How can the poverty alleviation industry flourish?

Rural revitalization is inseparable from industrial prosperity. Similarly, the stable poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas is also inseparable from industry. Poor areas usually have poor natural conditions and weak agricultural foundation, and poor people usually have weak self-development ability and low risk resistance ability. There is a contradiction between the low starting point of reality and the high requirements of modern agricultural industry. How to find a suitable industry in poverty-stricken areas, how to establish a more efficient organizational form, and how to mobilize the enthusiasm of various market players, our reporter went deep into poverty-stricken areas and closely observed the practical exploration of realizing industrial prosperity.

A radish makes Yi Nationality Village rich. Paper Factory Village, Ironmaking Township, Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, is a cold village with an altitude of nearly 3,000 meters. I used to grow potatoes, but I was still so poor. Today, the village has planted 2,000 mu of wasabi, benefiting 397 households, including 8 1 household for poverty-stricken households with established files. Last year, the village earned 6 million yuan from selling wild vegetables, with an average of more than 4,000 yuan per mu. Wild vegetables have become rich dishes in ethnic mountainous areas.

"Our family can get rid of poverty without the cooperation of Kunming Sichuan University Company and Yu Canhui in the village." Lu Jiesan of Lujia Formation in Zhichang Village said, "Without enterprises, this vegetable can't be sold. Without cooperatives, this vegetable can't be planted, and poverty alleviation is even more hopeless."

The road of industrial poverty alleviation in Zhichang Village is "planted and sold", which is the epitome of Yunnan, a poor province in the border ethnic mountainous areas. How does modern agriculture take root in the hinterland? How can thousands of years of "poor bones" provoke the burden of getting rich? The experience of the south of Caiyun is to persist in developing cooperative economy and promote farmers' organization. Recently, Yunnan Province decided to let the new rural cooperative medical system cover all poverty-stricken households with established files, paving the way for 4.47 million poor people to get rich.

Cooperatives not only provide unified services, but also have greater market discourse power, linking small production and big market.

The development of Yunnan plateau characteristic agriculture faces two situations at the same time: first, abundant resources, species conditions in the biological world, climate, light and heat diversity above 100 m to 6000 m, and good ecological environment make Yunnan plateau characteristic agriculture flourish; On the other hand, mountainous and semi-mountainous areas in Yunnan account for 94% of the country's land area, and the foundation of agricultural facilities is weak, especially the problems of comprehensive and quality poverty in mountainous areas are prominent, and the people in mountainous areas lack market awareness and experience.

"The development of new business entities is lagging behind, and small production is out of touch with the big market, which has become the biggest bottleneck restricting the income of poor people." The main leaders of Lincang said during the communication in the whole province that "the innovation of agricultural production and operation organization is the core and foundation of promoting modern agriculture." In recent years, in order to solve the contradiction between the high demand of modern agriculture and the low realistic starting point, Yunnan rural cooperative economic organizations have shown an accelerated development trend. According to the statistics of agricultural departments, by the end of 20 16, there were 44,000 farmers' cooperatives in the province, an increase of 25% over the previous year. More than 1.93 million farmers joined the cooperative, and more than 40% of them directly benefited from the cooperative.

In rural areas, there are various forms of professional cooperative organizations. There are "all-round" talents to establish a cooperative, and large professional households and brokers unite farmers in the same industrial chain to establish cooperatives; There is a "block-type" base establishment, that is, relying on the production and marketing advantages of industrial bases to form cooperatives, mostly led by enterprises; There are also associations or cooperatives established by village-level organizations.

Taking industrial development as the carrier, Yunnan guides leading enterprises, agricultural cooperatives, family farms, large professional households and other business entities to establish close interest relations with farmers from house to house through various forms such as production cooperation, stock cooperation and labor service cooperation. In addition to handing over agricultural products on their own land to cooperatives for unified sales, with the promotion of land circulation and industrial poverty alleviation projects, more and more joint-stock cooperation and labor cooperation are emerging in Yunling.

Huize county is a poverty-stricken county. At present, there are 160 professional breeding cooperatives here. These cooperatives have established the "three meetings" governance structure of members' assembly, board of directors and board of supervisors according to law, and their internal management is different. They implemented the unified management of "seedlings, materials, technology management, processing classification, purchase and sale" for farmers, which solved the dilemma of "small scattered and weak" in traditional agriculture. Liang Zhiqiang, secretary of Huize County Party Committee, said: "With the vigorous development of cooperative economy, Huize will raise another 500,000 pigs by 20 19."

The person in charge of the "foreign beauty" platycodon grandiflorum cooperative in Yuxi Tonghai introduced that there are many benefits for flower farmers to join the cooperative. Through unified procurement, members invested less than 3,000 yuan per mu last year; Cooperatives have a broad market and can talk business with buyers on an equal footing. After most flower farmers joined the cooperative, their income more than doubled. Through self-management education, cooperatives not only cultivate local talents who know how to manage, but also cultivate new farmers who are in line with the market.

Financial incentives, financial support and effective supervision of agricultural funds will escort the development of cooperatives.

"New rural cooperative economies such as cooperatives can effectively solve the' last mile' problem of modern agriculture in rural development." The relevant person in charge of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture said, "But compared with developed regions, the development level of Yunnan's cooperative economy is still relatively low, and it is urgent for the government to' help the horse'."

In recent 10 years, Yunnan Province has been vigorously supporting the development of rural cooperative economy. Last year, the provincial government issued a special opinion to promote the standardized development of farmers' cooperatives, proposing that by 2020, the number of farmers' cooperatives in the province will reach more than 60,000, the participation rate of farmers will reach more than 30%, and 654.38+0,000 demonstration cooperatives at or above the county level will be cultivated. This year, in order to promote industrial poverty alleviation through cooperative economy, regulations have been issued to give 200,000 yuan to farmers' cooperatives, family farms and large professional households that drive more than 50 poor households.

Various cities and counties in Yunnan have also introduced policies to support and standardize the development of cooperative economy. Dali raised 65.438+0.6 billion yuan, and established 665.438+0.7 "mutual aid societies" according to the standard of not less than 300,000 yuan per village, so that farmers have their own banks; The supervision office of the county commission for discipline inspection closely follows the use of agricultural funds. From 1 to September this year, 1 16 clues in the field of poverty alleviation were completed in Quanzhou, which also escorted the development of cooperatives. Lincang cooperated with 32 financial institutions to provide loans of 5 1 100 million yuan for new business entities. Zhaotong City cooperated with the Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Group to set up a municipal agricultural investment company, and cooperatives and leading enterprises with strong local flavor became cooperative partners.

In luxi county, Honghe Prefecture, half of the farmers have joined the cooperative. The county issued a plan to promote the full coverage of cooperatives through administrative management. The county finance took out 65.438 billion yuan to integrate agricultural capital projects and established a financing platform to "transfusion" the cooperatives. The county also encourages cooperatives to strive for policy support and external financing, convert cooperative loans into shares, and members voluntarily participate in shares to ensure capital preservation and interest payment, thus activating a pool of rural finance.

Under the nourishment of various fund projects "sunshine and rain", a large number of rural cooperative economic organizations in Yunnan have continued to grow and develop. Qixin Cattle Raising Cooperative in Daguan County, Zhaotong City was founded on 20 1 1, and has been benefiting from government project funding since then. In 20 14, it was supported by the Southern Grassland Animal Husbandry Project; in 20 15, it was awarded the poverty alleviation project of "Promoting the whole village in administrative villages" 1 10,000 yuan; in 20 16, it was awarded to the existing members of Qi Xin Cooperative160 people, and its output value exceeded at the end of last year.

Promote industrial poverty alleviation according to local conditions, and industrial income accounts for more than 50% of the income of poor families.

There are more than 4.47 million poor people in Yunnan and 88 poverty-stricken counties, ranking first in the country. There are 27 poverty-stricken counties, and the incidence of poverty in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is as high as 30%. The illiteracy rate and semi-illiteracy rate of the poor population in Yunnan province reached 12.4%, of which only 3.4% had a high school education or above. Self-development ability and motivation can be imagined. On the battlefield of poverty alleviation, cooperative economy has great potential to attract poor households to participate in poverty alleviation and reduce their market risks.

Developing industry is the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty. In order to speed up the transformation from "blood transfusion poverty alleviation" to "hematopoietic poverty alleviation", the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government intend to introduce the idea of industrial precision poverty alleviation, and put innovative assistance models and developing cooperative economy in an important position. In Zhaotong City, where the poor population accounts for14 of the whole province, we should combine industrial development with strengthening the party's grass-roots organizations and developing cooperatives, and make great efforts to improve the degree of farmers' organization, so as to standardize the organization and support branding with standardization.

A small pepper tree makes a big industry rich. In Ludian County, Zhaotong City, the output value of more than 200,000 mu of pepper reached more than 700 million yuan. In Longtoushan Town, the epicenter of Ludian earthquake, nearly 15% of the poor people are related to the pepper industry. The town promoted the model of "company+cooperative+base+farmer" and won more than 3 million yuan to support leading processing enterprises, thus solving the sales difficulties. "Small Zanthoxylum bungeanum" not only supports post-disaster reconstruction, but also drives poor households to increase their income by more than 5 million yuan, with an average household income of 1 10,000 yuan.

There are five people in Sanyi's family in Greenfield, Dali Paper Factory Village, and 20 13 is a poor household with a file. After joining Shancai Cooperative, 20 15 got rid of poverty. Since last year, Dali has injected more than 6 billion yuan of industrial poverty alleviation funds, and all poor households with working ability have industrial assistance projects. The average industrial income accounts for 55% of the household income of poor households, which drives more than 300,000 people to increase their income. The annual per capita income is 1720 yuan. Among them, there is the shadow of cooperative economy.

Now, at 8 o'clock every morning, the old couple Hang Jiuzhi, a poor household in Huize County, will go to the cooperative to "go to work" and earn more than 200 yuan a day. Gao Juzhen, who works with Hang Jiuzhi, also took off the hat of poor households. She rented more than 40 acres of mountainous areas that depend on the weather to the cooperative, and added 50,000 yuan of industrial poverty alleviation loans to share dividends in the cooperative. Recently, the whole family is discussing building a new house.