Strange CET-4 English sentences ~

This last grammatical phenomenon is called absolute construction, and its structure is "subject+complement". As an adverbial, the grammatical function of this structure is basically the same as that of participle phrases, except that participle phrases can be used as adverbials of time, reason, condition and accompanying mode, and other forms of independent nominative cases generally only express accompanying mode.

1. On the independent nominative case

Because this structure is an additional component of the main sentence, the complement has nothing to do with the subject of the sentence, but is inseparable from the additional nominative case (noun or pronoun). Because this nominative case exists independently of the subject of the sentence, it is called an independent nominative case, in which the noun or pronoun representing the nominative case is the logical subject of the later complement.

2. About complement

In absolute structure, complement can be expressed by the following words:

* participle phrases, such as:

He made a speech at the meeting, and others didn't pay attention to what he said. He spoke at the meeting and everyone else paid attention to what he said.

He made a speech at the meeting, while others didn't pay attention to what he wanted to say.

* adjective phrases, such as:

We looked down the hill and there were green trees everywhere. We looked down the hill, and the trees were lush.

We looked down the hill and there were green trees everywhere. )

* Preposition phrases, such as:

The woman came in, followed by a dog. The woman came in, followed by a dog.

The woman came in and a dog followed her. )

* noun phrases, such as this question:

Those arrested are terrorists, most of whom are illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Those arrested were not terrorists at all, but mostly illegal immigrants from Central China or South America. year

(= ... most of them are illegal immigrants from Central America or South America. )