Obviously, the nearest planet to the earth is Venus. Why is the whole world scrambling to explore Mars?

Before 2006, there were nine planets in the solar system, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. However, in 2006, Pluto was deleted from the list of planets because it was classified as a dwarf planet. Since then, there have been only eight planets in the solar system.

There are three planets in the livable zone, namely Venus, Earth and Mars, from which we can see that Venus and Mars are neighbors of the Earth, and the average distance from Venus to the Earth is even closer than that of Mars. But why do humans explore Mars more often than Venus?

Venus and the earth are similar in structure, so these two planets have? Sister star? Because Venus is the brightest planet in the whole day, it is called Aphrodite in ancient Greek mythology, and the Romans call it Venus.

Venus, like its name, looks like a golden planet from the outside, because its surface is formed by solidified basalt lava. Venus has a radius of about 6,073 kilometers, which is 300 kilometers smaller than radius of the earth. Its volume is 0.88 times that of the earth and its mass is 4/5 of that of the earth. Therefore, for us human beings, the successful exploration of Venus will be of great significance in astronomy.

Venus is closer to the earth. Why is the whole world scrambling to explore Mars? According to the historical data of Venus exploration, the world has launched nearly 30 probes to Venus since the last century, including skimmers and soft landing probes. Of these probes, 22 were successful and 1 1 failed.

The United States launched 1962? Mariner two? Venus probe, and the data show that Venus is actually a planet without magnetic field, but in fact we first detected the probe that launched Venus in 196 1? Venus one? The probe, but the probe lost contact on the way to Venus.

To 1965? Venus III? The probe landed hard on Venus, which is the first space probe launched by human beings to reach the ground of another extraterrestrial planet. 1970? Venus 7? A soft landing was successfully achieved on Venus, and the surface temperature of Venus was measured to be between 455℃ and 475℃, while the Soviet Union launched it in 1972? Cosmos 482? Venus probe, unfortunately, the probe failed to reach Venus.

1975 again. Venus 9? The probe entered Venus orbit and became the first artificial Venus satellite in human history, which can be said to be a milestone in our exploration of Venus. Five days later? Venus 10? It also entered the orbit of Venus. These two detectors measured the thickness and height of clouds and the composition of the atmosphere in Venus. At the same time, they also measured that its surface pressure is 90 times that of the earth. It can be seen that the surface of Venus is hell for us humans.

Don't look at the harsh environment on Venus. Does Venus have anything to do with the Earth? Sister star? It is said that its internal environment is really different. Venus is a planet without a magnetic field. As we all know, if a planet has no magnetic field, it is difficult to have an atmosphere. Surprisingly, Venus has a thick atmosphere on its surface.

Generally speaking, when we detect a planet, we can clearly see the general appearance of the planet without the obstruction of a thick atmosphere, while the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, so we can clearly understand the structure of Mars. However, due to the thick atmosphere of Venus, the probe we launched could not break through this thick atmosphere and see the surface of Venus at all.

What's more, the main components of Venus' atmosphere are carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and its carbon dioxide content is also increasing year by year, reaching as high as 98% at the highest. In addition, the continuous exposure of the sun causes the highest temperature on the surface of Venus to reach above 500 degrees Celsius.

In such hot weather, Venus is also called the planet of purgatory, and its surface temperature is as high as 460 degrees Celsius. At such a high temperature, the probe can't land at all. Scientists have tried many times to land the probe on the surface of Venus, but the success rate is very low. Even if the probe can barely land, the high temperature won't last long.

Because Venus's atmosphere is 90% carbon dioxide, there is also a layer of acid rain in its atmosphere, so acid rain often falls to the surface. It can be said that the harsh environment on Venus makes us want to stop.

Although Venus is closer to the Earth than Mars, it is precisely because of its extremely harsh internal environment that we chose Mars. However, Mars can enter our exploration field of vision, and it is not without advantages. It must have special advantages.

In the west, Mars is considered as the embodiment of the God of War in Mars mythology, while in China, it is called Mars because of its uncertain whereabouts? Confused? It is also recorded in our ancient books? Mars stays in antares, and it is God's duty to stay away from chaos. And so on, so Mars always gives people a mysterious and dangerous feeling.

From the fact that some countries have plans to land on Mars, we can see that Mars is a? Internet celebrities? Planet, from the outside, is a reddish-brown planet. This is mainly because there is more iron in the rocks of Mars. When the rocks form dust under weathering, the iron will be oxidized into iron oxide. Mars is about 6794 kilometers in diameter, about half of the earth, and its volume is 1.438+0.8? 10 1 1 cubic kilometer, which is less than 1/6 of the earth, and Mars is actually very special to us because it has many similar characteristics to the earth.

1. The rotation period of Mars itself is believed to be known to all. The earth we live in rotates once with a period of 24 hours, and the rotation period of Mars is just the same as that of our earth;

Mars, like the earth, has an inclination. Mars, like our earth, has a certain tilt angle. Anyone who has studied geography should know that this inclination angle can make our earth well illuminated by sunlight, resulting in four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter, while Venus and the moon do not have such conditions;

3. Like Mars, the earth is a rocky ground; 4. Mars has the same atmosphere as the Earth; 5. Like the earth, there are craters formed by volcanoes; Like the earth, we have satellites.

The earth has a satellite moon, while Mars has two satellites Phobos and Phobos.

7. There are storms like Earth (but bigger on Mars). It is precisely because Mars has many conditions in common with the Earth that we scientists have aroused the desire to explore Mars.

Since Mars has so many conditions similar to Earth, is it suitable for human habitation? According to the current detection results of Mars, the conditions of Mars are not suitable for human habitation at all. Although Mars is similar to Earth in many places, the conditions on Mars are still not suitable for human habitation.

First of all, the atmosphere on Mars is thin, only 1% of the earth's, so a lot of ultraviolet rays can irradiate the surface of Mars, which is not suitable for human habitation; Secondly, because the atmosphere of Mars is very thin and cannot store heat, the surface temperature of Mars is extremely low, generally below zero, and the lowest temperature at night can reach-123 ℉;

Then Mars is mainly composed of 95.3% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, 0. 15% oxygen and 0.03% water vapor, and there is almost no oxygen on Mars, which is not suitable for human habitation. There is also water, which is a necessary condition for life. On Mars, although there are residual water ice in some places, it is difficult to find it. Finally, there is no environment and resources like those on Earth on Mars.