History of Fenquan River

What are the famous lakes, rivers or mountains in Henan?

The famous lakes in Henan are: Boshan Lake/Pearl of Henan Nanwan Lake/Suya Lake/Yellow River Sanmenxia Scenic Area/ Sanmenxia Lake/Longhu Scenic Area/Xiaolangdi Reservoir Tourist Area/Danjiangkou/Yahekou Reservoir Tourist Area.

The famous lakes are: 1. The main stream of the Yellow River basin enters Henan Province in Lingbao City and flows through 24 of the 7 cities of Sanmenxia, ??Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, Kaifeng, and Puyang County (city, district). To the west of Mengjin, the main stream of the Yellow River, there is a narrow valley with rapid water flow. To the east of Mengjin, it enters the plain, where the water flow suddenly slows down and a large amount of sediment is deposited. The river bed becomes higher year by year. Embankments are set up on both sides. The embankment distance is 5~20km. The main stream swings erratically, making it a wandering river. .

Below Huayuankou, the river bed is 4 to 8 meters higher than the ground behind the embankment, forming a suspended river. During high floods, it threatens the safety of people's lives and property in the vast areas downstream and becomes a thorn in the side of flood control. After flowing through Sanyi Village in Lankao County, the main stream turns northeast and basically becomes the provincial boundary between Henan and Shandong. It leaves the province near Zhangzhuang in Taiqian County and spans 711km across the province.

The main tributaries of the Yellow River in the province include Yihe River, Luohe River, Qinhe River, Hongnongjian River, Jianhe River, Jindi River, Natural Wenyan Canal, etc. The Yi, Luo and Qin rivers are the main source of floods below Sanmenxia of the Yellow River.

(1) Luohe River System The Luohe River originates from Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, flows through Lushi, Luoning, Yiyang, Luoyang, and Yanshi in Henan Province, and merges into the Yellow River at Shenbei Village, Gongyi City , with a total drainage area of ??19,056km2 and a river length of 366km in the province. The province covers an area of ??17,400km2.

The main tributary Yi River originates from Xiong'er Mountain in Luanchuan County, flows through Song County, Yichuan, and Luoyang and merges into the Luo River in Yangcun, Yanshi County. The river is 268km long and the basin is Area 6120km2. The land between the Yi and Luo rivers is low-lying and prone to floods.

(2) Qinhe River System The Qinhe River originates from Heicheng Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, enters Henan Province from Huotan Village, Xinzhuang Township, Jiyuan City, and passes through Qinyang, Boai, Wen County to Wuzhi County Fengling merges into the Yellow River. The total drainage area is 13532km2, the provincial area is 3023km2, and the provincial river length is 135km.

The Qinhe River enters the alluvial plain below Wulongkou in Jiyuan. The river bed is silted up and is 2~4m higher than the ground outside the embankment, forming a hanging river. The main tributary Danhe River originates from Danzhuling, Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, flows through Boai and Qinyang and joins the Qinhe River.

The total drainage area is 3152km2, the total length is 169km, the provincial area is 179km2, and the provincial river length is 46.4km. (3) Hongnongjian and Jianhe River Hongnongjian and Jianhe River are hilly rivers that directly flow into the Yellow River.

Hongnongjian (also known as Xijian River) originates from the west of Tuoyuan, Lingbao County. The river is 88km long and the drainage area is 2068km2. The Jianhe River originates from Huaye Ridge, Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, enters Kuluo Mountain in Kejing Township, northwest of Jiyuan City, and flows into the Yellow River in the south of Wuzhi City via Meng County and Wen County. It has a total length of 130km and a drainage area of ??1,328km2.

(4) Jindi River and Natural Wenyan Channel Jindi River and Natural Wenyan Channel are all plain sloping rivers. The Jindi River originates from Jingzhang Village, Xinxiang County. Its upper reaches are Dasha River, Xiliuqing River, and Hongqi Main Canal. It starts from Gengzhuang, Hua County and becomes the main stream of Jindi River. It flows through Puyang, Fan County, Shen County, and Yanggu County in Shandong Province. , and merges into the Yellow River at Dongzhangzhuang, Taiqian County. The main stream is 159km long and the drainage area is 5047km2.

The source of Natural Wenyan Canal is divided into two branches. The southern branch is called Natural Canal and the northern branch is called Wenyan Canal. They both originate from Wanglunan and Wanglubei in Yuanyang County and merge with Dacheji in Changyuan County. Known as the Natural Wenyan Canal, it enters the Yellow River in Qu Village, Puyang County, with a drainage area of ??2514km2. Due to the siltation of the Yellow River, the river bed rises year by year. Only when the Yellow River is small, can the runoff from the natural Wenyan Canal and the Jindi River merge into the Yellow River. Floods in the Yellow River often cause the two streams to support each other, making drainage difficult.

2. Rivers in the Huaihe River Basin The main rivers in the Huaihe River Basin include the main stream of the Huaihe River and its tributaries in Huainan, Honghe River, Yinghe River and the plain river courses in eastern Henan. The main stream of the Huaihe River and the Huainan tributaries both originate from the northern foothills of the Dabie Mountains, accounting for 17.5% of the total area of ??the Huaihe River Basin in the province.

The left bank tributaries mainly originate from the Funiu Mountains in the west, the Yellow River in the north and northeast, and the south bank of the abandoned Yellow River. They gather numerous secondary tributaries along the way, accounting for 82.5% of the total area of ??the Huaihe River Basin in the province. The tributaries on the left and right banks are distributed asymmetrically.

The rivers in hilly areas have short sources and fast flows. After entering the plains, the drainage is not smooth and it is easy to cause flood disasters. (1) The main stream of the Huaihe River and Huainan tributaries The main stream of the Huaihe River originates from Taibaiding, Tongbai Mountain, Tongbai County, flows eastward through Xinyang, Luoshan, Xixian, Huangchuan, Huaibin and other counties, and ends in Sanhejian Township, Gushi County. Chencun enters the territory of Anhui Province, and the river length above the provincial boundary is 417km. The main stream of the Huaihe River includes the main stream of the Huaihe River, the Huainan tributary, and the Huaibei tributary above the mouth of the Honghe River, with a basin area of ??21,730km2.

Below Xixian County, there are embankments on both sides. To Huaibin, the river is 99km long, the river bed ratio is reduced to 1/7000, and the river width is more than 2,000 meters. Due to the small drainage outlet of the main stream of the Huaihe River, the flood control and waterlogging standards are low. , causing the plains and depressions along the Huaican River and downstream of its tributaries to be prone to floods. The main tributaries on the south bank are: Shihe River, Zhugan River, Zhaihe River, Huanghe River, Bailu River, Shihe River and Guanhe River. They all originate from the northern foot of Dabie Mountain and flow from southwest to northeast. The river is short and fast.

(2) Honghe River System The Honghe River originates from Longtou Mountain in Wugang City, flows through Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu, and Xincai, and merges into the Huaihe River at the mouth of the Honghe River in Huaibin County. 326km, the floodway below Pantai is 74km long, and the drainage area is 12325km2. The shape of the watershed is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The outflow is not smooth and it is easy to cause floods.

The Ru River is the main tributary of the Hong River. It originates from Wufeng Mountain in Biyang, flows through Suiping, Runan, Zhengyang, and Pingyu, and merges into the Hong River in Bantai Village, Xincai County. The entire length 222km, with a drainage area of ??7376km2. Zhentou River is the main tributary of Ru River. It originates from Queshan Jiguan Mountain and merges into Ru River in Runan. The river is 121km long and the drainage area is 1841km2.

Another main tributary of the Ru River, the North Ru River, originates from Yangzhuang in Xiping County and Chaya Mountain in Suiping County, and flows into the Ru River via Shangcai and Runan. The river is 60km long and has a drainage area of ??1,273km2. (3) Yinghe River System The Yinghe River system is located in the hinterland of Henan Province and is the largest river system in the Huaihe River Basin.

In Henan Province, the Yinghe River system is also commonly known as the Shaying River system. With Shahe as the main trunk, the section below Zhoukou to the provincial border is also commonly known as the Shahe. The Yinghe River is still used as the main trunk in the description here.

The Ying River originates from the southern foothills of Songshan Mountain, flows through Dengfeng, Yuzhou, Xiangcheng, Xuchang, Linying, Xihua, Zhoukou, Xiangcheng, Shenqiu, and enters Anhui Province at the beginning of the border. The river length above the provincial boundary is 418km, and the drainage area is 34,400km2.

The tributaries on the south bank of Yinghe River include Shahe River and Fenquan River, and the tributaries on the north bank include Qinglu River, Jialu River and Heici River. The Shahe River is the largest tributary of the Ying River. It originates from Shiren Mountain in Lushan County and flows through Baofeng, Yexian, Wuyang, and Luohe.