Multi-objective planning of land use structure in different types of areas

4.3.3. 1 land structure optimization of ecological protection zone

(1) variable setting

According to the characteristics of land resources in the study area and the requirements of social development, nine types of land use can be set up: cultivated land, garden land, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land, residential land, traffic land, water conservancy facilities land and unused land.

Therefore, according to the proportion of land types in the total land area and the collected data, nine variables are set: x 1 cultivated land, x2 woodland, x3 grassland, x4 garden, x5 water area, x6 traffic land, x7 residential land, x8 unused land and x9 other agricultural land.

(2) Constraints

Constraint is the limiting factor to realize the target function, which is mainly limited to three aspects closely related to land use structure: land resources, social needs and ecological environment requirements. Based on this, some constraints are determined.

1) The total land area is about. The sum of the total area of all kinds of land is equal to the total land area, that is

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

In which: s total-total land area, according to the planning data, s total is 211001.67 hm2;

Xi-all kinds of land area;

N variables.

2) Dynamic balance and constraint of cultivated land area. According to the basic farmland protection policy and related planning, the cultivated land area will remain basically unchanged by 2020, reaching 58385.83hm2.

x 1≥58385.83 (4.2)

3) Forest coverage limit. According to the minimum requirements for forest coverage in the forest land planning of Xichuan County, the forest land area should reach 765,438+0,565,438+0,654,38+0.57 hm2, and the forest land constraint conditions are as follows:

x2≥7 15 1 1.57(4.3)

4) Garden and grassland restrictions. According to the planned land structure layout, appropriately increase the garden area and stabilize the grassland area.

x3≥29.39 (4.4)

x4≥4457.47(4.5)

5) Water restrictions. The water area includes reservoir water surface, hydraulic construction land and river water surface.

According to the middle route project planning of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the normal water level of Danjiangkou Reservoir will be raised from 157m to 170m, and the resettlement elevation will be raised from 159m to 172m, thus forming a submerged area of Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is submerged 13706.03hm2 (Table 4.2

x5≥4 1485.57 (4.6)

6) Traffic land restrictions. The traffic land is mainly highway land, and the planned traffic land in 2020 is 773.07hm2, so

x6≥773.07 (4.7)

7) Constraints on the demand for construction land. At present, the total construction land in Xichuan County is11945.4hm2. According to the social and economic development, by 2020, the total construction land in Xichuan County will be12410.38hm2. Therefore,

1 1945.4≤x7≤ 124 10.38(4.8)

8) Macro planning constraints. Agricultural land is not less than the planned area of Xichuan County in 2020;

x 1+x2+x3+x4+x9≥ 14 1 16 1.2 1(4.9)

9) Constraints on land reserve resources. According to the land suitability evaluation of Xichuan County, it is planned that the unused land will be 2 130 1.492 hm2 by 2020, and the constraint conditions of land reserve resources in Xichuan County are as follows.

x8≤2 130 1.492(4. 10)

Table 4.2 Present Situation of Land Use in Danjiangkou Reservoir Submerged Area (unit: hm2)

10) other agricultural land constraints. According to the plan, reasonable arrangement of other agricultural land will reduce the number of existing other agricultural land, then

x9≤6776.95 (4. 1 1)

1 1) Land suitability constraints. According to the local actual situation, traffic land, unused land and other agricultural land should meet the following suitability constraints.

x6≤2000，x8≥ 10000，x9≥2000

12) The mathematical model needs constraints. The variable is non-negative, that is

xi≥0，i= 1，2，…，9 (4. 12)

(3) Setting of objective function

At present, the research on the rationality of land use structure mostly adopts some systematic engineering methods to discuss the rationality of land use economic output, but pays insufficient attention to ecological benefits, or fails to put forward reasonable and feasible concrete implementation ideas or methods. In fact, in the complex interest system of society-economy-ecology, it must be integrated, otherwise it will cause many ecological problems, which will affect and hinder the development of industrial and agricultural production and endanger people's health. Therefore, when measuring the rationality of land use structure, we should not only consider social and economic benefits, but also consider the standards of ecological benefits, and also give specific standards to measure whether the land use structure is reasonable or not. The objective function of the model consists of three sub-objective functions: economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.

On the basis of theoretical analysis and previous research results, it is considered that the goal of multi-objective programming model is to pursue the maximization of economic, ecological and social benefits. Therefore, the establishment of objective function based on these three benefits is studied, and the key and difficult point of objective function construction is the reasonable determination of benefit coefficient.

The economic benefit coefficient is calculated by multiplying the output benefit of unit land area by the relative equity coefficient of various land use benefits at the current price; The objective function of ecological benefit is described by establishing the objective function based on green equivalent. The calculation steps of social benefit coefficient are as follows: firstly, determine the proportion of the three major benefits in the comprehensive benefits by Delphi method, and then calculate the social benefit coefficient by combining the economic benefit and ecological benefit coefficients determined by each category.

A. objective function of maximizing economic benefits

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Where: Z 1- economic benefit objective function;

Xi- decision variables;

Ci- coefficient of economic benefit.

Due to the limitation of collecting statistical data and the need of calculation, agriculture in the output value of the primary industry is regarded as the output value of cultivated land x1; Forestry is the output value of woodland x2; Animal husbandry is the output value of grassland x3; The output value of orchard is Garden X4; Aquatic products are the output value of water area X5; The GDP of the secondary and tertiary industries as the output benefit of residential land is X6+X7+X8. On the basis of previous research results, the economic benefit coefficient is obtained and calculated.

C=( 1.59，0.085，0.79，8.537， 1.20， 182.07， 182.07，0.00 1. 1.0 1 1)

It can be converted into the following form:

Maxz1=1.59x1+0.085x2+0.79x3+8.537x4+1.20x5+182.07x6+182.

B. objective function of maximizing ecological benefits

Take the lowest (best) forest coverage rate as the reference standard of regional ecological early warning. Here, only the minimum forest coverage rate is discussed as a suggested index, and an objective function about green equivalent is established to describe the ecological objective function model:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

In which: GI-the average green equivalent of all kinds of land;

Forest-the best (lowest) forest coverage, accounting for 40% of the total land area.

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

From the perspective of botany and ecology, all kinds of green vegetation play a variety of ecological and environmental functions such as forests to varying degrees. According to the principle of green equivalence, traditional land use can be divided into the following categories.

A) land with green equivalent. Including cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land and some unused land. Its ecological service mechanism is similar to that of forest and can be quantified. rule

g 1=0.50，g2= 1，g3=0.5 1，g4=0.42，g8=0.5，g9=0.42

B) Land with green equivalent. Mainly refers to the water area, which has the functions of landscape, adjusting atmospheric composition and purifying air, and is difficult to quantify. Because of the large proportion of aquaculture area, it is considered to be similar to paddy fields. that is

g5=0.5

C) Land without green equivalent. Including villages and towns, industrial and mining land, traffic land and some unused land, the green equivalent is zero, that is,

g6=0，g7=0

Therefore, maxz 2 = (gixi)/sforest×100% can be transformed into the following form:

maxz 2 =(0.50 x 1+x2+0.5 1x 3+0.42 x4+0.5x 5+0.5x 8+0.42 x9)/84400.66(4. 15)

C. Social benefit objective function

It is difficult to quantify social benefits, so this study attempts to establish its objective function from relevant aspects. Social benefit evaluation indicators mainly include organizational system and urbanization level, per capita construction land, per capita cultivated land area and per capita net income. These indicators are closely related to cultivated land and construction land, and the following social benefit objective functions are established:

maxZ3 = x 1+x3+x4+X5+X6+x7+x9(4. 16)

(4) model solving

Objective function:

G economy (maximum):1.59x1+0.085x2+0.79x3+8.537x4+1.20x5+182.07x6+182.07x7.

G ecology (max): (0.50x1+x2+0.51x3+0.42x4+0.5x5+0.5x8+0.42x9)/161494.

G club (max): x1+x3+x4+X5+X6+X7+x9.

Constraints:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

According to the constraint equation and objective function, three groups of non-inferior solutions are obtained by using the maximum modulus ideal point method and DP S statistical software (Table 4.3), and three schemes of the overall land use planning in Xichuan County are obtained:

Scheme 1 takes objective function g economy as the head, scheme 2 takes objective function g ecology as the head, and scheme 3 takes objective function g society as the head. The results are as follows:

Table 4.3 Land Use Structure of Different Targets (Unit: hm2)

Optimization of land use structure in 4.3.3.2 eco-economic comprehensive management area

(1) variable setting

According to the characteristics of land resources in the study area and the requirements of social development, nine types of land use can be set up: cultivated land, garden land, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land, residential land, traffic land, water area and unused land.

Therefore, according to the proportion of land types in the total land area and the collected data, nine variables are set: x 1 cultivated land, x2 woodland, x3 grassland, x4 garden, x5 water area, x6 traffic land, x7 residential land, x8 unused land and x9 other agricultural land.

(2) Constraints

Constraint is the limiting factor to realize the target function, which is mainly limited to three aspects closely related to land use structure: land resources, social needs and ecological environment requirements. Based on this, some constraints are determined.

1) The total land area is about. The sum of the total area of all kinds of land is equal to the total land area, that is

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Where: s total- total land area, according to the planning data, s total is 344690.74hm2；;

Xi-all kinds of land area;

N variables.

2) Dynamic balance and constraint of cultivated land area. According to the basic farmland protection policy and related planning, by 2020, the cultivated land area will remain basically unchanged at 2 1932.39hm2.

x 1≥2 1932.39(4. 18)

3) Forest coverage limit. According to the minimum requirements of forest coverage rate in Xixia county's forest land planning in 2020, the forest land area needs to reach 2698 12.7 1hm2, and the forest land constraints are as follows.

x2≥2698 12.7 1(4. 19)

4) Garden and grassland restrictions. According to the planned land structure layout, appropriately increase the garden area and stabilize the grassland area.

x3≥47.6 1 (4.20)

x4≥ 17283.03 (4.2 1)

5) Water restrictions. The water area includes reservoir water surface, hydraulic construction land and river water surface. Combined with the actual situation of Xixia County, the constraints are as follows

x5≥267 1.65 (4.22)

6) Traffic land restrictions. The traffic land is mainly highway land, and the current traffic land in 20 10 is/kloc-0 1377.54hm2 Therefore,

x6≥559.5 1 (4.23)

7) Constraints on the demand for construction land. At present, the total amount of construction land in Xixia County is 7340.2hm2 According to the social and economic development, the total amount of construction land in Xixia County will be 8722.84hm2 by 2020. Therefore,

7340.2≤x7≤8722.84 (4.24)

8) Macro planning constraints. Agricultural land shall not be less than the current area of Xixia County 20 10:

x 1+x2+x3+x4+x9≥3 124 17.87(4.25)

9) Constraints on land reserve resources. According to the land suitability evaluation of Xixia County, the existing unused land is 25406.48hm2. According to the plan, the total construction land in Xixia County will be 19500.84hm2 by 2020, and the constraints of land reserve resources are as follows.

19500.84≤x8≤25406.48(4.26)

10) other agricultural land constraints. According to the plan, reasonable arrangement of other agricultural land will reduce the number of existing other agricultural land, then

3342. 13≤x9≤3729. 13(4.27)

1 1) The mathematical model needs constraints. The variable is non-negative, that is

xi≥0，i= 1，2，…，9 (4.28)

(3) Setting of objective function

At present, the research on the rationality of land use structure mostly adopts some systematic engineering methods to discuss the rationality of land use economic output, but pays insufficient attention to ecological benefits, or fails to put forward reasonable and feasible concrete implementation ideas or methods. In fact, in the complex interest system of society-economy-ecology, it must be integrated, otherwise it will cause many ecological problems, which will affect and hinder the development of industrial and agricultural production and endanger people's health. Therefore, when measuring the rationality of land use structure, we should not only consider social and economic benefits, but also consider the standards of ecological benefits, and also give specific standards to measure whether the land use structure is reasonable or not. The objective function of the model consists of three sub-objective functions: economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.

On the basis of theoretical analysis and previous research results, it is considered that the goal of multi-objective programming model is to pursue the maximization of economic, ecological and social benefits. Therefore, this paper studies the establishment of objective function based on these three benefits, and the key and difficult point of objective function construction is the reasonable determination of benefit coefficient.

The economic benefit coefficient is calculated by multiplying the output benefit of unit land area by the relative equity coefficient of various land use benefits at the current price; The objective function of ecological benefit is described by establishing the objective function based on green equivalent. The calculation steps of social benefit coefficient are as follows: firstly, determine the proportion of the three major benefits in the comprehensive benefits by Delphi method, and then calculate the social benefit coefficient by combining the economic benefit and ecological benefit coefficients determined by each category.

A. objective function of maximizing economic benefits

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Where: Z 1- economic benefit objective function;

Xi- decision variables;

Ci- coefficient of economic benefit.

Due to the limitation of collecting statistical data and the need of calculation, agriculture in the output value of the primary industry is regarded as the output value of cultivated land x1; Forestry is the output value of woodland x2; Animal husbandry is the output value of grassland x3; The output value of orchard is Garden X4; Aquatic products are the output value of water area X5; The GDP of the secondary and tertiary industries as the output benefit of residential land is X6+X7+X8. On the basis of previous research results, the economic benefit coefficient is obtained and calculated.

C=( 1.0 1 1，8.537，0.085 1.45.623， 1.20， 1.0 1. 182.07， 182.07，0.00 1)

Maxz 1 = Cixi can be transformed into the following forms:

maxz 1 = 1.0 1 1x 1+8.537 x2+0.085 1x 3+45.623 x4+ 1.20 X5+ 1.0 1 1x 6+ 182.07 x7+65438

B. objective function of maximizing ecological benefits

Take the lowest (best) forest coverage rate as the reference standard of regional ecological early warning. Here, only the minimum forest coverage rate is discussed as a suggested index, and an objective function about green equivalent is established to describe the ecological objective function model:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

In which: GI-the average green equivalent of all kinds of land;

Forest-the best (lowest) forest coverage, accounting for 40% of the total land area.

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

From the perspective of botany and ecology, all kinds of green vegetation play a variety of ecological and environmental functions such as forests to varying degrees. According to the principle of green equivalence, traditional land use can be divided into the following categories.

A) land with green equivalent. Including cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land and some unused land. Its ecological service mechanism is similar to that of forest and can be quantified. rule

g 1=0.50，g2= 1，g3=0.5 1，g4=0.42，g8=0.5，g9=0.42

B) Land with green equivalent. Mainly refers to the water area, which has the functions of landscape, adjusting atmospheric composition and purifying air, and is difficult to quantify. Because of the large proportion of aquaculture area, it is considered to be similar to paddy fields. that is

g5=0.5

C) Land without green equivalent. Including villages and towns, industrial and mining land, traffic land and some unused land, the green equivalent is zero. that is

g6=0，g7=0

Therefore, maxz 2 = (gixi)/sforest×100% can be transformed into the following form:

maxz 2 =(0.50 x 1+x2+0.5 1x 3+0.42 x4+0.5x 5+0.5x 8+0.42 x9)/ 16 1493.8(4.3 1)

C. Social benefit objective function

It is difficult to quantify social benefits, so this study attempts to establish its objective function from relevant aspects. Social benefit evaluation indicators mainly include organizational system and urbanization level, per capita construction land, per capita cultivated land area and per capita net income. These indicators are closely related to cultivated land and construction land, and the following social benefit objective functions are established:

maxZ3 = x 1+x3+x4+X5+X6+x7+x9(4.32)

D. model solving

Objective function:

G economy (maximum):1.01x1+0.085x2+0.79x3+8.537x4+1.20x5+182.07.

G ecology (max): (0.50x1+x2+0.51x3+0.42x4+0.5x5+0.5x8+0.42x9)/161493.8.

G club (max): x1+x3+x4+X5+X6+X7+x9.

Constraints:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

According to the constraint equation and objective function, three groups of non-inferior solutions are obtained by using the maximum modulus ideal point method and DP S statistical software (Table 4.4), and three schemes of the overall land use planning in Xixia County are obtained:

Scheme 1 takes objective function g economy as the head, scheme 2 takes objective function g ecology as the head, and scheme 3 takes objective function g society as the head. The results are as follows:

Table 4.4 Land Use Structure of Different Targets (Unit: hm2)

Optimization of land use structure in 4.3.3.3 ecological restoration area

(1) variable setting

According to the characteristics of land resources in the study area and the requirements of social development, nine types of land use can be set up: cultivated land, garden land, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land, residential land, traffic land, water area and unused land.

Therefore, according to the proportion of land types in the total land area and the collected data, nine variables are set: x 1 cultivated land, x2 woodland, x3 grassland, x4 garden, x5 water area, x6 traffic land, x7 residential land, x8 unused land and x9 other agricultural land.

(2) Constraints

Constraint is the limiting factor to realize the target function, which is mainly limited to three aspects closely related to land use structure: land resources, social needs and ecological environment requirements. Based on this, some constraints are determined.

1) The total land area is about. The sum of the total area of all kinds of land is equal to the total land area, that is

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

In which: s total- total land area, according to the planning data, s total is140902.89hm2; ;

Xi-all kinds of land area;

N variables.

2) Dynamic balance and constraint of cultivated land area. According to the basic farmland protection policy and related planning, by 2020, the cultivated land area will remain basically unchanged, which is 8445.74hm2.

x 1≥8445.74 (4.34)

3) Forest coverage limit. According to the minimum requirement of forest coverage rate in Lushi county's forest land planning in 2020, the forest land area should reach 211172.81hm 2, and the forest land constraints are as follows.

x2≥ 1 15328.04 (4.35)

4) Garden and grassland restrictions. According to the planned land structure layout, appropriately increase the garden area and stabilize the grassland area.

x3≥ 1.78 (4.36)

x4≥597.6 1 (4.37)

5) Water restrictions. The water area includes reservoir water surface, hydraulic construction land and river water surface.

Combined with the actual situation of Lushi County, the constraints are as follows

x5≥656.4 (4.38)

6) Traffic land restrictions. The traffic land is mainly highway land, and it is planned to be 468. 12hm2 in 2020. Therefore,

x6≥468. 12 (4.39)

7) Constraints on the demand for construction land. According to the social and economic development, by 2020, the total construction land in this area will reach 2644.74hm2, so

x7≤2644.74 (4.40)

8) Macro planning constraints. Agricultural land in 2020 shall not be less than the planned area of the region:

x 1+x2+x3+x4+x9≥ 128504.9 1(4.4 1)

9) Constraints on land reserve resources. According to the land suitability evaluation of Lushi County, the existing unused land is 8929.39hm2. According to the plan, the total construction land in Lushi County will be 12038.57hm2 by 2020, and the constraints of land reserve resources are as follows.

8929.39≤x8≤ 12038.57 (4.42)

10) other agricultural land constraints. According to the plan, reasonable arrangement of other agricultural land will reduce the number of existing other agricultural land, then

1200≤x9≤4 13 1.74(4.43)

1 1) The mathematical model needs constraints. The variable is non-negative, that is

xi≥0，i= 1，2，…，9 (4.44)

(3) setting an objective function

At present, the research on the rationality of land use structure mostly adopts some systematic engineering methods to discuss the rationality of land use economic output, but pays insufficient attention to ecological benefits, or fails to put forward reasonable and feasible concrete implementation ideas or methods. In fact, in the complex interest system of society-economy-ecology, it must be integrated, otherwise it will cause many ecological problems, which will affect and hinder the development of industrial and agricultural production and endanger people's health. Therefore, when measuring the rationality of land use structure, we should not only consider social and economic benefits, but also consider the standards of ecological benefits, and also give specific standards to measure whether the land use structure is reasonable or not. The objective function of the model consists of three sub-objective functions: economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.

On the basis of theoretical analysis and previous research results, it is considered that the goal of multi-objective programming model is to pursue the maximization of economic, ecological and social benefits. Therefore, this paper studies the establishment of objective function based on these three benefits, and the key and difficult point of objective function construction is the reasonable determination of benefit coefficient.

The economic benefit coefficient is calculated by multiplying the output benefit of unit land area by the relative equity coefficient of various land use benefits at the current price; The objective function of ecological benefit is described by establishing the objective function based on green equivalent. The calculation steps of social benefit coefficient are as follows: firstly, determine the proportion of the three major benefits in the comprehensive benefits by Delphi method, and then calculate the social benefit coefficient by combining the economic benefit and ecological benefit coefficients determined by each category.

A. objective function of maximizing economic benefits

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Where: Z 1- economic benefit objective function;

Xi- decision variables;

Ci- coefficient of economic benefit.

Due to the limitation of collecting statistical data and the need of calculation, agriculture in the output value of the primary industry is regarded as the output value of cultivated land x1; Forestry is the output value of woodland x2; Animal husbandry is the output value of grassland x3; The output value of orchard is Garden X4; Aquatic products are the output value of water area X5; The GDP of the secondary and tertiary industries as the output benefit of residential land is X6+X7+X8. On the basis of previous research results, the economic benefit coefficient is obtained and calculated.

C=( 1.59，0.053，0.79，8.537，0.796，23 1.98，23 1.98，0.00 1，4.98 1)

Maxz 1 = Cixi can be transformed into the following forms:

maxz 1 = 1.59 x 1+0.053 x2+0.79 x3+8.537 x4+0.796 X5+23 1.98 X6+23 1.98 x7+0.00 1x 8+4.98 1x 9(4.46)

B. objective function of maximizing ecological benefits

Take the lowest (best) forest coverage rate as the reference standard of regional ecological early warning. Here, only the minimum forest coverage rate is discussed as a suggested index, and an objective function about green equivalent is established to describe the ecological objective function model:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

In which: GI-the average green equivalent of all kinds of land;

Forest-the best (lowest) forest coverage, accounting for 40% of the total land area.

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

From the perspective of botany and ecology, all kinds of green vegetation play a variety of ecological and environmental functions such as forests to varying degrees. According to the principle of green equivalence, traditional land use can be divided into the following categories.

A) land with green equivalent. Including cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, other agricultural land and some unused land. Its ecological service mechanism is similar to that of forest and can be quantified. rule

g 1=0.50，g2= 1，g3=0.5 1，g4=0.42，g8=0.5，g9=0.42

B) Land with green equivalent. Mainly refers to the water area, which has the functions of landscape, adjusting atmospheric composition and purifying air, and is difficult to quantify. Because of the large proportion of aquaculture area, it is considered to be similar to paddy fields. that is

g5=0.5

C) Land without green equivalent. Including villages and towns, industrial and mining land, traffic land and some unused land, the green equivalent is zero. that is

g6=0，g7=0

Therefore, maxz 2 = (gixi)/sforest×100% can be transformed into the following form:

maxz 2 =(0.50 x 1+x2+0.5 1x 3+0.42 x4+0.5x 5+0.5x 8+0.42 x9)/5636 1. 16(4.47)

C. Social benefit objective function

It is difficult to quantify social benefits, so this study attempts to establish its objective function from relevant aspects. Social benefit evaluation indicators mainly include organizational system and urbanization level, per capita construction land, per capita cultivated land area and per capita net income. These indicators are closely related to cultivated land and construction land, and the following social benefit objective functions are established:

maxZ3 = x 1+x3+x4+X5+X6+x7+x9(4.48)

D. model solving

Objective function:

G economy (maximum):1.59x1+0.053x2+0.79x3+8.537x4+0.796x5+231.98x6+23/kloc-0.

G ecology (max): (0.50x1+x2+0.51x3+0.42x4+0.5x5+0.5x8+0.42x9)/56361.16.

G club (max): x1+x3+x4+X5+X6+X7+x9.

Constraints:

Study on soil erosion law, control mode and benefit evaluation in Henan water source area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

According to the constraint equation and objective function, three groups of non-inferior solutions are obtained by using the maximum modulus ideal point method and DP S statistical software, and three schemes of overall land use planning in Lushi County are obtained:

Scheme 1 takes objective function g economy as the head, scheme 2 takes objective function g ecology as the head, and scheme 3 takes objective function g society as the head. The results are as follows (Table 4.5):

Table 4.5 Land Use Structure of Different Targets (Unit: hm2)