The past of southern Qingdao

The establishment of Shinan District began in the period of German occupation of Qingdao, but the area under its jurisdiction has a long history and has long been integrated into the mainstream of Qingdao history. Since the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it has been in a leading position in politics, military affairs, commerce, tourism, residence and other aspects by virtue of its superior geographical advantages.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates often invaded China's coastal areas, and Dengzhou and Laizhou in Shandong suffered from them repeatedly. From the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369) to the seventh year of Ming Hongwu (1374), the Japanese attacked JIAOZHOU bay six times, burning and looting, but it was "impassable" for a while. In view of this foreign invasion, health centers and hospitals were set up in coastal areas in the early Ming Dynasty to strengthen coastal defense.

In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), Jimo County built a city along the East China Sea, built an Ao Mountain Guard, and governed Fushan Institute (full name: Thousand Floating Hills) and Xiongyasuo Institute. The scale of "Institute" is larger than that of "county", and it is state-level and is in charge of "Qianhu" (Zhengwupin).

Fushan Station, the center of Shinan District, was established from the 21st year of Hongwu (1388) to the 13th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1735), which lasted for 360 years in four districts of Qingdao (Shinan, Shibei, Sifang and Licang), Chengyang District and the west of Laoshan District.

With the guard of Fushan and other military security barriers, some mainland talents (reportedly mostly Yunnan, Guizhou and Shanxi) moved to the east coast of Jiaozhou Bay with confidence. Since Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants have gathered in the area south of Jimo County and west of Laoshan Mountain in Laizhou Prefecture. Today, Shinan District has built Shangqingdao Village, Xiaqingdao Village, Qianhui, Xiaoniwa, Xiaozhan Mountain, Dazhan Mountain, Tian Jiacun, Dayao, Xiaoyao, zhang jia zhuang (later renamed Kangjiazhuang), Dingjiazhuang and Xinjiazhuang. Ping Fan Hai Ping has come back to life. While farming, people also turned their eyes to the sea. In the third year of Ming Chenghua (1467), Tianfei Palace (later renamed Tianhou Palace) was established on the north bank of Qingdao Kou, where sacrifices were made in the first month of the lunar calendar every year to ensure the safety of fishing and business travel at sea.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the word "Qingdao" appeared in Wang Shixing's book Guangzhiyi, which first appeared in the literature as the name of a small island.

In the sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1578), Xu Ling, the magistrate of Jimo County, wrote to the court and proposed to open maritime transportation. Later, it was allowed to open Qingdao Port in the county (that is, in the south of the city, in front of the Tianhou Temple and east of the trestle). Qingdao Port's maritime trade was increasingly active, and it had trade with Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Huai and other places.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, coastal defense was further strengthened. According to the records in the northwest temples and Guandi temples of Fushan Institute, in the early years of Qing Dynasty, Fushan Institute, which was supposed to be a military chief with the rank of "Qianzong" (Zhengliupin), was held by the rank of "Weifang" (Zhengwupin). In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the Fukuyama garrison was revoked and changed to Ganzong. Yan was then the director of Fushan Institute, and was also in charge of big (now Haiyang City) affairs.

In the 12th year of Yongzheng, the imperial court changed the Forbidden Guard, the Institute and the Fushan Institute into the Fushan Inspection Department, which was responsible for public security and civil affairs within the military control scope of the former Fushan Institute. Zhang Dayong was the first object of investigation sent from Zhejiang. It was not until Guangxu that the functions of Fukuyama Procuratorate were revoked.

After the 13th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1735), the maritime trade between Qingdao Port and other seaports was more active than before, and Qingdao Port became more and more prosperous, "tourists and businessmen gathered here". At the western end of today's spacious University Road, there is the Qingdao River connecting the mouth of Qingdao. The ship sailed into the river and broke down with the tide. There are hotels, bars and other buildings along Yanhe Street.

In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Yantai Port was officially opened to the outside world, which had an important impact on the traditional trade order of Jiaozhou Bay ports such as Qingdao Port. Later, the telegraph room and post office were established in Qingdao Port, and more shops and handicraft workshops appeared. At that time, the midwest of Shinan District became a gathering place for tourists and businessmen. In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), dozens of firms donated money to rebuild the Tianhou Palace in Qingdao.

In the 17th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (189 1), the imperial court set up the General Staff Yamen in Kouhai Street, Qingdao. Gaoyuan Zhang, the governor of Dengzhou, built Company commanders mansion (commonly known as the old yamen, now the former site of the People's Hall), barracks, battery and trestle bridge on the east bank of Xiaqingdao Village. Business travelers gathered in Qingdao mouth (now the west coast of Shinan District) and gradually formed a town with a certain scale. According to Hu Cunyue's Notes on Haiyuntang, the company commander's yamen is larger than the county yamen. This is the beginning of Qingdao's construction. From Qingdao Koudao to 1896, there are 7 1 merchants, hotels, ready-to-wear clothes, oil mills, shoes and hats shops, silk and satin shops, grocery stores, pubs, restaurants ... grocery stores along Yanhe Street "write boat tickets", that is, sell them on their behalf.

1897 Germany invaded Qingdao, 1900 In June, the Governor of Jiaoao divided the concession into inner boundary and outer boundary. The inner boundary is called Qingdao District, which includes Qingdao, Dabao Island, Xiaoniwa, Mengjiagou, Baoxiao Island, Yang Jiacun, Taitung Town, Broom Beach and 9 pre-conference communities. The rest is the outside world, called Licun District, which governs 274 villages. Most of Qingdao District and the south of Taitung District are located in the south of this city. The original nine districts in 19 10 were merged into four districts: Qingdao, Dabao Island, Taidong Town and Taixi Town.

During the period of 1897, in the first Qingdao urban planning made by the German Jiaoao authorities, the urban area was located in a relatively flat area between the southwest coast of Qingdao and the hills, just at the entrance of Jiaozhou Bay. To the south is Qingdao Bay, and Tuandao and Huiquanjiao, which extend into the sea from the west, control the mouth of the bay. This area is the most part of Shinan District, and it is also a part of Shibei District, which is the most beautiful place in Qingdao. The new city is named Qingdao. Qingdao, as a city administrative region, first appeared in the records. German occupiers built administrative organs, economic and trade zones, villas and baths in this area for their administration and entertainment.

By 19 13, the Chinese population in Qingdao had reached 16 1 140, which was close to the population of a medium-sized city, and various urban facilities were gradually completed, forming a distinctive urban style and stepping into the ranks of important cities in China at that time.

19 14 After Japan invaded Qingdao for the first time, the occupied area was divided into Qingdao District and Licun District. Now Shinan District is in Qingdao District.

From 19 14, when it was first occupied by Japan to12, June, 1949, Qingdao was successively plundered, enslaved, oppressed by warlords and monopolized and controlled by bureaucratic capital, and its urban development was struggling. Only after Shen Honglie, commander of the Northeast Navy, became the mayor of Qingdao in February 193 10 and 16, although Qingdao's economy was still dominated by foreign capital, mainly Japanese capital, Qingdao was far from the war-torn areas and the social situation was relatively stable. Therefore, the Qingdao municipal authorities paid attention to promoting the movement of domestic products, and social undertakings such as municipal construction, port construction, culture and education developed. At that time, the Bank Center was established in the Fourth Park (now Laoshe Park, Anhui Road), located in the second district of the city center (now within the jurisdiction of Shinan District), and the city auditorium and trestle were newly built and expanded. 1933, the 17th North China Games was held in the newly-built Huiquan Stadium.

1946 During the second reign of Nanjing National Government, Qingdao was divided into seven districts: Shinan, Shibei, Taitung, Sicang, Licun, Xiazhuang and Haixi. Jiabao is divided into 12 districts (including 4 urban areas and 8 rural areas), and the urban area includes 4 districts: Shinan, Shibei, Taidong and Taixi.

1June 2, 949, after the liberation of Qingdao, Shinan District began to enter a new historical development period. After entering the new period of socialist modernization, the reform and opening up, the large-scale development of the eastern region and the Olympic Games have enabled Shinan District to develop rapidly and healthily, accelerated the pace of urban construction, deepened community construction, fully implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the district through science and education, and improved the construction of democracy and legal system.