There are many marriages between Manchu and Mongolia in history. Why didn't Mongolia support the Qing Dynasty when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China?

The relationship between Qing Dynasty and Mongolia is a much-told story about the Central Plains Dynasty's handling of northern minorities. Since ancient times, when dealing with the relationship with the nomadic people in the north, the Central Plains dynasty generally had two ways of attacking relatives. Of course, the Qing dynasty also adopted these two methods when dealing with Mongolia. For those Mongolian tribes who were unwilling to submit and repeatedly provoked the central government, such as the Junggar khanate, the Qing Dynasty focused on cracking down. For Mongolian tribes who were willing to submit, the Qing dynasty adopted the method of kinship.

However, the Qing dynasty's closeness to Mongolia is different from that adopted by previous dynasties in history. In history, the affinity of the Central Plains dynasty was at most one or two. If the princess is old and dead, she will choose another one. Moreover, the marriage in the Qing Dynasty was not just a marriage, but a marriage. The royal family of the Qing Dynasty will marry all their princesses to the Mongolian grassland and the princes on the grassland. It can be said that the royal family in Qing Dynasty maintained a very close relationship with the royal family on Mongolian grassland.

Since the royal family of Qing Dynasty maintained a very close relationship with the vassals of Mongolian grassland, why didn't the vassals of Mongolian grassland lead troops to rescue when the Qing Dynasty was invaded by Eight-Nation Alliance?

First, the Mongolian grassland is very weak. The weak strength of Mongolian grassland was actually caused by the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the Qing dynasty did not allow a unified regime on Mongolian grasslands, nor did Genghis Khan unify Mongolia. Therefore, the management system implemented on the grassland is the league flag system. Although there are Mongolian princes, and Mongolian princes are hereditary. But in the Qing Dynasty, there were many Mongolian princes on the grassland, which ensured that no Mongolian prince could grow up.

On the other hand, the Mongols were basically unable to take charge of their own troops, and the central government sent the Manchu General Wuliyatai to lead troops to all parts of Mongolia to control it. This is not only to prevent the tribes on the Mongolian grassland from scuffling with each other, but also to avoid which Mongolia can rise and a new Genghis Khan appears. In other words, Mongolians don't have many troops of their own on Mongolian grasslands. Since they don't have many troops of their own, when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, where did they get the troops to help the central government?

Second, Manchu's influence on grassland declined in the late Qing Dynasty. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the influence of Manchu central government on Mongolian grassland has been seriously weakened. The serious decline was mainly due to the repeated defeats of the Qing Dynasty in the war with western powers. Specific to the Mongolian grassland, it is the strong expansion of Russia. Due to the continuous occupation of Russia, more and more land in Mongolia was cut off by the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Tongzhi, China and Russia signed the Summary of Northwest Border Reconnaissance.

In this treaty, Altai Nur Wulianghai Second Banner, as well as parts of Tangnuu Liang Hai, were separated by Russia. Subsequently, from the eighth year of Tongzhi to the ninth year of Tongzhi, China and Russia successively signed the Border Treaty of Ulyasutai, Cobudo and Talbahatai, which divided a large area of Mongolia. The land of Mongolian grassland was cut to Russia many times, which made Mongolian grassland extremely dissatisfied with the central government of Manchu, so the influence of Manchu on Mongolian grassland was greatly reduced. When the influence of Manchu central government on Mongolian grassland declined, even if they had soldiers, they were unwilling to lead troops to help Manchu central government.

Third, the "New Deal" of Qing Dynasty in Mongolia failed during Guangxu period. During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, inspired by the success of Zuo's policy in Xinjiang, and in order to alleviate the domestic pressure, the so-called "New Deal" was implemented in Mongolia (mainly outer Mongolia). The content of this "new deal" is a large number of immigrants, moving the Manchu and Han residents in the mainland to Mongolia to reclaim land. At the same time, various organs have been set up in Mongolia to strengthen management. A large number of mainland residents moved to Mongolian grasslands, which made local residents in Mongolia very dissatisfied.

At the same time, a large number of institutions greatly increased the burden of local residents in Mongolia, and also reduced the power of Mongolian governors on the grassland. Therefore, Mongolian princes and local residents expressed serious dissatisfaction. This also led to Mongolia's separation from the central government at the instigation of Russia. Because of their dissatisfaction with the central government of the Qing Dynasty, how could they support Eight-Nation Alliance when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded? Fourth, when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, there were few diligent kings in China.

When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded, it wasn't just Mongolian grasslands that didn't lead the troops to be loyal to the king, but few people in all parts of the country were loyal to the king. Even in the southern provinces, the governors of Liangjiang, Fujian and Zhejiang, Huguang, Guangdong and Guangxi, and Shandong signed the Southeast Mutual Protection Agreement, refusing to carry out the imperial orders and not going to war with foreigners. On the one hand, the southeast is dissatisfied with Empress Dowager Cixi's connivance of Boxer foreigners; On the other hand, officials and wealthy businessmen in these places want to preserve their strength. Even if the southeast region does not enter Beijing, what help will it have to Mongolian grassland? (Reference:

From Mongolia to Qing Dynasty: the rise and continuation of nomadic empire, etc. )