Why do people build reservoirs?

Advantages and disadvantages of building a dam

-Dam: Two-way connection between development and environmental protection!

The demand for dams is the result of the thirst for energy. With the rapid development of economy, the power supply is suddenly tense. Facing the increasingly severe environmental pressure, how to seek clean, lasting and efficient energy has become a difficult problem facing the world in the 2 1 century. In developed countries in Europe and America, nuclear power has gradually gained the upper hand, while in developing countries, dam construction is in the ascendant.

Benefits of the dam:

First, dams can provide electricity. The estimated power generation of China Three Gorges Reservoir is equivalent to that of 65,438+08 nuclear power plants. In Norway, more than 98% of energy comes from hydropower, which has benefited Norwegians for a long time.

Secondly, the dam can also provide convenience for irrigation, drinking water, flood control and shipping.

Although dams have many advantages, they also have many problems.

Once the dam is built, it will destroy the distribution of water resources. In Bolange District, West Orissa, India, there used to be dozens of ponds in many villages. However, after the completion of the dam, 80% of the ponds disappeared, which affected the grain yield reduction in this area. Only those villages that have preserved traditional water storage methods and protected forests have withstood the test of successive years of disasters.

After the completion of the dam, it will also change the rainfall pattern: the local rainfall pattern has been changed by the Xilakudam reservoir, so it is considered that the drought is caused by the reservoir, because there is too much rainfall on one side of the reservoir, but there is no rainfall on the other. So the reservoir has brought prosperity to one area, but poverty to another; It adds green to one area, but deprives another area of vitality.

Not only that, dams will also destroy biological habitats. Zambezi Delta is a huge floodplain with an area of 654.38+800,000 square kilometers. But in the past century, there has been no flood in this area, especially after the construction of a dam like Kahe Labaca on the Zambezi River. With the disappearance of the flood, the carrying capacity of the wetland is declining day by day, and it is impossible to raise a large number of buffaloes who once lived here. So now we can see that many rivers leading to the delta plain have been covered with vegetation, and there is almost no water in the rivers. Flood cut-off is the main reason why the delta is facing drought now.

The establishment of the dam will also destroy the living conditions of human beings in the flood plain. When there were floods in the past two or three years, people left the flooded areas and moved to high places to live. After the flood subsided, they returned to the flooded area to continue their daily life. But after the completion of the dam, such days are gone forever. Scientists believe that the annual flood can not only benefit hundreds of thousands of people in the lower reaches of Zambezi River, but also restore habitats that are extremely important for many endangered species in the delta and save the endangered mangroves on the shore.

I think the following measures can be taken to endanger the dam:

1. The construction of the dam should try to avoid causing a large number of immigrants to move.

2. Build a fish ladder to protect the fish from swimming back.

3. Strengthen public participation, so that those who are negatively affected will become the first beneficiaries of such projects.

4. The dam releases water at the traditional time every year to rebuild the natural seasonal river flood.