Who are the famous people in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, such as Tan Qian?

Chen Zilong (168-1647) was an official, poet, poet, essayist, parallel prose writer and editor in the late Ming Dynasty. Chen Zilong was born in Huating, Songjiang, Nanzhili (now Songjiang District, Shanghai) on the first day of June in the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (AD 168). His first name was Jie, and later he was renamed Zilong. Among the first-time characters, the later one was changed to lie on the child, and the word was in the middle; Late number Dazun, Hai Shi, Yi Fu, Yu Ling Meng Gong, etc. Chongzhen was a scholar for ten years, and once served as an official in Shaoxing. He was given a post by the Military Science Department on merit, and he died in the Ming Dynasty, and then served as the Military Science Department of the Hong Guang Imperial Court in Nanming. Qing soldiers were trapped in Nanjing. He contacted people's armed groups in Taihu Lake to carry out anti-Qing activities. After the defeat, he was arrested and drowned in the water on May 13th, the first year of yongli (AD 1647). Chen Zilong was not only a famous martyr and hero in the late Ming Dynasty, but also an important writer with many outstanding achievements. His poetry has a high achievement, and his poetic style is tragic and desolate, full of national integrity; Or Wei Li is gorgeous, catching up with Qi Liang in the early Tang Dynasty; Or combine the two styles into one, forming a magnificent and unique style. He is the chief of Yunjian Poetry School and is recognized as the last great poet in Ming Dynasty, which has a great influence on poetry and poetics in Qing Dynasty. Among Chen Zilong's poems of various styles, the most outstanding achievements are seven-character rhythmic poems and seven-character ancient poems. Chen Zilong, a famous poet of graceful and restrained ci, is the leader of Yunjian Ci School. He is praised as the "First Poet of Ming Dynasty" by many famous critics of later generations, and the pioneer of the revival of Qing Ci. Famous critics such as Tan Xian and Long Yusheng all spoke highly of his ci. Chen Zilong's parallel prose also has excellent works, and Ming Shi called it "the parallel prose is particularly exquisite". Chen Zilong's presentation and strategy have a profound foundation and great achievements. Chen Zilong's essays are sui generis, and his works such as "Three Ci" are really touching and entrust his lingering loyalty. Chen Zilong was also a famous editor in the late Ming Dynasty. He edited the magnum opus "A Compilation of the Imperial Classics", edited and revised Xu Guangqi's "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" and finalized it. These two magnum opus are of great historical value.

Qian Qianyi (1582-1664), whose name was Muzhai and whose name was Mengcuo in the evening, was an old man in Dongjian. Scholars call Mr. Yu Shan. One of the champions of poetry in the early Qing Dynasty. Luyuan Xipu, Changshu County, Suzhou Prefecture (now Luyuan Xipu, Tangqiao Town, Zhangjiagang City). Ming history said that he was "the moment of the Northern Song Dynasty" when he was enlightened and shot. In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (161), there were three scholars in one armor. Qian Qianyi, one of the leaders of Donglin Party, was an official assistant minister in the Ministry of Rites. He was dismissed because of his failure to fight for power with Wen Tiren. After the Ming Dynasty's death, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng established Fu Wang in Nanking, and established the regime of Nanming Hong Guang, with Qian Qianyi attached to it, as the minister of rites. After the Qing dynasty, he became an assistant minister of does.

Feng Menglong (1574-1646) was a writer, thinker and dramatist in Ming Dynasty. The word is still dragon, and the word is still child. The name is still dragon, the owner of Mohanzhai, Gu Qu San Ren, Wu Xia Ci slave, Gu Su Ci slave, and the history of the former Zhou Zhu. Han nationality, a native of Changzhou County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family. Brother dreams of laurel, is good at painting and writing. Brother Meng Xiong, a great student, once taught Chunqiu from Feng Menglong, and there are poems handed down from generation to generation. The three brothers are also called "Wu Xia San Feng". His works emphasize feelings and behaviors. The most famous works are Yu Shiming Yan (also known as Ancient and Modern Novels), Jing Shi Tong Yan and Xing Shi Heng Yan, which are collectively called "Sanyan". Sanyan, together with Ling Mengchu's Surprise at the First Moment and Surprise at the Second Moment in Ming Dynasty, is a classic representative of China's vernacular short stories. Feng Menglong has made unique contributions to Chinese literature by creating, collecting, sorting out and editing novels, operas, folk songs, jokes and other popular literature.

Xia Wanchun (1631-1647), whose birth name was Duan Ge, alias Fu, whose word is ancient, whose name is Xiao Yin and whose name is Ling Shou. China was a poet in the late Ming Dynasty and a native of Huating, Songjiang. As the son of Xia Yunyi, he studied under Chen Zilong. Wan Chun was smart since childhood and had a reputation as a child prodigy. "At the age of five, he knew the Five Classics, and at the age of seven, he was able to write poetry." At the age of 14, he resisted Qing with his father. After his father's martyrdom, he and Chen Zilong continued to resist the Qing Dynasty, were defeated and captured, and died unyielding at the age of seventeen. Hong Chengchou, a pastime before being martyred, is famous in the world. There is "Mother's Book in Prison".

Xia Yunyi (1596-1645) was born in Huating, Songjiang (now Songjiang, Shanghai) and the father of Xia Wanchun. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), Juren, in the early years of Chongzhen, formed a "few clubs" with Chen Zilong, Xu Fuyuan and others in the same county. In the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), he was a scholar and served as the magistrate of Changle County, Fujian Province. He was able to sympathize with people's feelings and get rid of bad customs. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Fu Wang, the Ming Dynasty, was appointed as the director of the Examination Division of the Official Department. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army attacked the south of the Yangtze River, where Xia Yunyi and Chen Zilong fought against the Qing Dynasty. After the defeat, they drowned in the water on September 17 of the same year, at the age of 5, and they were called "Loyalty Festival".

Zhang Huangyan (162-1664), whose name is Xuan Zhu and whose name is Cang Shui, was born in Yinxian County (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province), Han nationality, a Confucian general in Nanming, a poet and a famous anti-Qing hero. When Chongzhen was a juren, the official went to the Minister of War of Nanming. After the fall of Nanking in 1645 (the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty and Hong Guang in Ming Dynasty), Qian Sule and others fought against the Qing Dynasty. After serving King Lu, he contacted thirteen peasant armies, and cooperated with Zheng Chenggong, leading troops to connect more than twenty cities in Anhui, and persisted in the struggle against Qing Dynasty for nearly twenty years. In 1664 (the third year of Kangxi), with the death of Emperor Yongli, King Lu of the State of Supervision, Zheng Chenggong and others, Zhang Huangyan saw that the general trend was gone, and the rebel army was dissolved on the hanging island in Nantian, and he could not live in seclusion. He was captured in, then killed, and before he died, he wrote a poem "Desperate Poetry".

Qu Shizhen (159-165), whose name was Jiaxuan and Yunye and Boluo, was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, a poet, official and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty.

Zheng Chenggong (1624.8.26-1662.6.23), whose real name is Sen, also known as Fu Song, whose name is Mingyan and Damu. Nan 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, Han nationality, strategist in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, anti-Qing general, national hero. His father is Zheng Zhilong, and his mother's name is Tian Chuanshi. Hongshuangguang Guo-jian-sheng was given the name of Zhu by Emperor Qianlong of the Ming Dynasty, which succeeded in giving him the title of loyalty and filial piety. He was called Zheng Ci, Zheng Guo and Guo Ye in the world, and was named Zheng Yanping by Emperor Yongli of Mongolia. In 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi, the first year of Hong Guang), the Qing army invaded the south of the Yangtze River, and soon Zheng Zhilong fell to the Qing Dynasty and Tian Chuanshi committed suicide in the disorderly army; Zheng Chenggong led his father's headquarters to fight against the Qing Dynasty in the southeast coast of China, and became one of the main military forces in the late Ming Dynasty. At one time, he raided and surrounded jiangning house (formerly Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty) by sea, but was finally repelled by the Qing army, so he could only rely on the advantages of naval warfare to stick to the islands of Xiamen and Jinmen in Quanzhou. In 1661 (18th year of Qing Shunzhi, 15th year of Yong Li), he led an army to cross the Taiwan Province Strait. The following year, he defeated the garrison of the Dutch East India Company in Taiwan Province (now in Tainan City, Taiwan Province), recovered Taiwan Province, and started Zheng's rule in Taiwan Province.

Yan Yingyuan (? -1645) Li Heng, Han nationality, from Tongzhou, Zhili (Hebei) (now Tongzhou, Beijing), was a famous anti-Qing fighter in the late Ming Dynasty. During his tenure as Jiangyin Canon of History, he led 6, righteous people, faced with 24, Qing fighters and more than 2 heavy guns, and was trapped in an isolated city for 81 days, causing the Qing army to lose three kings and eighteen generals in a row, killing 75, people. On the day when the city was broken, none of the righteous people surrendered, and only 53 people, old and young, survived. After being captured, Yan Yingyuan resolutely refused to kneel down to Baylor of the Qing court, was stabbed in the tibia, and "blood was boiling and servant", but he never bent his knees and died heroically. It can be described as the first folk hero in the late Ming Dynasty!

Li Dingguo (1621-1662), whose name was Ningyu (or Yunzi, whose first name was Rujing), was a famous anti-Qing commander of the Yongli regime in Nanming, and a native of Yulin (or Yan 'an) in Shaanxi. Li Dingguo was born in a poor peasant family. In 163 (the third year of Chongzhen), Zhang Xianzhong launched an uprising of the hungry people in northern Shaanxi, and adopted the young Li Dingguo as his adopted son, changing his surname to Zhang (or Yun was plundered by Zhang Xianzhong when he was ten years old and adopted him as his own son). From then on, he followed Zhang Xianzhong to the north and south. As an adult, Li Dingguo was brave and good at fighting, and was loved by Zhang Xianzhong. After Zhang Xianzhong's death, he surrendered to the Nanming regime. At the beginning of 1652 (six years in Yongli and nine years in Shunzhi), Li Dingguo, after full preparation, sent 8, troops to attack Hunan. First take Yuanzhou (now Qianyang, Hunan) and Jingzhou (now Shaoyang, Hunan), then attack Guilin, Guangxi, and defeat the Qing army, forcing Kong Youde, the commander of the Qing army and the king of Dingnan, to commit suicide. Li Dingguo occupied Guilin at the beginning of July, and then went straight down to Liuzhou, Hengzhou and other four states, with soldiers pointing to Changsha. When the Qing court heard the news, it was frightened and sent an additional 1 thousand troops to help. In order to avoid the spirit of the Qing army, Li Dingguo temporarily evacuated from Changsha and retreated to Hengzhou. Ni Kan, the commander-in-chief and prince of the Qing army, led the troops to chase after him. Li Dingguo ambushed and surrounded the Qing army, and stormed in all directions. The Qing army was greatly defeated, and Ni Kan was beheaded and wiped out. Li Dingguo's victory in the two major battles of Guilin and Hengyang opened up a new situation in Nan Ming's struggle against Qing Dynasty. In 1661 (the 15th year of Yongli, 18th year of Shunzhi), 1, troops from Wu Sangui of the Qing army entered Myanmar, forcing the king of Myanmar to hand over Emperor Yongli, but failed. The following year, Wu Sangui killed Emperor Yongli in Kunming, and Nanming died. When Li Dingguo heard the news, he became angry and became ill. Li Dingguo, who had been fighting against the Qing Dynasty for 17 years in the southwest border, died in Mengla (west of Lancang River) in June 1662, at the age of 42. At present, Yunnan people still regard Li Dingguo as the backbone of central Yunnan, the revolutionaries revolted in the late Qing Dynasty, and Cai E and others still followed Li Dingguo's example. Zhang Binglin said, "May I be Yunnan people and never forget Li Dingguo!"

Liu Rushi, a poetess, whose real name is Yang Ai, is also called Hedong Jun? I read Xin Qiji's He Xinlang in the Song Dynasty: "I see how charming Qingshan is, and I expect Qingshan to see me like this", so I named it this way. Together with Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan, Gu Hengbo, Koubaimen and Chen Yuanyuan, they are called "Eight Colours of Qinhuai". Later, he married Qian Qianyi, a great genius of the Ming Dynasty, who was known as "a scholar of heaven and man" and "a contemporary writer". Liu Rushi was a famous geisha talented woman at the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She was intelligent and eager to learn when she was young. However, due to her poor family, she was plundered and sold to Wujiang as a maid at an early age. When she was young, she fell into Zhangtai and changed her name to Liu Yin, and she traveled between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jinling in troubled times. His remaining works mainly include Grass on the Lake, Wuyin Grass and Footprint.

Chen Yuanyuan (1623-1695), whose original surname was Xing, was Yuan. The word is round, and the word is fragrant. He was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province (now Changzhou) in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties because he was a foster mother of Chen. Living in Taohuawu, Suzhou, a native pear garden, it is famous in Wuzhong and one of the "Eight Colours of Qinhuai". In the last years of Chongzhen, he was taken captive by Tian Wan and later transferred to Wu Sangui as his concubine. According to legend, after Li Zicheng attacked Beijing, his men Liu Zongmin took Chen Yuanyuan, and Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the customs.

Wu Sangui (June 8, 1612-October 2, 1678), born in Liaodong, Ming Dynasty, was born in Gaoyou, Jiangnan (now Gaoyou, Jiangsu), the son of Wu Xiang, the general commander of Jinzhou, and the nephew of Zu Dashou. Famous political and military figures in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In Chongzhen, Ming Dynasty, he was the company commander of Liaodong, sealing Xibo and guarding Shanhaiguan. Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, opened martial arts to take scholars, and Wu Sangui won the martial arts imperial examination. Soon, Wu Sangui took the shadow of his father as the commander? . In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Qing Dynasty was defeated by Li Zicheng in the Shanhaiguan War, and the King of the West was sealed. In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1649), Wu Sangui guarded Yunnan, led troops into Myanmar, and forced the king of Myanmar to hand over Emperor Yongli of Nanming. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Wu Sangui killed Emperor Yongli of Nanming in Kunming. In the same year, Jin was named Prince of the Day, and was also called San Francisco with Geng Jingzhong, King of Jingnan, Fujian, and Shangkexi, King of Pingnan, Guangdong. In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), he ordered the withdrawal of the vassal. Wu Sangui claimed to be the King of Zhou, the president of the world's land and water marshal, and the general of Xing Ming's conquest of Lu, and published a campaign, which was known as the "San Francisco Rebellion" in history. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Wu Sangui became the emperor of Zhou Dynasty in Hengzhou (now Hengyang City), with the title of Zhou Dynasty and Hengyang as its capital. Jianyuan Zhaowu died in Hengyang in the autumn of the same year. ZhuiShi for Kaitian Daotongren extremely express SHEN WOO Gao Emperor. After three years of support, his grandson Wu Shizhen was attacked by the Qing army in Kunming, and the San Francisco rebellion ended.

Hong Chengchou (October 16, 1593-April 3, 1665), born in Yingdu, Nan 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian (now Xiamei, Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town), was born in Yanjian. ? In 1616 (forty-four years of Wanli), he was a scholar, and he was tired of being an official in Shaanxi Province. When he was in Chongzhen, he was an official in the Ministry of War Shangshu and Governor Ji Liao. After being defeated in the battle of Songjin, he was captured by the Qing Dynasty and later surrendered to become a Han university student in the Qing Dynasty. In April 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi), he entered the customs with the Qing army. After arriving in Beijing, he was given the title of Prince Taibao, the minister of war and the right deputy, and was assigned to the inner court to assist in the maintenance. Hong Chengchou preached Confucian scholarship, and put forward opinions against the emperor shunzhi's distrust of Confucius and Mencius, laying the foundation for the confluence of Manchu and Han. In 1661 (the eighteenth year of Shunzhi), he invited himself to be an official. He died in 1665 and died in Wenxiang.

Fan Wencheng (1597-1666) was born in Shenyang, Liaodong. He was an important official in the early Qing Dynasty, who served four generations of emperors: Qing Taizu, Qing Taizong, Qing Shizu and Qing Shengzu. When the Qing Dynasty was founded, most of the regulations came from him, and he was regarded as the first of the civil servants. Fan Wencheng didn't study hard, and in the 43rd year of Wanli (1615), he got a scholarship in Shenyang County School, at the age of 18. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), Fushun was captured by the Eight Banners Army in the late Jin Dynasty, and Fan Wencheng and his brother Fan Wencai took the initiative to inquire for Nurhachi, becoming one of the founding fathers of the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, he was deeply dependent, and he participated in the decision-making of all the strategies to crusade against the Ming Dynasty, to rebel against the officials of the Ming Dynasty, to attack Korea, to appease Mongolia, and to build the state system. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), Fan Wencheng died at the age of 7.

Wu Youxing (1582-1652), a Han nationality, was born in Dongshan, Wuxian. Infectious disease scientist in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In 1642, in the 15th year of Daming Chongzhen, the whole country was plagued by plague, with ten households and nine deaths [1]? . Great epidemics in Zhili, Shandong, Zhejiang and other places in the north and south flourished in May and June. "There are more than 1 homes in one lane, and no one is only exempted. There are dozens of people in one door, and no one is left." Doctors all treat typhoid fever with no effect. Wu Youke experienced every epidemic situation, accumulated rich data, studied the source of the disease, devoted himself to research, and wrote a brand-new book "On Epidemic Febrile Diseases" based on the results of treatment, which was the first of its kind in China. Based on his life-long experience in treating epidemic diseases, he boldly put forward the theory of "furuncle and qi" causing diseases, which is also a great pioneering work in the history of medical infectious diseases in the world, thus winning wide respect from future generations.

Lee Guo, born in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, also known as Li Jin, is known as "a tiger", a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, nephew of Li Zicheng, general and governor of Dashun.

Jin Shengtan (168.4.17—1661.8.7) is famous for his words. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Renrui, with the word Saint Sigh, and was nicknamed Kunpeng Sanshi, calling himself Master Lu 'an. Wu County, Suzhou, was a famous writer and literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Fu Shan (167-1684) was a Taoist thinker, calligrapher and physician during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first name is Ding Chen, the word is green bamboo, and the word is changed to green master. There are also aliases such as turbid Weng and Guanhua. Han nationality is from Taiyuan, Shanxi. Fu Shan claimed to be a disciple of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and he himself repeatedly emphasized on many occasions and in his works that "an old man learns from Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi", "I am a disciple of Zhuang Zi", "I am a teacher of Zhuang Zi" and "I am a painter". Consciously inherit the ideology and culture of Taoist school. He studied and expounded the propositions of Laozi and Zhuangzi, such as "Taoism is natural", "governing by doing nothing", "whether there is a Thai beginning" and "hiding without hiding", and developed the traditional Taoist thought.

Zhu Zhiyu (November 17th, 16 ~ May 23rd, 1682) was a scholar and educator during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The word Chuyu, also known as Luyu, was named Shunshui, Han nationality, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, and was born in the late Ming Dynasty. Because in the late Ming Dynasty and the southern Ming Dynasty, he was given the characteristics of the imperial edict twice, and he was called a monarch.