What territories has China lost since Qianlong?

Outer Mongolia has more than 2.3 million square kilometers, outer northeast, outer northwest, eastern Kashmir, the vassal state of Sikkim, Bhutan, and Ryukyu. In total, the three sections of the Sino-Indian border have occupied 92,000 people in our country. The square kilometer territory is equivalent to one Zhejiang Province and two and a half Taiwan Provinces. It is 10 times larger than the Falklands fought over by Britain and Afghanistan, and 20 times larger than the "Four Northern Islands" disputed by Japan and Russia. Such a large-scale territorial dispute is the largest case in modern international society of one country illegally occupying the territory of another country. It is also a shame for the Chinese nation. Western Yunnan; Kachin State, Myanmar: "Jiangxinpo" refers to a narrow strip between the Enmeikai River and the Malikai River to the west of the Gaoligong Mountain in Yunnan, starting from Zayu County in Tibet in the north and reaching the Jianshan Mountain in Myanmar in the south.

Jiangxinpo is "a narrow strip between the Enmeikai River and the Malikai River" (both rivers are west of Gaoligong Mountain), and most of northern Myanmar north of Myitkyi/Na (Taiwan version In the map of China, all of them are included in the territory of China). Most of them now belong to the Kachin State of Myanmar.

Border with Vietnam. The Faka Mountain, Zheyin Mountain, and Laoshan areas

Vietnam was originally a vassal state of China. In 1885, the Qing government ceded it to France during the Battle of Annan between China and France. France conquered Laos in 1892, plus as early as 1863 They occupied Cambodia in 1999 and made it a colony, collectively known as French Indochina. Western Pamir.

In 1860, Tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Beijing. The treaty is another piece of land cession clause, which stipulates that the Chinese territory north of Heilongjiang and east of Ussuri River will be ceded to Russia. Compared with the Treaty of Nerchinsk, the Beijing Treaty’s division of the eastern border between China and Russia caused China to lose 1 million square kilometers of territory (including 600,000 square kilometers north of Heilongjiang and 400,000 square kilometers east of the Ussuri River. km), the direction of China's northeastern border determined by the Treaty of Nerchinsk has undergone significant changes. `Tsarist Russia invaded Central Asia in the late 19th century, and then Russian forces approached China's northwest frontier. After the Opium War, Tsarist Russia took advantage of the weakness of the Qing Dynasty and continued to encroach on the western region of Xinjiang. In less than 20 years from the 1840s to the end of the 1850s, Russia continued to invade and encroach on Chinese territory east and south of Lake Balkhash in Xinjiang through armed invasion, construction of military fortresses, forced immigration, etc., and attempted to use inequality to treaty to legalize the Chinese territory it occupies.

Compared with the northwest territory of the Qing Dynasty established in the "Qianlong Inner Palace Map", this unequal treaty would start from Amuha Mountain in the north, reach Congling in the south, and extend from the Aigus River, Lake Balkhash, The territory of western China along the Talas River and adjacent to the Nine Cities of Ili and the Appeasement City of Talbahatai in the east, with a total area of ??about 440,000 square kilometers, is included in the Russian territory. At the same time, the treaty also stipulates: Which country the land is divided into, and whose population is under the jurisdiction of that country. A large number of nomadic and settled populations in western Xinjiang were forcibly assigned to Russia.

A total of more than 3 million square kilometers of land have been lost. The efforts of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties were all in vain.