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Belgium

printing block

Le Royaume de Belgique is located in the northwest of Europe, bordering Germany in the east, the Netherlands in the north, France in the south and the North Sea in the west. The land area is 30,528 square kilometers, the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone are 3,462 square kilometers, and the coastline is 66.5 kilometers long. Two thirds of Belgium is hilly and flat lowlands, with the lowest point slightly below sea level. The whole territory is divided into three parts: the Flanders Plain in the northwest coast, the hills in the middle and the Ardennes Plateau in the southeast. The highest point is 694 meters above sea level, and the main rivers are Mas River and Eskau River. It belongs to the marine temperate broad-leaved forest climate.

English name: Kingdom of Belgium

English name: Kingdom of Belgium

Abbreviation: Belgium

Mainland: Europe

Capital: Brussels

National Day: July 2 1

National anthem: Song of brabant.

Country code: BE

Official languages: Dutch, French and German.

Currency: Euro, French franc

Political system: parliamentary monarchy

State leaders: King Albert II, Prime Minister Herman VanRompuy.

Population: 10356000(2003)

Population density: 344.32 people/km2.

Main ethnic groups: Flemish, Walloon.

Main religion: Catholicism

International telephone area code: +32

catalogue

basic document

Language distribution

National geographic administrative divisions

Human population

capital

Belgian visa Belgian visa processing flow

Materials needed to apply for a visa

national history

Belgian revolution

Domestic politics

form

parliament

judicial authority

political party

Latest status

National economics

traffic

cultural education

Religious belief

Diplomatic relations

Population and nationality

military affairs

Basic information of tourist attractions

Language distribution

National geographic administrative divisions

Human population

capital

Belgian visa Belgian visa processing flow

Materials needed to apply for a visa

national history

Belgian revolution

Domestic politics

form

parliament

judicial authority

political party

Latest status

National economics

Traffic, culture, education, religious belief, foreign relations, population and national military tourist attractions, edit the basic information of this paragraph.

Country name: Le Royaume de Belgique (code Be Independence Day:1010.4 (1830) National Day: July 2 1 day (183 1 year ago) King Li. From left to right, three parallel and equal vertical rectangles of black, yellow and red are connected with the Belgian flag.

Composition. Black is a solemn and unforgettable color, which expresses the mourning for the heroes who died in the 1830 War of Independence. Yellow symbolizes national wealth, animal husbandry and agricultural harvest; Red symbolizes the life and blood of patriots and the great victory of the War of Independence. Belgium is a hereditary constitutional monarchy. The king's car is hung with the king's flag. Different from the national flag, the king's flag is square, with a brown flag face and a Belgian national emblem in the middle, with a crown on each corner and the first letter of the current king's name. National emblem: cloak-shaped. The center of the whole design is an upright lion on the shield, followed by a crossed scepter, symbolizing kingship. The shield pattern is surrounded by the ribbon of the Leopold Medal, with a lion holding the national flag on each side, a crown on the top, and the Leopold Medal (the first monarch of Belgium) hanging under the ribbon below, which reads "Unity is strength". The top of the cloak is decorated with a crown and nine flags representing nine provinces in Belgium. National emblem of Belgium

National anthem: La Blaban (La Blaban? Onne) National Flower: Little Mermaid National Bird: Kestrel Location: Western Europe Bohr (Western Europe) Country Type: Developed country motto: EENDLACHT MAKTMACHT Happy Union; After a glass of wine? Lke (Holland, France and Germany, unity is strength) State dignitaries: King Albert II,1ascended the throne on August 9, 993; Premier Herman VanRompuy took office on June 30th, 2008. Reputation: official language at the crossroads of western Europe: Dutch (1980 was called Flemish before the establishment of the Dutch Union), French and German currency: Euro, BEF nationality: Flemish accounted for 59.3%; The Walloon nationality accounts for 40.1%; Germanic religion accounts for 0.6%: 90% residents believe in Catholicism. Time difference with Beijing: -6 (summer); -7 (winter) international telephone area code: 32 Population density: 344.32/km (29th in the world) Population is 10364388(2004).

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The official languages are French and Dutch, and 60% of the residents speak Dutch as their mother tongue, but most people can speak French, while the coastal port cities circulate Spanish and Portuguese at the same time, which has an important relationship with the Belgian people's suffering from war aggression.

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administrative division

Belgium

The whole country is divided into 10 provinces and 589 towns. 10 provinces: Antwerp, West Flanders, East Flanders, Limburg, North Brabana, South Brabana, Liege, Enoch, namur and Luxemburg.

Human population

65,438+00,356,000 people (in 2003), including 5,996,000 Flemish-speaking regions, 3,368,000 French-speaking Walloon regions (including 76,5438+0,000 German-speaking regions) and 992,000 French-speaking Brussels Capital Region. The official languages are French and Flemish. 90% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

capital

The first citizen of Brussels-less than Julian.

Brussels has a population of 992,000 (2003). Known as the "European capital", it is the headquarters of many international organizations such as the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Many international conferences are held here every year, and more than 200 international administrative centers and more than 65,438+0,000 official organizations have offices here.

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Belgian visa processing flow

Application submission office: three visa centers in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Different visa centers have different jurisdictions. The visa center will charge an additional service fee on the basis of the visa fee required by the embassy, about 180 yuan.

Materials needed to apply for a visa

1, an original invitation letter (1); (2) The contents include: the name, unit, address and telephone number of the inviter; Name, company, scheduled visit date, stay time, visit purpose, etc. 2. Physical examination: Physical examination certificate is required, and the physical examination form is collected at the visa office of the Belgian Embassy in China. The physical examination form can also be collected at the China Study Abroad Service Center. 3. Form: Fill in the visa form in quadruplicate. 4. Proof of economic guarantee: The proof of economic guarantee for the state-sponsored students studying abroad is provided by China Study Abroad Service Center. 5. Notarized materials: notarized original birth certificate 1 copy, notarized academic degree certificate 1 copy, notarized innocence certificate certified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China 1 copy. Copies of the above notarized materials are required. 6. Four passport photos. To apply for a study visa in Belgium, I need to go to the embassy for an interview myself. Before the interview, I need to get notes, financial guarantee certificates and other signing materials. It takes about three months or more to apply for a Belgian visa. 8. A visa insurance and emergency medical insurance with a minimum of 30,000 euros. Note: All materials must be submitted in originals and copies; All materials must be submitted by the applicant himself. Please leave your business card. The consulate only accepts complete materials. Please don't call until you receive the official notice from our consulate. The consulate did not provide any information.

Edit this national history.

The Kingdom of Belgium is located in the west of Europe, bordering the Netherlands in the north, the Federal Republic of Germany in the east, Luxembourg in the southeast, France in the south and west, and the North Sea in the northwest. Most areas are hills or lowlands. It covers an area of 30,565,438+09 square kilometers (including the enclave in the Netherlands-Bale-Elden). The population is 9.857 million (1985), mainly Flemish and Walloon, and the residents believe in Catholicism. The official languages are Flemish and French. Brussels, the capital. In ancient times, Celts lived in what is now Belgium. From 57 BC to 5 1 BC, it was conquered by the Roman G.J. Caesar and belonged to the Roman province of Berchi. From the 4th century, it was occupied by Franks and became a part of Frankish kingdom. In the mid-9th century, its west (the territory of the Earl of Flanders) belonged to West Frank and its east belonged to East Frank. 1 1 century, a feudal regime was formed in marquis territories such as Cambre, Liege and Utrecht, and in earl territories such as brabant, Henegao, namur, Limburg and Luxemburg. The earliest cities appeared in Flanders and brabant since 10 century, and developed into the earliest urban commune in Europe from 107 1. They developed greatly through trade with Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Byzantium and the East. 1280, people's uprisings broke out in Bruges, Ippel and other cities in Flanders, and the urban nobles formed an alliance with the French to suppress the uprising. 1300, France occupied Flanders, 130 1 year and 1302, and the craftsmen in Bruges rose up against France and the urban aristocracy (Morning Prayer in Bruges). In July 1302, 1 1, the French knights were defeated near Cottrek ("Battle of Golden Boots"). 1384 Flanders belong to the Principality of Burgundy. /kloc-In the 5th century, Burgundy successively acquired Namur, brabant, Limburg, Heineken, Netherlands, Lycopine and Luxemburg. Belgium gradually unified. 1477, Belgium was ruled by the Habsburg family. 1506 ~ 17 13, the Habsburg family Spain, the Netherlands and Luxembourg jointly formed the West Netherlands, which was ruled by Spain. 17 13 Belgium was transferred to the Habsburg rule of Austria. 1789 and 1792 broke out against Austrian rule. 1794, Austria was defeated by France in Froels and Belgium was ceded to France. 18 15 The Vienna Conference decided to merge Belgium into the Netherlands. The artificial unification caused the opposition of religion, culture and language. From 65438 to 0828, the Belgian Liberal Party and the Catholic Party joined forces to form an opposition alliance to fight for the abolition of new taxes and legal equality. 1830 On August 25th, the people of Brussels held an uprising. In the same year165438+1October 18, the Belgian National Assembly declared Belgium's independence and implemented a constitutional monarchy, and then formulated a constitution. 183165438+1On October 20th, the London Conference attended by Britain, France and Prussia recognized Belgium's independence and guaranteed its permanent neutrality. 183 1 On June 4th, the National Assembly elected Baron Arklow of Saxony-Coburg as king, and called him Leopold I (183 1 to 1865 reigned). 1839 Belgium signed a peace treaty with the Netherlands, and the Netherlands recognized Belgium as an independent country. After independence, the coal and smelting industry in Belgium developed rapidly from 183 1 to 1870. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Belgium made a transition from liberal capitalism to imperialism and participated in the partition of Africa. From 1876, Belgian occupied Congolese territory, and from 1908, Congo Free State became belgian colonial. During World War I, Belgium was occupied by the Germans. 191811Belgian recovery. 19 19 Belgium took over Auburn-Marmedi and Rwanda-Urundi from Germany. 1920 entered into a military alliance with France, 1922 entered into an economic alliance with Luxembourg. 1925, Leopold III declared "absolute neutrality" and withdrew from the locarno convention in 1936. During World War II, Belgium was once again occupied by fascist Germany. 1940 on may 28th, Leopold III signed the surrender, and the Belgian government went into exile in Britain. The Belgian people actively carried out the anti-fascist struggle. Belgium recovered in September 1944. 1944 Belgium formed a customs union with the Netherlands and Luxembourg (1958 developed into an economic union with Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). And has concluded regional defense organizations with France, Britain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. /kloc-0 joined the north Atlantic treaty organization in April, 1949. /kloc-after the referendum in 0/950, Leopold III was forced to abdicate and his son Baudouin I succeeded to the throne. 1958 Belgium joins the European economy. After many struggles by the Belgian Congolese people, Belgium was forced to agree to the independence of Congo (now Zaire) on June 30 of the same year at the Brussels meeting in early 1960. 13 In July, Belgium launched a military attack on the newly established Republic of Congo, which was condemned by international public opinion and withdrew its troops. Rwanda and Burundi declared independence. Belgium's colonial rule in Africa is over. Since the 1970s, the political situation has been unstable due to the domestic economic crisis and the intensification of ethnic language contradictions. 1968 ~ 198 1 year, there were 10 cabinet changes. 19811early elections, 12 17 W. Maartens formed a four-party coalition government of the Dutch Christian People's Party, the Dutch Liberal Progressive Party, the French Reform Liberal Party and the French Christian Socialist Party. From 65438 to 0984, the ruling party coordinated domestic and foreign policies and formulated a three-year economic austerity plan, and the domestic political situation was relatively stable. 1985 65438+1October 13 held a general election.165438+1October 28th, the coalition government remained in power, and Maartens was re-elected as prime minister. (See color picture) Belgian history The Belgian government emphasizes the unity of Europe and America, eases the relationship between the East and the West, and develops cooperation with the third world. 19711kloc-0/On October 25th, Belgium established diplomatic relations with People's Republic of China (PRC).

Edit this passage of the Belgian revolution

The Belgian Revolution (or Belgian independence) was inspired by the French Revolution of July in 1830, when the Belgians rebelled against the decision of the Vienna Conference in 18 15 to forcibly merge the Netherlands and Belgium, fought for Belgium's independence, established a liberal government, succeeded in making Belgium independent with the consent of the great powers, and influenced the revolutions in other parts of Europe at that time. Egid Charles Gustav Wappers (1834)' s oil painting "Belgian Revolution" is now in the Brussels Museum. The Belgian Revolution (or Belgian independence) was inspired by the French Revolution of July in 1830, when the Belgians rebelled against the decision of the Vienna Conference in 18 15 to forcibly merge the Netherlands and Belgium, fought for Belgium's independence, established a liberal government, succeeded in making Belgium independent with the consent of the great powers, and influenced the revolutions in other parts of Europe at that time. The reason for the background revolution is that Belgians are dissatisfied with the rule of King William I of the Netherlands. Due to the differences in ethnic composition, language barriers and religions between the Netherlands and Belgium, in the 19th century when nationalism prevailed, Belgians could not bear that they were not an independent nation-state. In terms of economic structure, Belgium is a country with developed industry and agriculture, while the Dutch economy is dominated by commerce and fisheries. Therefore, the Dutch economic policy tends to free trade, while Belgium hopes to protect its industry with trade protection policies. The differences in economic structure between the two countries have led to growing differences between the two sides. In addition, Belgians have to endure various restrictions and unequal treatment from the government of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, including: 1. The official language is only Dutch, not Flemish. 2. The regulations of the government are 18 19. Only people who know Dutch can take the civil service exam. The government and the army are completely Dutch. 4. The Netherlands and Belgium have almost the same number of representatives in parliament, but Belgium has a population of 3.5 million. The population of the Netherlands is only 2 million. 5. Belgian newspapers are censored. 6. Belgians should also share the debts of the Dutch equally (in the Napoleonic War, the Dutch borrowed a lot from the British to raise military funds against Napoleon). Encouraged by the success of the French Revolution in July, Belgians broke out in Brussels during August 1830. Revolutionary forces and Dutch government forces fought in the streets of Brussels, and a large number of people were inspired by a set of operas being staged. With the Napoli Revolution in the1820s as the background, they joined the independence movement in succession, forcing King William I of the Netherlands to agree to convene parliament. At that time, the governments of the Austrian Empire, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia all hoped to contain Belgium's independence in order to maintain the European pattern formulated by the 18 15 Vienna Conference. However, Opus and Austria were both trapped by the German revolutionary movement at that time, while Russia had no time to intervene in the Polish revolution. On the other hand, France clearly expressed its support for the revolution, because Belgians have obvious pro-French tendencies, because the two countries have similarities in culture, language and religion. In addition, the purpose of the merger between the Netherlands and Belgium is anti-French, so France is happy to see it split. In addition, Louis Philippe pretended to be a liberal and sympathized with the Belgians' resistance to the autocratic rule of the Dutch. Britain also sympathizes with Belgium's independence, because Belgium's independence will hit Britain's commercial and trade rival the Netherlands. Britain believes that if Belgium has openly boycotted the Netherlands, it will give France an excuse to help Belgium take military action. Therefore, Belgium's independence should be recognized immediately to offset the influence of France on Belgium. Belgium established an interim government with the acquiescence or support of Britain and France, refused to take any form of * * * rule with the Netherlands, and declared Belgium's complete independence on June 4,/kloc-0. And 165438+ 10/0/8 was confirmed by the Belgian National Assembly. 183 1 In February, Belgium promulgated a new constitution, which was the freest constitution in Europe at that time. The Belgian provisional government had hoped that the son of Louis Philippe, the French king, would become the new king. However, the matter was ultimately abandoned because of British opposition, because Belgium defended the English Channel strategically and geopolitically. If Belgium and France get too close, it will be bad for Britain's coastal defense. So in 183 1 year, Prince Leopold from the Principality of Saxony-Coburg-Gotha accepted the Belgian throne. In order to rebuild the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Netherlands invaded Belgium in the border conflict with Belgium and defeated the Belgian army within ten days. France immediately sent troops to support, forcing the Netherlands to withdraw. As a result, the powers finally signed the treaty18311/at the London meeting in June, which initially solved the Belgian problem. Austria, Russia, France, Britain and Prussia recognized Belgium's independence in the treaty and ensured its permanent neutral status. The treaty even indicated that it was to modify the arrangement of the 18 15 Vienna Conference for the sake of overall peace in Europe, but it actually set a precedent in Europe, indicating that it was feasible to overthrow the decision of the Vienna Conference with revolutionary movements, which inspired Europe. However, the obstinacy of King William I of the Netherlands prevented this matter from being successfully completed. Even in the face of foreign diplomatic pressure, he refused to recognize Belgium's independence. It was not until 1839 that he made concessions on the issue of Belgian independence and reluctantly signed the London Treaty. So it was not until 1839 that the London Treaty came into effect.

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politics

1994 February 17, King Albert II of Belgium formally signed the new constitutional text. According to the Constitution, Belgium has a federal system of hereditary monarchy. The king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the three armed forces. The king and his parliamentary colleagues exercise legislative power, while government colleagues exercise executive power. The real power lies in the government, which is responsible to the parliament. Parliament is bicameral, the House of Representatives exercises legislative power, and the Senate only has the right to make legislative suggestions and consult, and still enjoys the same power as the House of Representatives only in constitutional amendment and state system reform. At the same time, expand the internal affairs and diplomatic power of regional governments. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. For the first time, the new constitution recognizes the right of female royal family members to inherit the throne.

form

1994 February 17, the Belgian Senate and House of Representatives adopted the new constitution after the reform of the Belgian system. This is the first time since 183 1 that Belgium has made a major revision to its constitution. The new constitution has been increased from the original 140 to 198, and two thirds of the provisions of the original constitution on basic freedoms, power sharing and national democracy have been retained. The constitution stipulates that it is more federal than hereditary monarchy. The king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the three armed forces. The king and his parliamentary colleagues exercise legislative power, while government colleagues exercise executive power. The real power lies in the government, which is responsible to the parliament. Parliament is bicameral, the House of Representatives exercises legislative power, and the Senate only has the right to make legislative suggestions and consult, and still enjoys the same power as the House of Representatives only in constitutional amendment and state system reform. At the same time, expand the internal affairs and diplomatic power of regional governments. For the first time, the new constitution recognizes the right of female royal family members to inherit the throne.

parliament

The Federal Parliament consists of 150 members of the House of Representatives and 7 1 senators, with a term of four years. Representatives are directly elected by 20 constituencies across the country. Of the 765,438+0 senators, 40 are directly elected by regions, 265,438+0 are appointed by the Language District Council, and 65,438+00 are elected. The adult children of the king are legal senators. The new Belgian Federal Parliament was elected in June 20 10. The seats of all directly elected political parties are as follows: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Dutch Liberal Democratic Party 13 4

French Socialist Party 26 7

French Reform Movement Party 18 4

Socialist Party with Different Dutch Languages 13 4

Christian Democratic Party of the Netherlands 17 4

Flanders formation 12 3

French-speaking Democratic Humanitarian Center Party 9 2

French ecological party 8 2

Dedak list 1 0

New Flanders Union 27 9

Dutch green party 5 1

judicial authority

There are 222 public security courts, 26 courts of first instance, 5 appeal courts and 65,438+0 supreme courts. 10 provinces have 1 felony courts. The third-level courts have corresponding procuratorial organs. Judges of courts at all levels are directly appointed or dismissed by the king, or nominated by the parliament at the same level and serve for life. Prosecutors at all levels are appointed and dismissed by the king on the basis of government nomination.

political party

There are mainly nine political parties: (1) Dutch Liberal Democratic Party (VLD). ): The ruling party, 1 June 1992 1 1, was established, formerly known as Partij Voor Vrij,1June 19721split from the Liberal Party. In February 2004, Kalel De Gucht, the former party chairman, was criticized for his inappropriate remarks and was dismissed. The new party chairman is Dick? Dakreis (). (2) Socialist Party (PS): the ruling party, with about 654.38 million party member (2003). Formerly the Belgian Workers' Party, founded in 1885. 1945 changed its name to Belgian socialist party, and 1978 split into French socialist party and Dutch socialist party due to ethnic and language conflicts. 199965438+1October 1 1, the party held a congress and Elio di Lv Bo was elected as its chairman. (3) Reform movement: the ruling party. Its predecessor was the Liberal Party founded in 1846. 1972 the liberal party split the French liberal democratic party and the French reform liberal party (PRL). On March 24th, 2002, the French Reform Liberal Party merged with the French Democratic Front (FDF) and the National Innovation Movement (MKC) to form the French Reform Movement Party. In February 2004, the former party chairman and chief minister of Brussels Capital Region Dukam resigned due to tax evasion, and the current chairman is Antoine Duken. (4) the socialist party. A): The ruling party, with about 68,000 people in party member (2003). 1978 was split from the Belgian Socialist Party, originally named Socialistische Partij(SP), but it was renamed in 200 1. The current party chairman is Steve Stewart. In July 2002, the party and the Dutch Social Freedom Party (SPIRIT) formed the 2003 campaign alliance. (5) Dutch Social Freedom Party (SPIRIT): The name of the party is society, progress, international, regional, completely democratic and future-oriented. The ruling party in party member has about 3,000 people (in 2003). In 200 1 year, the Volksunie founded by 1954 split.