Urban Greening Area in China

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In 2005, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, greening departments at all levels fully implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, sang the main theme of "people-oriented, building a green home together" in accordance with the requirements of building a harmonious socialist society, vigorously raised the awareness of greening, love for green, protection of green and promotion of green in the whole society, made efforts to promote the whole society's forestry and national greening, made efforts to promote the construction of key ecological projects, and made efforts to promote the integration of urban and rural greening. Strengthening the construction of green channels, strengthening the protection and management of ancient and famous trees, and making new achievements in land greening have laid a solid foundation for promoting China's ecological construction into a sound and rapid development period.

Afforestation and greening have developed rapidly. The afforestation area was 3,796,500 hectares, and 2,569,600 hectares were newly closed for afforestation. The qualified rate and preservation rate of afforestation have remained at a high level, the proportion of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and shrub afforestation has been further improved, forestry carbon sink, forest biomass energy and forest health have been developed one after another, forest species structure has been optimized, and forest quality has been significantly improved. The proportion of new afforestation exceeds 47.5%.

Significant achievements have been made in key forestry ecological projects. The natural forest protection project has built a total of public welfare forests 1 176900 hectares, and 95.33 million hectares of forests in the project area have been effectively managed. Since the implementation of the project, the forest area in the project area has increased by more than 8 million hectares, and the forest stock has increased by 460 million cubic meters, accounting for more than 43% of the national forest stock growth; Through various channels, 665,000 surplus workers were properly placed; The ecological situation in the project area has improved significantly, and the biodiversity has increased significantly.

The key shelterbelt system construction projects in the Three-North Region and the Yangtze River Basin have completed the afforestation task of 544,400 hectares, especially the coastal shelterbelt system construction. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, nearly 6 million hectares of key shelterbelts have been built in the Three North Areas and the Yangtze River Basin. According to the monitoring, 20% of the desertification land in the project area has been effectively controlled, 40% of the soil erosion area has been effectively controlled, and 65% of the farmland has been planted with trees.

The project of returning farmland to forests (including the part of returning farmland to Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project) completed afforestation of 845,900 hectares, afforestation of barren hills and wasteland suitable for forests of 65,438+0.3285 million hectares, and newly closed hillsides for afforestation of 65,438+0.10.0688 million hectares. At the same time, the development of follow-up industries has been strengthened. Since the implementation of the project, the total area of returning farmland to forests in China has reached 20.87 million hectares, including 8.68 million hectares of returning farmland to forests for afforestation, 6.5438+0084 million hectares of barren hills and wasteland suitable for afforestation, and 6.5438+035 million hectares of newly closed hills for afforestation, directly benefiting more than 30 million farmers and 6.5438+020 billion farmers.

The sandstorm source control project in Beijing and Tianjin completed 980,400 hectares of various control tasks, including 683,900 hectares of forestry construction tasks, 6,543,800 hectares of grassland control tasks, 96,900 hectares of small watershed control and 7,889 ecological immigrants. Since the implementation of the project, a total of10.73 million hectares (including 5.66 million hectares of grazing prohibition) have been completed, including 3,676,438+0.2 million hectares of forestry construction. Compared with 2000, the vegetation coverage of forest and grass in the project area increased by 30% on average, the sandstorm weather decreased by 17 days on average, and the days when inhalable particulate matter reached the standard in Beijing increased by 35%.

Remarkable achievements have been made in wildlife protection and nature reserve construction. National nature reserves 1 1 were added throughout the year; The rescue work of key endangered species was further strengthened, and 2/kloc-0 pandas were added in captivity, which was the year with the most reproduction and survival. In the four years since the implementation of the project, a total of 790 nature reserves have been built, and the number of nature reserves built and managed by forestry system has reached 1699, with an area of10.2 billion hectares, accounting for10.2% of the national land area, accounting for 80% of the national nature reserves respectively. At present, the proportion of nature reserves in China's land area exceeds the world average. Wetland protection has become a bright spot. At present, 473 wetland nature reserves have been established and 45% of natural wetlands have been effectively protected. The construction project of fast-growing and high-yield forest base in key areas completed the afforestation area of 77,900 hectares throughout the year. Since the implementation of the project, a total of 392,800 hectares of fast-growing forests have been built nationwide.

The nationwide voluntary tree planting campaign was carried out in depth. General Secretary Hu Jintao and other central leading comrades took the lead in setting an example and participating in voluntary tree planting. * * * The activities of planting trees by ministers of the Republic of China, planting trees by 100 generals and planting trees by party and government leaders at all levels have effectively promoted the nationwide voluntary tree planting campaign. The construction of voluntary tree planting bases has been further strengthened, and the activities of planting memorial trees and building memorial forests have been widely carried out and become a common practice, which has become an important content of green civilization construction. The forms of voluntary tree planting have been continuously expanded, and green space adoption, protection of ancient and famous trees and voluntary publicity and greening have been included in the category of voluntary tree planting. According to statistics, 540 million people participated in voluntary tree planting, 2.23 billion trees were planted, and more than 65.438+0.4 million voluntary tree planting bases were built. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, 2.75 billion people participated in voluntary tree planting, 654.38+02.04 billion trees were planted, and more than 60,000 voluntary tree planting bases were built.

The pace of urban greening has accelerated. Many cities combine road construction, river regulation and old city reconstruction to carry out greening work, effectively increasing the green area; Street, community and unit garden creation activities were carried out in depth; The rapid advancement of urban-rural greening integration has injected new vitality into urban development. At present, the urban green coverage rate has reached 3 1.66%, and the green coverage area of urban built-up area is 963,000 hectares, with a per capita green area of 7.39 square meters. Urban forest construction is in the ascendant, and most provincial capital cities have incorporated urban forest construction into the overall urban planning. The second China Urban Forest Forum was successfully held, and Shenyang was awarded the title of "National Forest City".

Remarkable achievements have been made in grassland protection and construction. By the end of 2005, the contracted management area of grassland households reached more than 200 million hectares, accounting for 70% of the available grassland area; The total reserved area for planting grass in China exceeds 267,000 hectares, grassland fences exceed 333,000 hectares, and the national grazing prohibition area exceeds 333,000 hectares; 20 million livestock have been kept in captivity and more than 2 million tons of hay products have been produced. The mode of production relying on natural grazing in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas is changing. The vegetation in the project area of returning grazing to grassland has been obviously restored, the forage yield has increased by more than 40%, and the grassland ecology has been obviously improved.

The green channel project progressed steadily. The construction of green channel project adheres to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, being as wide as possible and as narrow as possible. It also adheres to the requirements of synchronous planning, synchronous construction and synchronous acceptance with the main project, and adheres to the direction of close integration with rural industrial structure adjustment, farmers' income increase and key ecological engineering construction. Qi Xin, a number of departments (systems), worked together and cooperated closely, which effectively promoted the smooth progress of green channel construction. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the mileage of national green passage construction reached more than 500,000 kilometers; Green area of lakes and reservoirs 17920 hectares, and greening along the river 18650 kilometers. The national railway business line is 6 1 1,000 kilometers, Yilin railway is 37,300 kilometers, and the greening standard is 20,300 kilometers.

The greening function of the department is obvious. In accordance with the requirements of the division of labor and responsibility system, all departments have further strengthened organizational leadership and increased investment, which has become an indispensable and important force in land greening. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the railway system participated in 9.963 million person-times of voluntary tree planting activities, planted 38.439 million trees, and built 62 voluntary tree planting bases 1752 hectares. The water conservancy department has voluntarily planted more than 9.4 million trees/kloc-0, afforested barren hills, ditches and beaches/kloc-0.6 million hectares, and courtyard greening has more than 870 hectares. * * * The Communist Youth League and other departments organized activities such as "Protecting Mother River", which had a strong social response. Women's federations and other departments persisted in organizing and implementing the "March 8th Green Project", which effectively improved women's production skills and abilities. The People's Liberation Army has always been at the forefront of voluntary tree planting, vigorously carrying out afforestation and greening in deserts, wasteland and barren hills. In recent years, more than 6.5438+0.3 million hectares of trees have been planted every year, which has strongly supported the local greening work. The average green space rate in the armed police force camp is over 32%. The petroleum system insists on improving the ecological environment of the mining area as an important content of the construction of the petroleum mining area, and the green coverage rate reaches 23.8%.

Efforts have been made to protect resources. In 2005, the management of requisition and occupation of forest land in China became more and more standardized, the area of forest land certification exceeded 90%, the management level of forest harvesting was obviously improved, and the monitoring of forest resources in China made remarkable progress, and the investigation rate of forest administrative cases reached 98.30%. More than 4,000 cases of grassland destruction were investigated and dealt with throughout the year, and the protection of resources was significantly strengthened.

The national forest police investigated and dealt with 205,239 administrative and criminal cases, punished 27 1.805 criminals, confiscated 90 1.600 cubic meters of wood, 0.93 million wild animals/kloc-0 and 32,974 wild animal products. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, a series of centralized and unified actions such as "Falcon Action", "Spring Thunder Action" and "Green Sword Action" were successively carried out, which effectively curbed the high incidence of illegal crimes in forests and wildlife resources.

There were 1 1524 forest fires in the whole year, and the affected forest area was 7370 1 hectare, and 92 people died as a result of the fire. There were more than 500 grassland fires, and the affected grassland area was 50,000 hectares, and the losses remained at a low level.

The main forest diseases and insect pests in China have an occurrence area of 9.33 million hectares and a control area of 7 million hectares, with a control rate of 75%, of which the pollution-free control rate is 64% and the disaster rate is 5‰. The control area of agricultural grassland pests and diseases is 9.53 million hectares, reducing economic losses by nearly 654.38 billion yuan.

The protection and management of ancient and famous trees were further strengthened, and the work of registration and filing, fence listing, remote monitoring, publicity and education was solidly promoted. The survey results show that there are more than 5 1000 first-class ancient trees (more than 500 years), 0/043 million second-class ancient trees (300-500 years) and 0/753 million third-class ancient trees (100-300 years) in China.

Green industry is developing rapidly. The total output value of forestry industry reached 726.9 billion yuan, an increase of 37.6 billion yuan over the previous year. The output of wood-based panels ranks first in the world. At present, the total area of economic forests has reached 25.73 million hectares, an increase of 29% over the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The total output of forest products reached 94 million tons, an increase of 36.5% over the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The national flower planting area exceeds 640,000 hectares, and the annual output value exceeds 43 1 100 million yuan. The bamboo forest area exceeds 4.8 million hectares, an increase of 15% compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the country produced 654.38 billion 260 million kilograms of various forest seeds and 654.38 billion 549 million qualified seedlings. The seed supply rate and improved seed utilization rate in forest base have increased from 30% and 20% at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 37% and 43% at present. The proportion of social seedling raising has increased from 65% at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 80% at present.

In 2005, great achievements have been made in land greening, but there are still many outstanding contradictions and problems. First, the serious shortage, uneven distribution and low quality of forest resources in China have not been fundamentally reversed. The trend of "local improvement and overall deterioration" of grassland ecological environment has not been effectively curbed, and problems such as land desertification, soil erosion, wetland degradation and biodiversity reduction are still serious. Second, with the development of economy and society, the demand for a variety of forest products and livestock products is growing, the gap is growing, and the pressure on land greening is growing. Third, deforestation happens from time to time, and the awareness of ecological protection needs to be further improved. At the same time, the consciousness rate of voluntary tree planting is still relatively low, and the realization form of voluntary tree planting needs to be further expanded; The long-term mechanism of greening needs to be further established and improved. China's land greening has a long way to go.