Introduction to Italy, introduction, speed

Italy is a southern European country. Most of its territory extends to the Apennine Peninsula in the Mediterranean of Europe. It extends from northwest to southeast in the same direction and has a long and narrow shape. Sardinia, the old land of Sardinia, is in the west and Sicily in the south is another big island in Italy. If we put this island and Italy together, it looks like a foot playing football.

The northernmost part of Italy is a part of the Alps, which separates Italy from France, Switzerland and the former Yugoslavia. Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Europe, lies on the border between France and Italy.

The Po River Plain lies between the Alps and Apennines in the north. The Po River, which melted in the Alps, flows into the Mediterranean Sea from northwest to southeast, and the sediments on both sides are alluvial.

The largest water system in Italy is the Po River system. The longest river is the Po River, which is 652 kilometers long. Rivers in Italy are rarely used for shipping because of their limited flow.

Italy is mountainous and hilly, accounting for about 80% of the land area, and there are many active volcanoes. The famous volcanoes are Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna. There are thousands of large and small lakes in Italy, the most famous of which are Maggiore Lake, Como Lake and Calda Lake in the north.

Italy also has two sovereign pocket countries: Vatican Papal States and San Marino.

climate

Although Italy is located in the temperate zone, its climate changes greatly because of its long and narrow terrain, mountainous territory and its location in the Mediterranean Sea. It's very cold in winter in the north. 1 month, the average temperature in the Po River Plain is zero, while the temperature in the Alps can drop to MINUS 20 degrees, and some peaks even have snow all year round. Except for the inland mountainous areas, the average temperature of 1 month in southern China can reach MINUS 10 degrees. In summer, the average temperature in Italy is 24-25 degrees, except in mountainous areas with higher altitude.

Human population

According to the June census of 198 10, the Italian population is over 56.55 million, which is estimated to be slightly reduced, accounting for about one twentieth of the population of China. Male accounted for 48.6% and female accounted for 5 1.4%. The industrial population accounts for 28.6%, the service industry accounts for 52.5%, and the unemployment rate in192 was 10.2%. The population density is 190 people/km2, which is one of the highest in Europe. However, the actual division of the Italian population is very unbalanced: 64% people live in plain areas, coastal areas, urban areas of large, medium and small cities and their surrounding areas, and these areas only occupy 1/3 of the territory.

government

Italy is a parliamentary republic, with legislative, executive and judicial powers separated. The head of state does not concurrently serve as the head of government, and the relationship between the state and the Holy See is "independent". According to the Italian Constitution, Italy's legislature is Parliament, including the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 325 members, elected by all regions for a term of five years, of whom 10 is elected by former and current presidents from those who have made special contributions to the country; The 630-seat House of Representatives is elected by each constituency in proportion to the population for a term of five years.

The president is directly elected by citizens for a term of seven years, representing the political unity of the country and exercising the powers conferred by the constitution, such as approving government proposals, calling for elections and referendums, ordering the dissolution of parliament through consultation with the speakers of the two houses, nominating the prime minister, and being responsible for reorganizing the government through consultation with political parties in times of political crisis.

The government is the executive body, and the Prime Minister is responsible for it. The Prime Minister decides the major policies of the government and has the right to decide matters involving the responsibilities of various departments.

economy

Italy, Germany, France and Britain all belong to the four great powers in Western Europe and one of the seven great powers in world capitalism. Since 1986, Italy's GDP has surpassed that of Britain. Italian industry occupies an important position in the whole national economy and is the main source of national income. The main industrial sectors are machinery industry and food industry, as well as textile, clothing, shoemaking and leather industry. Italy ranks sixth in the world in crude oil processing capacity, second in Europe and sixth in the world in steel production, sixth in tractor production and ninth in power generation. Italian agricultural production is dominated by herbaceous crops and woody crops. It is one of the three largest olive producers in the world, and Italy ranks first in the world in grape and wine production. Every year, a large number of wines are exported to France, Germany and the United States, ranking first in the world.

culture

Italian culture has its own characteristics. Literature and art, criminal code, architectural technology, sculpture and painting, military science, agricultural technology, geographical science, medicine and many other aspects have reached a high level, and celebrities have emerged in large numbers. Dante? The Divine Comedy was written by allegri (1265 ~ 132 1 year), Giovanni? Decameron, da? Where's da Written by Bo Xuqiu (13 13 ~ 1375)? Finch (1452 ~ 15 19) is famous for The Last Supper, Our Lady in the Rock and The Portrait of Mona Lisa.

administrative division

Italy is divided into twenty administrative regions (regions, equivalent to the provinces of China), which are called districts or regions, five of which are autonomous regions. Divided into several provinces, there are 95 provinces in China. The province is divided into several towns, and there are 8088 towns in China. The city has a city council (consiglio comunale), a municipal government (giunta comunale) and a mayor (sindaco).

The administrative division of Italy is very simple: country >；; Region > province > town, nothing else. So there are towns with millions of people like Rome and Milan, and small towns with only a few thousand people. Due to historical reasons, the northern part of Italy is economically developed and the southern part is backward. It is customary to divide Italy into north, middle and south (including Sicily and Sardinia).

There are eight districts in the north: Valle Dhaos Tower; Piedmont; Liguria; Lombardy; Trentino Alto Adige; Veneto; Friuli Fenezi Giulia; Emilia-romagna.

There are six districts in central China: Tuscany, umbria, Ma Erkai, Lazio, abruzzi and molise.

There are six districts in the south: Campania, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria, including Sicily and Sa Ding.

The main cities in Italy are Rome, Milan, Florence, Venice and Naples. The Colosseum in ancient Rome, the Arc de Triomphe of Constantine the Great, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the ancient city of Pompeii, Domandat and the rock paintings reflecting the activities of human ancestors-Moni rock paintings in Valka, etc. It's all worth a visit. Omo Church, Scala Opera House, Santa Maria Monastery, Prerat Gallery, Lake Collart, Senia Palace, Florence Church, Giotto Temple, Octagonal Baptistery, Beatty Palace, Ufer Museum and "Old Bridge" will all make you linger.

Venice: There is not only the unique tenderness in the world, but also the strongest elegant scenery in the Mediterranean in history, which is a bridge between East and West. This world-famous city, built in the 5th century A.D., is located in the northeast of Italy, about 4 kilometers away from the mainland, and is located on the island of Lake Venice about 1 18. 150 many canals and more than 400 bridges crisscross, connecting these 1 18 islands into a city. Venice's unparalleled unique appearance and rich artistic treasures make it the most attractive tourist city in the world. The beauty of Venice is inseparable from the green water and rickety ships, and it is inseparable from the magnificent classical architecture. Standing in St. Kyle Square, the vertical and horizontal streets turn into winding canals here; Vehicles that pass unimpeded on the streets of ordinary cities become boats here. Every small waterway, small street, small church and Little Square here is a landscape and records the splendid culture and history of Shuicheng.

Rome: This is an eternal city belonging to God and angels. It is built on seven mountains between the Tiber River. It has been destroyed and revived several times. Historical sites can be seen everywhere, including the ancient Constantine Colosseum, the Fountain of Four Rivers, the Spanish Steps ... and the Vatican, the Catholic religious sites in the urban area, which adds a landscape.

Florence: bearing the fruits of the Renaissance, it is a famous cultural ancient city and art paradise, and also a tourist city that attracts a large number of international tourists. As the cultural center of European Renaissance, Florence has left countless important historical buildings and historical treasures to modern people. Michelangelo Square, Viciot Ancient Bridge and the Leaning Tower of Pisa nearby are the most important sightseeing spots.

Religious belief

Most Italians believe in Catholicism, which was once the state religion of Italy. 1927 After the separation of church and state, the influence of Catholicism among young people gradually weakened. Besides Catholicism, there are Christianity, Judaism and so on.

Analysis of Italy's advantages

Italy is a very important trading partner of China in Europe, and its transaction volume with China ranks second in the EU. At the same time, more and more Italian companies are committed to exploring the huge market in China. According to official data, more than 65,438+0,000 enterprises and companies have invested and set up factories in China. For example, Fiat, Italy's largest automobile manufacturer, has a representative office in Nanjing. Whether overseas or in China, whether in the clothing, machinery or even food industries, Italian companies provide high-income employment opportunities and perfect welfare system for China people who know Italian.

Italian pronunciation is not as complicated as English, because its pinyin is consistent with writing, and it is easy to learn without phonetic notation. Italian is not only the official language of San Marino and Vatican, but also the common language of Lugano, Switzerland. It is also used in many countries and regions in the United States and Africa.

Italian sounds beautiful, and people praise it as "clear as a breeze, with words like blooming flowers". Italian is called "the language of art" and is the most musical language in the world.

In addition, Italians use Spanish, English, German and French at the same time, so studying in Italy can be influenced by many foreign languages at the same time, which is very suitable for the development needs of compound talents in today's society. Because there are many people with high English level in China at present, only knowing one international language is not competitive enough, and mastering many foreign languages can become contemporary foreign language talents. Multilingual talents have a broader development space! !

General situation of higher education system

Italy is the first country to develop higher education in Europe and even the world, and it is the first modern university education system, which occupies a very important position in the history of education in Europe and even the world.

Italian universities are famous for their majors in music, art, sports and design.

Italian universities have a long history and modern innovative spirit. Many Italian universities used to be places where world celebrities studied. For example, Galileo studied medicine at the University of Pisa and taught at the University of Padua, which was founded in the13rd century. Dante studied at the University of Padua. The University of Bologna was founded in 1087 with a history of nearly a thousand years. It is not only the oldest university in Europe, but also the oldest university in the world. 1at the end of the 2nd century1in the middle of the 3rd century, Italian higher education was fully developed. During this period, Italy established many ancient universities in Europe, such as Padua University, university of pavia University, Naples University, Pisa University, Florence University and Rome University, Milan Polytechnic University, etc. , are famous universities in Europe and world-renowned. Berkeley University has the top business schools and management schools in Europe. Generally speaking, studying in an Italian university for three years can get a bachelor's degree equivalent to China's undergraduate course, and studying for two years can get a master's degree equivalent.