The origin of flower surname

Fahrenheit's "Tongzhi Shilu" contains: Fahrenheit originated from He. Note of Hundred Family Names: The flower surname is Fahrenheit, and there is no flower character in ancient times, so it is often used as China. The later special flower is a flower of flowers and plants, so the surname of China people has also been changed to Hua surname. In the Qing Dynasty, the book Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu: Huazi originated from Huazi before the Northern Dynasties and was later changed by later generations. The Origin of Surnames in China contains: Another flower surname is a descendant of Zhou Wenwang. Before the Tang Dynasty, some people with Chinese surnames changed themselves to Chinese surnames because they were common with Chinese surnames. Except for Mulan, a heroine of the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, the earliest celebrity named Hua was discovered in the Tang Dynasty.

Origin one

Originated from the surname Ji and descended from the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a phonetic error, and the surname is changed to the surname. According to the history book "Hundred Family Names", the Chinese family was Fahrenheit, but there was no Chinese character in ancient times. It was all about China. The later special flower is a flower among flowers, so the surname of China people has also been changed to Fahrenheit. Duan Yucai, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, commented in Notes on Shuowen Jiezi that Huazi originated in the Northern Dynasty, and the Huazi in the previous book was changed by later generations. According to the Textual Research on the Origin of China's Surname, there is another descendant whose surname is Yes. Before the Tang Dynasty, people with China surname shared Chinese characters. Because the pronunciation of the two characters was similar, they changed to Chinese surname. Therefore, Fahrenheit is also in the same strain as Fahrenheit. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, the meaning of this word was slightly different. Flowers are more used as nouns to represent flowers of objects, while flowers are more used as adjectives to describe Guanghua. So Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit are gradually different at this time.

In addition to the famous heroine Hua Mulan, who had a folk legend in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, such as Historical Records of Yi Shu, General Records and Clan Records, the earliest flower celebrity was discovered in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a foreign minister named Hua in the Tang Dynasty, who was the first historical figure in the historical records, and then there was General Ding and others. Most people in Fahrenheit respect the sum of flower seasons as the ancestor of surnames.

Liu Yuan 2

Originated from the Yi people, from the Tang Dynasty, Li Po, Li Po and Hu Ling were both sinicized, and their surnames were changed to surname. The origin of Chinese surname is unknown in past dynasties, and there are many legends. Zheng Qiao, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty, recorded in Tongzhi Genealogy that there were flowers in Tang Dynasty, Chengdu and Song Dynasty. And quoted the record of "Shi Yuan": Where did China come from? He Chengtian, a famous scholar in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, did record the origin of the Chinese surname in Jiayuan. As for why to change to China? But there is nothing to steam. Recently, some scholars said that it was changed to Hua because of its similar pronunciation. In fact, before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were almost no Hua characters in Chinese characters, only Guo characters were used, and then Chinese characters were commonly used according to homophones.

Textual research in the ancient book "Tang Yun Gu Yin": The word "Hua Zi" has not been seen in books since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but was used casually in books below the Jin Dynasty or changed by later generations. Only the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Li Xie Style Fu, says:? Trees first move in spring and color, while grass blooms in the new year. ? Another cloud:? The purpose of engraving is the glory of literature and art? Hanako is very common in China. The Five Classics, the philosophers, the songs of Chu and the books of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties were all handed down from ancient Chinese, but Fan Hua's Chinese characters have not been regarded as flowers. At the beginning of March in the second year of Guangkai, Emperor Gao created more than 1,000 new words, which won far and near prizes. He thinks that compared with flower-shaped words, new words were not created in Wei and Jin Dynasties! According to the textual research of this book, the pronunciation similarity of He is debatable: with the word "He", one is the opening sound and the other is the stress, and it is impossible to pronounce it similarly in any case.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the pronunciation of Chinese characters was H ē (?ㄜ), that is, big. In all kinds of phonological classics, Chinese characters are often used to assist phonetic notation, and occasionally Chinese characters are used for phonetic notation. The surname of the Great Hall does exist, which comes from the official name of Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Great Hall of the Kingdom. It is recorded in the history book "Biography of Sui Shu Boli" that the official said that he was the only one who did evil, and the second one was the one who did evil. Bolivia is today's Brunei Darussalam, or Brunei for short. The only evil is the then prime minister; And Du He's Gui is a general term for general ministers. In the 12th year of Daye (AD 6 16), Guo sent envoys to pay tribute, but was later abandoned. However, courtiers often trade with Chinese people, and those who stay on the southeast coast take official names as surnames, which are passed down from generation to generation. Today, there are still descendants in Zhangzhou, Fujian, who are called He's and pronounced H \ ē (\.

Geographical Records of the Tang Dynasty also recorded place names: Hu Ling Kingdom is located in the southeast sea of Guangzhou. According to the historical book "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty", there are characters and ephemeris in Daling. The king lived in Gaopo City, and his ancestor Yanji moved eastward to Bulugasi City, belonging to 28 countries. The Kingdom of Hu Ling is the Huling Island recorded in the Buddhist Chronicle of the Tang Dynasty: in the middle of Li Zhilin's reign in Tang Gaozong (AD 664-665), a monk Huining from Chengdu, Yizhou sailed to Huling Island for three years. After translating the Great Nirvana Sutra with Jonah Potala, a famous monk from Huling, the young monk was sent back to Beijing in the Tang Dynasty. Daling is Indonesia today. Since then, Buddhism between the two countries has been close, and commercial ports have been exchanged. During the Tang Dynasty, a large number of Ku Ling people stayed in the Central Plains and coastal areas. According to the custom of China people, they take the country name as their surname, which is called Guo and Fahrenheit and passed down from generation to generation. Today, there are still descendants in Quanzhou, Fujian, Qiongzhou, Hainan and Beihai, Guangxi.

The correct pronunciation of this branch of Chinese surname is H ē (?ㄜ), and today's pronunciation is

Liu Yuan 3

It originated from the Jurchen nationality, from the place where Jurchen Shu Lu lived for a long time in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and belonged to the sinicization and surname change. During the Jin Dynasty, Fan Yongji, a subordinate of Zhao Fan, the royal family of Minchong County in the Southern Song Dynasty, changed to Fahrenheit, and his descendants in the Sui Dynasty called Fahrenheit so far. Fan Yongji, whose real name is Lu Jiuzhu, is a jurchen. Lu Jiuju, a Shu Shu native, originally belonged to the Southern Song Dynasty, and belonged to Zhao Fan, commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition of the Southern Song Dynasty royal family and king of Minchong County. He is good at clever tactics, so he uses Han's name as a model. Zhao Fan often scolds him because his surname is Fan, which touches his taboo. However, Fan still uses discipline to deal with it as usual. Zhao Fan realized very early that his situation was very consistent with his wishes, so he was promoted to be a confidant, obedient and unquestionable, and changed his surname, promoted him to Qiu, and sent him to guard (originally from danjiangkou city, Hubei Province, now submerged under Danjiang Reservoir), and later called Hua Yongji. Yan Jing 'ai Zong Hongshou Xu Tianxing two years (AD 1233), in the third month of the lunar calendar, Hua Yongji killed all the governors and sent money and food to the Mongolian army, so he returned it to the account of Wokuotai, a marshal of the northern Mongolia. Unexpectedly, Hua Yongji's own family falsely accused him of being a spy in the Southern Song Dynasty and wanted to rebel, so he always envied him (the Jurchen official who surrendered to Mongolia) for not screening, which was an opportunity to harm him.

After Hua Yongji was killed, his grandson was called Hua from generation to generation with the Han surname Huawei given by the royal families of Song and Zhao.

Origin four

Originated from Manchu language, it comes from the Li Fuzhu clan of Nuzhen in Jin Dynasty, and belongs to the sinicized surname change. According to the historical book "Manchu Eight Banners Family's Big Name", Manchu surname also originated from the land of the Jurchen nationality Shu in the Jin Dynasty. It is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu, taking surname as surname, and Manchu is rich in Rihala and once lived.

In the Yuan Dynasty, some people in Lushu tribe changed their Han surnames. After the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Han surnames were Hua, Lu, Fan and Fu. The Chinese gentry are closely related to the nine masters (Fan Yongji and Hua Yongji) in the fourth source.

Origin five

Originated from the Mongols, subordinate to, belonging to the sinicization of the surname. According to the historical records "Tongzhi Clan in Qing Dynasty Slightly Recorded the Names of the Eight Banners of Mongolia", the Otto people of Mongolia, also known as the Eyot people, lived in Chahar. Later, Manchu was cited as the surname, and Manchu was Ayodhara.

After the mid-Qing Dynasty, Ewutes of Mongolian and Manchu were named Hua.

Liu Yuan

Originated from Hui nationality, subordinate to, belonging to sinicization and changing surname. According to the document China Hui Dictionary, Hua is one of the Hui surnames, mainly distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

Origin seven

Originated from the Dai nationality, it originated from the indigenous Dai nationality in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty, and it belongs to the sinicization and surname change. In the Ming Dynasty, the local government divided the Dai people living in Yunnan into Hua Dai, Dai Shan and Shui Dai according to their living habits and clothes. Hua Dai, also known as the abbreviation of Huayao Dai, is mainly a Dai appellation characterized by clothing (Dai Ya, Dai Sa, Dai Ka and Dai Zhong), and lives in Xinping and Yuanjiang counties in the middle and upper reaches of the Red River. Because of its simple and elegant clothing, elegant and elegant, especially the waist of the clothing is tied with layers of colorful patterns, covered with gorgeous and shiny cherry blossoms, silver bubbles and silver bells, hence the name Huayaodai.

Among the ethnic groups in Huadai, in the policy of staying in China and the movement of returning to their hometowns carried out by the central authorities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the national title was changed to Chinese surname, which was passed down from generation to generation.

Migration and distribution of flower surnames

Hua is a multi-ethnic and multi-source surname group, ranking 285th in the current surname list, with a population of about 22. 1 10,000, accounting for about 0.0438+03% of the total population in China.

According to the history book "Shi Yuan", Fahrenheit originated from He. As for why it was changed to Huajia, there is no textual research. There is a saying that homophony is changed to surname because of similar pronunciation, but there is no conclusive evidence for this statement at present.

The Chinese surname appeared in the official history of the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the chapter of Xiao's rebellion in Sichuan, the great poet Du Fu's praise of celebrities in the first year of last year, and the Kurabe people listed in the Record of Famous Men's Words and deeds. According to the research of surname, Hua's surname looks out of Dongping, which shows that he lives in a county and is investigated by local people, which shows that the origin of Hua's surname should also be in Dongping County, Shandong Province today. In other words, people with Chinese surnames in later generations are likely to breed from this place.

During the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, there was turmoil in the north, and northerners moved south, and Hua surname was no exception. They moved to Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, except for most northern provinces, the distribution of flower surnames in the south of the Yangtze River was expanding day by day, and there were flower surnames living in Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and other places.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Hua moved to Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. Since then, flower surnames have gradually spread to Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Liaoning and other places in the north, and some coastal flower surnames have moved to Taiwan Province Province.

After Qing Kanggan, the flower surnames in Shandong and other places moved into the three northeastern provinces and northeastern Inner Mongolia with the wave of going east.

After the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Jia Dilian, a flower surname born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, was on the Dragon and Tiger List, greatly expanding the reputation of the southwest flower surname.

Nowadays, flower surnames are widely distributed in China, especially in Liaoning and other provinces. The flower surnames in one province account for about 69% of the Han population in China. The descendants of Chinese surname who migrated from Sophora japonica in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province, are distributed in Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Hebei and other places.