proportional to its per capita GDP growth. No matter how a country's development model adjusts and changes, it is impossible to explore an advanced development model without taking global factors into consideration and taking advantage of globalization opportunities.

(2) Promote the integration of international interests. The integration of interests is manifested in both the economic field and other fields; it is manifested in both bilateral and multilateral fields. Economic interdependence among countries is gradually deepening, and a situation of mutual prosperity and mutual loss has begun to take shape. The global economic chain is getting tighter and tighter, and a country's economic development is increasingly dependent on global economic development. In addition to national interests, there are also significant increases in regional and global interests. The integration of interests is conducive to the improvement of state relations, with increased coordination and cooperation between states, and the continuous emergence of different "volunteer alliances" formed out of different interests. Seeking hegemony, engaging in confrontation, adhering to group politics and Cold War mentality are increasingly unpopular.

(3) Promote the expansion of safety connotations. Security has expanded from traditional security fields to non-traditional security fields. Non-traditional security issues such as terrorism, economic security, environmental degradation, climate warming, the spread of epidemics, waves of immigrants and transnational crimes threaten to increase, affecting a wide range of areas such as the economy, people's livelihood, society and nature. Non-traditional security is mainly caused by unscientific human development and the incoordination between development, society and nature. Its essence is a development problem. Non-traditional security issues blur the boundaries between security and development, increase the urgency of international security cooperation, challenge the dominance of traditional security, and ease military confrontation between countries. For example, terrorism and climate change cannot be solved by any single country. The United States has to rely on the international community in many ways to fight against terrorism. Another example is that the United States and Russia have sharp conflicts on missile defense issues, but overall cooperation in non-traditional security fields is smooth.

(4) Promote the transfer of national sovereignty. Globalization has promoted the development of international organizations. From 1990 to 1998 alone, the number of international organizations increased from 26,656 to 48,350, including more than 250 intergovernmental international organizations. Intergovernmental international organizations have become the makers and supervisors of global rules, managers of global issues and resolvers of global disputes. In its "Understanding on Rules and Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes," the WTO comprehensively stipulates the WTO's political methods, legal methods, ruling enforcement and supervision, and relief measures for resolving trade disputes, and has established a dedicated Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Indeed, the state is still the main actor in the international community, and national sovereignty is still the supreme right of the state. However, in the context of globalization, it is an indisputable fact that national sovereignty is increasingly transferred to intergovernmental international organizations. For example, political, diplomatic and military rights are transferred to the United Nations and regional organizations, economic rights are transferred to the WTO, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and global companies, and social rights are transferred to a variety of other non-governmental international organizations. Globalization also promotes a country's domestic rules to be coordinated and consistent with international rules as much as possible.

(5) Promote the transformation of the international system. The main characteristics of the current international system are: it is dominated by the West, especially the United States, countries are equal in name but unequal in fact, the role of international organizations is limited, and hegemonism and "problem countries" cannot be effectively restrained. The current international system is increasingly unable to cope with the increasing number of global problems, and its adjustment, improvement and transformation are inevitable trends. A new international system is likely to be basically formed in the next few decades, with its main features: first, a multipolar world structure.

Due to the revitalization of emerging powers and developing countries, the balance of international power is changing in favor of more powerful countries and against "one super", in favor of developing countries and against developed countries. "One super" and multiple powers, South and North It is hoped that the two imbalances in power balance will eventually be resolved. According to predictions by international authoritative organizations, the world's top 20 economic powers will be reshuffled in 2020. China will leap to second place in the world, Russia, India, and Brazil will leap into the top 10, and some major developing countries will leap to the top. Ranked in the top 20. The interest integration and interdependence among the new poles such as the United States, China, Europe, Japan, Russia, India, and Brazil have increased, and the risk of sharp confrontation and all-out war with each other has decreased. Second, Western and non-Western countries are both dominant. In the future, with the gradual loss of the United States' "superpower" status and the power advantage of the West, the West's dominant position will be difficult to maintain. Multipolarity, the West and the non-West will jointly dominate the new international system, and the democratization of international relations will develop. . Third, the role of international organizations has been enhanced. International organizations and international rules will be further enriched, improved and strengthened, and the constraints on major countries and "problem countries" will be strengthened. Fourth, international governance is diversified. The increase in global issues will promote the diversification of international governance models, such as the combination and complementation of national governance and global governance, the governance of big countries and the governance of small and medium-sized countries, the governance of global international organizations and the governance of regional international organizations. Fifth, peace is gradual. In the past, changes in the international system were achieved through war. This time, the transformation of the international system may be gradually completed through struggles, negotiations, and compromises among major powers and between northern and southern countries, while maintaining overall peace, and through gradual improvements.

(6) Promote the progress of human civilization. It is possible for mankind to form new common values ??and a new human civilization on the basis of globalization, global issues, global interests and global governance, break the West's dominant position in human civilization, and realize the influence of Western civilization. Overall beyond.

II

While we see the positive effects of globalization, we cannot ignore its gradually accumulating negative effects.

(1) Economic crisis. As the global economic chain becomes increasingly tight, the possibility that energy prices will rise sharply, the financial order is seriously out of control, and the obvious economic recession of major countries will trigger a global economic recession or even a crisis is increasing. Once this happens, its transmission speed and depth of impact may far exceed previous world economic crises. In addition, if issues such as climate change and environmental degradation are not effectively addressed for a long time, they will eventually threaten the sustainable development of the global and national economies.

(2) Social unrest. Globalization has led to the widening gap between rich and poor countries and within countries, and social conflicts within developed and developing countries are likely to intensify. For example, in developed countries such as the United States, Britain, and France, a large number of traditional industries have relocated overseas, unemployment problems have become prominent, and social unrest has increased. Globalization has also strengthened the connections and interactions between domestic factors and international factors in each country. The chances of international issues triggering domestic turmoil and domestic issues triggering international turmoil are increasing.

(3) Confrontation between great powers. Some countries have deviated from the evolutionary direction of globalization and the pace of human history. They have not given up pursuing hegemonism, strategic expansion, arms race, or containing other emerging powers. In particular, it will maintain its strategic advantage for one or two decades. Once it gets rid of the current strategic dilemma, it is still possible to provoke confrontation between major powers again, which will seriously harm the transformation of the international system and the cause of peace and progress of mankind.

(4) Regional turmoil. Countries marginalized in globalization, hegemonism, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, etc. may use regional hotspots to increase in the first 20 years of the 21st century instead of gradually decreasing as globalization deepens, making regional hotspots more influential in influencing the global security situation. This has caused the international situation to continue to intensify local turbulence despite overall peace.

Three

In the wave of globalization, we must enhance our awareness of opportunities, innovation and global strategy.

Improving the country’s outlook on development, interests, security, sovereignty and international order. Comprehensively implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, do a good job in five coordinations, and promote the positive interaction between my country's economic and social development and globalization. Abandon the absolutely exclusive view of national interests, stay away from the hegemonic view of national interests that safeguards self-interest, incorporate more global interests and regional interests into the national interest horizon, and develop and extend the country in promoting mutual benefit and win-win with the outside world. Benefit.

Innovate the concept of national security, promote the coordination between national defense construction, national economic construction, and national peaceful development, promote the coordination between maintaining traditional security and maintaining non-traditional security, promote the coordination between maintaining national security and maintaining international security, and promote the coordination between military means and other means. coordinate, strive to get rid of the fetters of the "security dilemma", promote the unity of security and development, and strive to safeguard the country's comprehensive security. Properly respond to the trend of national sovereignty transfer, decide whether the transfer of national sovereignty is conducive to the development of national interests, and determine the stance on international intervention based on whether it is conducive to the country's national security and world peace and stability. Enrich the view of international order and promote the construction of a harmonious world while appropriately participating in global governance.

Enhance the ability to coordinate both domestic and international situations. In the context of globalization, the interaction between domestic and international situations has increased. We must be good at using the opportunities of globalization to promote domestic development, good at using the pressure of globalization to promote domestic institutional innovation, good at avoiding the risks of globalization to maintain our own security, and good at preventing domestic problems from impacting regional and global security. and development.

2. The impact of economic globalization on China’s foreign policy and strategy

Economic globalization not only promotes the development of the world economy, but also brings differences to various countries, especially developing countries. degree of economic volatility and political instability. In recent years, the financial crisis and political turmoil in Mexico, Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries are strong evidence. The painful price and profound lessons learned should serve as a lesson. Economic globalization has opened the door to China. While it has brought golden development opportunities, it has also threatened and affected my country's social and political stability. We must face up to the challenges and explore the laws and countermeasures for China's social and political stability and development under the conditions of economic globalization.

1. The impact of economic globalization on the social and political stability of contemporary China

Economic globalization in today’s world is an inevitable product of the rapid development of human social productivity and world exchanges. As an objective The course of natural history continues to exhibit characteristics that increasingly “transcend the nation-state”. But in practice, capitalism dominates economic globalization and attempts to transform the entire world in its own image, turning it completely toward "global capitalism." This dual nature determines that economic globalization has a dual impact on the development of world history, both promoting and hindering it. Its impact on socialist China is essentially the challenge of capitalism to socialism. Generally speaking, the pattern is that opportunities and challenges coexist, and opportunities outweigh challenges. However, under certain conditions, challenges may outweigh opportunities. This is not only reflected in its challenge to the development of my country's socialist economy and society, but also more concentratedly in its challenge to the stability and development of my country's socialist democratic politics.

First of all, economic globalization has posed huge challenges to my country's social productivity and economic development, directly affecting the economic and social foundations of my country's social and political stability. Secondly, the world economic globalization led by capitalism has posed a fundamental threat to our country's socialist political system and the people's democratic regime led by the Communist Party of China.

Third, economic globalization poses challenges to our country’s national sovereignty, national interests and national security.

Fourth, economic globalization has posed new challenges to my country's new round of political system reform, making the political reform process face greater difficulties, contradictions and risks, and giving birth to new political instability factors.

Fifth, the conflicts between cultures and ideas of various countries brought about by economic globalization have also exacerbated my country’s political instability to a certain extent.

In short, economic globalization has brought China and The world is connected as a whole. Due to the "butterfly effect", any slight fluctuation in the international community may bring about economic fluctuations and political instability in Chinese society. This is an objective fact that must be faced squarely.

2. The ways and characteristics of economic globalization affecting my country’s social and political stability

The impact of economic globalization on my country’s social and political stability is an all-round impact, affecting the economy, They have different expressions and characteristics in various fields of politics, culture and social life.

From an economic perspective, economic globalization directly, comprehensively and profoundly affects my country's economic and political stability mainly through the market economic mechanism. The basis of economic globalization is the globalization of the world market. The world market spontaneously regulates the economic development of various countries and world economic relations in accordance with the principle of free competition.

The capitalist-led world economic globalization is directly guiding the basic contradictions of capitalist society and its international economic and political risks, contradictions and crises into Chinese society through the link between the world market and the Chinese market, affecting our country's socialist modernization. stable development. There are two manifestations of it. First, it directly affects the stable economic development of our country, mainly the balance of the total economic volume and the stability of the economic structure. The second is to affect political stability and development by affecting my country's economic development. It is worth pointing out that these factors of economic globalization exist at the same time, are interconnected, interact, and transform into each other, forming a comprehensive influence that runs through the process of my country's economic and political development. Therefore, the market mechanism is the most basic way to influence my country's economic development and social and political stability.

From a political perspective, economic globalization mainly achieves political stability and development in various countries through government macro-control and dialogue and consultation mechanisms. In the process of economic globalization, various multinational companies and enterprises compete for power and profit on a global scale based on the principle of free competition and global interests, leading to the serious proliferation of international anarchy, but are not responsible for the political stability of various societies. . Therefore, the responsibility of maintaining the world economic order and the social and political stability of various countries still needs to be borne by governments of all countries. Through macro-control, consultation and dialogue, and international cooperation, the market can play a basic role in allocating global resources. However, Western developed capitalist countries, under the banner of liberalization, democratization, and privatization, advocate and adopt government-controlled economic liberalization policies through the "free democratic market model" to dissolve the Chinese government-controlled economic mechanism and restrict our country's economy. The process of government management behavior directly affects my country's policy stability and political stability. In addition, by manipulating international economic organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, Western countries emphasize that everything should be done in accordance with so-called international practices and international laws, and even pursue unilateralism and put their own laws above the norms of international relations. In an attempt to force China to submit. This "legal" means of improper interference in my country's economic and political affairs has a greater and deeper hidden impact on my country's political stability. It can be seen that government macro-control, consultation and dialogue, and international cooperation are the keys to maintaining political stability under globalization.

From a cultural perspective, economic globalization directly and indirectly affects the political and ideological stability and the stability of the people in our country mainly through the international mass cultural media and its penetration and integration mechanism. Economic globalization is not only the globalization of material civilization, but also the globalization of spiritual civilization. Economic globalization led by capitalism has not only brought us Western material civilization, but also Western spiritual civilization, and has also had a huge impact on the stable state of our country's public social and political psychology. Today is an information age, but the world's main mass communication tools are dominated by Western developed countries. A few global media companies monopolize the right to publish and control global information. This actually puts our country's public in a state of information inequality. and information asymmetry. Developed countries use this to promote cultural hegemony, promote "Western values", demonize China and other activities, which have an invisible infiltration influence and strong public opinion pressure on the ideological unity and psychological stability of the Chinese public.

From a social perspective, the universalization of world exchanges and the integration of lifestyles brought about by economic globalization are also one of the ways that affect social and political instability in our country. Since the reform and opening up, our people have formed increasingly close economic and social ties with people from all over the world through various forms of world interaction. Both in terms of breadth and depth, they have generally expanded. The public lifestyle of our country has It also shows a trend of continuous internationalization and globalization. Due to the certain economic and cultural gap between China and other countries, people have developed various inadaptations in the process of integrating into the globalized social life, resulting in various contradictions and unstable factors, which may lead to Produce and intensify social and political instability in our country.

At present, the impact of economic globalization on the stable development of our country's society shows the following characteristics. First, the direction of influence is two-way interaction at home and abroad. Second, in terms of the content of the influence, it is an integrated development trend in which economy, politics and culture interpenetrate, transform each other and comprehensively expand. Third, the mechanism of influence is the interconnection, interaction and mutual transformation between structure and function. Fourth, in terms of the pattern of influence, both favorable and unfavorable factors coexist to a large extent. Fifth, the trend of influence is that political stability and political instability develop alternately.

It is an inevitable choice for us to promote reform and expand opening up with a new attitude and ensure sustained and stable development in response to various unstable challenges brought about by economic globalization. This is an "impact-response" interactive relationship, and its movement trajectory and results are generally a process of "instability-stability-instability", continuous cyclic development, and even infinity.

3. Countermeasures to maintain China’s social and political stability under the conditions of economic globalization

Faced with the challenges of globalization, we propose how to achieve and maintain China’s social and political stability and political development. Choose from the following strategies.

First, we must constantly emancipate our minds and update our concepts. This is a prerequisite for us to actively respond to economic globalization and maintain China's social and political stability. At present, we must re-understand my country's socialist political stability and its significance from the perspective and height of economic globalization.

The second is to continuously adapt to changes in the development of the situation and make timely policy adjustments for social and political stability. This is the key for us to cope with economic globalization and maintain China's stable social and political development.

The third is to face the challenges of economic globalization, unswervingly follow the path of institutional innovation, and comprehensively establish and improve the new socialist system, which is the foundation for maintaining the stable development of China's social and political society. First of all, to adhere to the new path of institutional innovation and comprehensive development, we must uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, political and cultural system, and truly realize and give full play to the advanced nature and superiority of the socialist system. This is the key to our realization of socialist politics. The fundamental guarantee for stable development. Secondly, we must use the "Three Represents" as a guide to accelerate the pace of a new round of institutional reform. We must promptly seize the favorable opportunities of current world development and strive to gradually establish a socialist market economic system and its corresponding new political, legal and cultural system around 2010. We must base ourselves on the world, use the establishment of a socialist market economic system as a link, and continuously promote the high development of socialist productive forces. This is the fundamental driving force for the stable development of socialist politics. Continuously carrying forward socialist democracy, improving the socialist legal system, developing and improving a socialist democratic legal country and its political civilization are the fundamental guarantees for the stable development of socialist politics. Establishing and improving a national, popular, and scientific new socialist cultural system that is oriented to the world, the future, and modernization is a huge spiritual power and ideological guarantee for the stable development of socialist politics. Thirdly, we must adhere to the independent diplomatic line of peace and democracy, oppose hegemonism, safeguard world peace, and create a peaceful and stable international environment for the stable development of socialism in our country. Actively and comprehensively participate in the establishment of a new world economic and political order, promote the innovative development of the international economic and political system, create a new pattern of equality, diversity and win-win development for people of all countries in the world, and promote the harmony and progress of human civilization. This is the realization of social the fundamental direction of socialist political stability and development.