What were the main tasks in the early days of the People's Republic of China?

At the beginning of the founding of New China, due to the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism and the long-term war, the social economy was very backward and seriously damaged. Therefore, from 1949 to 1952, the central task of new China is to consolidate the new people's political power and quickly restore the national economy.

First, the situation in the early days of the founding of New China

1949 in the early days of the founding of new China, compared with the highest year in history, the total industrial output value dropped by 50%, including heavy industry by 70%, light industry by 30%, coal production by 48% and steel production by more than 80%. Grain production decreased by nearly 1/4, and cotton production decreased by 48%. Only the railway line of nearly 1 10,000 kilometers was opened to traffic, and more than 3,200 bridges were seriously damaged.

Because the Kuomintang government issued money indiscriminately in the early stage, inflation was vicious and market prices soared. During the period of 1949, there were about 4 million unemployed people in cities and 40 million victims in rural areas, and people's lives were extremely difficult.

Second, the measures taken in the early days of the founding of New China

1, stabilize prices

It was only half a month when people were still immersed in the joy of founding ceremony. 10- 15, North China was led by grain, while Shanghai was led by yarn, and prices began to rise sharply. The prices of gauze and grain have all increased by more than two times in one month, and some commodities have increased by five or six times.

Since the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, prices have been a particularly sensitive issue for the people, and people's hearts began to fluctuate. This is a big problem that affects whether the people's political power can stand on its feet. Under the unified control of Comrade Chen Yun, the State Council took effective measures to basically stabilize prices.

2. Unemployment benefits

In cities, the relief of the unemployed has become a matter of great concern to the public. Old China left a huge army of unemployed people. In the early days of the founding of New China, in the process of economic restructuring, some factories that did not meet the needs of society closed down, further increasing the number of unemployed people. Of the more than 65438+3000 private factories in Shanghai, only14 are employed, and the life of the unemployed is extremely difficult.

The government affairs meeting discussed this issue twice. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that after the establishment of the people's political power and the fundamental solution of the land problem, the central task of the Party is to "mobilize all forces to restore and develop the cause of production", which is the center of all work. By the end of September, 1950, more than half of the unemployed workers and intellectuals in China had received relief.

Step 3 deal with natural disasters

After the founding of New China, natural disasters were very serious, most of which were floods. 1949 flooded area121560,000 mu, with 40 million people affected. The next year, it rained heavily for seven days in northern Anhui, and the Huaihe River burst again. There is a piece of Wang Yang on both sides of the Jin-Pu Railway, with 3 1 10,000 mu of flooded farmland and 9.95 million people affected. Many people crowded into pieces of highlands and even climbed trees to survive.

Comrade Mao Zedong shed tears when he saw the report that the affected people were killed by poisonous snakes when they climbed trees, and wrote an inscription "The Huaihe River must be built". Comrade Zhou Enlai said at the government meeting: "Floods must be treated. If the land is not waterlogged, it will be dry, and if it is not changed, it will be useless. " This was a big move that affected the overall situation at that time. After the work of harnessing the Huaihe River was carried out in an all-round way, it soon achieved results.

4. Restore the transportation industry.

At the beginning of 1949 and 1950, the emphasis was first placed on railway reconstruction. With the efforts of all railway workers, from 65438 to 0949, more than 8300 kilometers of railways and 27 15 bridges were repaired in one year. From 65438 to 0950, the repaired railway reached 14000 kilometers, the original railway was basically unblocked, and roads, water transport and aviation were also restored, which played an important role in the rapid recovery of the whole economy.

5. Ensure agricultural production.

The people's government has taken many measures, the most important of which is to implement land reform and develop mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production. 1950 In June, the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated.

By August of 1952, except for minority areas, the land reform in the whole country was basically completed, which eliminated the feudal exploitation system for thousands of years and liberated agricultural productivity. On this basis, guide farmers to organize themselves on the basis of voluntary and mutual benefit and take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation.

Extended data

Achievements in the early days of the founding of New China

1. 1950 promulgated the "land reform law", which comprehensively implemented the land system reform in the vast new liberated areas, completely eliminated the feudal land ownership that lasted for thousands of years, and enabled the 300 million landless farmers in China to obtain about 700 million mu of land and a large number of means of production and means of subsistence free of charge.

Second, bad social customs have been changed. The first law promulgated in New China was the Marriage Law, which stipulated monogamy and equality of rights between men and women, abolished arranged forced marriage, and prohibited concubinage, child bride, interference with the widow's freedom of marriage and other bad habits. The party and the government have also made great efforts to clean up the muddy water left over from the old society: abolishing the prostitute system; Smoking opium is prohibited; Eliminate hooligans and underworld gangs and so on.

With the efforts of the whole nation, it took only three years to complete the task of restoring the national economy. By the end of 1952, the ratio of total industrial and agricultural output value to 1949 had increased by 77.5%. Among them, the total industrial output value increased by 145%, the total agricultural output value increased by 48.5%, and the output of main products greatly exceeded the highest annual output before the founding of the People's Republic of China.

4. Great changes have taken place in the socio-economic structure. The privileges of imperialism in China were abolished, bureaucratic capital was confiscated and feudal land ownership was eliminated.

By the end of 1952, the proportion of various economic components in national income production was: socialist state-owned economy accounted for 19. 1%, collective ownership economy accounted for 1.5%, public-private partnership economy accounted for 0.7%, capitalist economy accounted for 6.9%, and individual economy (mainly