Brief introduction of Roman history

1. The Roman Empire (27 BC-A.D. 1453, the western Roman Empire perished in 476, and the eastern Roman Empire perished in 1453) is a great empire with the Mediterranean as the center and spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. Its official name is the Senate and the Roman people (Latin: senā tus populusque r not mā nus. The Roman Empire was a stage of ancient Roman civilization.

Second, the expansion of the Roman Republic has made Rome surpass the concept of city-state and become a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-cultural country around the Mediterranean. In 27 BC, the Senate awarded Gaius Octavius the title of "Augustus", and the Roman Republic entered the imperial era.

3. During the reign of Trajan (1998-1 17), the Roman Empire reached its peak, with unprecedented economic prosperity and the largest territory: Spain, Gaul and Britain in the west, the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in the east, North Africa in the south and the Rhine and Danube in the north. At its peak, the Mediterranean became an imperial inland sea, with a control area of about 5 million square kilometers.

In 4.395, Theodosius I divided the empire between his two sons. Since then, the Roman Empire has been divided into two parts, and it is permanently divided. In 4 10, Germanic visigoths entered Italy under the leadership of alaric, besieged Rome, opened the city gates with the cooperation of slaves in the city, plundered and left, and then established the visigoth kingdom in the Western Roman Empire. In 476, the leader of Roman mercenaries, German Odoac, deposed the last emperor of western Rome, and the western Rome came to an end. After the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered the Middle Ages for nearly a thousand years.

Extended data:

The national history of the Romans

The history of the Romans began in the Tiber River in central Italy: Contemporary historians infer that Rome was founded around 600 BC, and the real urban form of Rome was in the 6th century BC.

A country with the highest honor.

The nobility of a horse only means having honor, not having wealth.

In the 3rd century 80 BC, when Pirus the Great accepted the Roman mission, he learned that the head of the mission, Fei Brisi, was quite powerful in Rome, but his family was poor. He joked that if Fabrizia didn't want to, he would take him to Virus to enjoy the splendor. Instead of Bliscia's serious answer, "King, your friends and yourself can't take away my independence. I think my poverty is happier than all the wealth of you worried kings. "

At the same time, the nobility had no ambition to seize power.

* * * At the beginning of the peace system, there was a foreign invasion. Due to the urgency of the situation, according to the Roman system at that time, the Senate decided to elect a dictator (who had the highest power in Rome during this period), and the aristocrat Kenchinatos took over this burden. It took him 16 days to defeat the enemy, and then he disarmed and returned to the battlefield. Even Engels praised him as "a model of true civic virtue and unusually simple and noble selfless spirit" (>)

Rights and obligations of class

Rome divided citizens (whether nobles or civilians) into seven grades. Although this distinction is based on personal property, it is completely different from other countries' practice of determining the quality of identity by the amount of property. This division is just like the "golden collar, white collar and blue collar" in modern society, and it does not despise the poor.

According to the Roman system, the higher the property, the heavier the military service. For example, the richest first class should provide 1800 cavalry and 8000 heavy infantry (with their own weapons); The poorest level 7 only needs to provide a reserve of 500 people. (The above data are * * * and preliminary, and will be changed according to the specific situation later).

In Rome, more than 55% of the soldiers come from the first and second grades. In wartime, they should be prepared to sacrifice at any time; Even without war, we should build public facilities for Rome. In early Rome, irrigation and drainage systems, arenas and theaters were all built by soldiers.

It can be said that in Rome at that time, the rich had power, but at the same time they had to do more obligations; The duty of the poor is to get rich.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Roman Empire