What do people mean by Nanyang in the modern history of China?

The geographical concept of Nanyang mainly refers to the vast areas including the ten ASEAN countries, including the Malay Archipelago, Philippine Archipelago and Indonesian Archipelago, as well as the coastal areas of Indo-China Peninsula and Malay Peninsula. In a broad sense, Nanyang also includes India, Australia, New Zealand and nearby Pacific islands.

Nanyang is a deep area called Southeast Asia in Ming and Qing Dynasties (excluding northern Vietnam). ) and its water-oriented blocks;

First, it is the coast of Sri Lanka, Maldives and India in South Asia, and the west coast of Arabian Sea belongs to the western ocean.

The second is the northern part of Australia east of Indonesia, namely Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.

Third, Palau and other western Pacific islands east of the Philippines.

Southeast Asia is connected with China by mountains and rivers, and it has been the main destination for people from the southeast coast to emigrate overseas since ancient times. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a record of maritime merchants entering Southeast Asia. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China maritime merchants spread all over the coastal areas of Southeast Asia, with frequent population exchanges. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Chinese communities appeared in places like Java and Sumatra.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the government issued several bans on going to sea, but due to the prosperity of overseas trade, the population going to Southeast Asia was increasing. However, what really formed the scale and influenced the immigration activities so far was the immigration tide called "Lower South Asia" in modern times.

Extended data:

The migration of China people abroad is a long road, full of blood and tears.

The first is "illegal". Not allowed to emigrate overseas for a long time. In the court's view, moving overseas is tantamount to "abandoning the king", which is not only prohibited, but also severely sanctioned for returnees. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that the Qing government realized the economic strength of overseas Chinese and the importance of commercial ports. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), the local overseas Chinese leader Hu Xuanze was appointed as the first consul of Singapore. It was not until 1893 that the Qing government officially lifted the ban on overseas Chinese.

Secondly, the journey is difficult and dangerous. Early immigrants sneaked out of the ocean, worried about government inspections and pirates all day, the wind direction at sea was unpredictable, and sailing boats were in danger of capsizing at any time. Chinese workers who went abroad in modern times were almost as abused as slaves by "pig heads" and "pig houses" Workers in China are forbidden to enter the cabin, with poor conditions and extremely high mortality rate. Ships trafficking China workers are called "moving hell".

Then there is the difficulty after landing. On the one hand, the immigrants who landed have to overcome the problem of being difficult to adapt to the natural environment, on the other hand, they are under multiple pressures from various local forces.

The colonists urgently needed Chinese to participate in the development, but they were worried about the rapidly expanding economic strength of Chinese, so they deliberately suppressed the rights and interests of Chinese, and there were many incidents of persecution and slaughter of Chinese, especially in Indonesia. After the colonial power subsided, the situation improved, but once the political situation was turbulent, Chinese people often became the object of venting their dissatisfaction.

A large number of Chinese immigrated to Southeast Asia, which not only eased the population pressure in China, but also greatly promoted the economic development and development of Southeast Asian countries. It can be said that the modern history of Southeast Asia was written by indigenous peoples and Chinese.

At present, Chinese, as an important part of the local ethnic groups in Southeast Asian countries, have been recognized and recognized by the host countries. However, the shadow of the entanglement between history and reality has not disappeared, and it will take time to completely solve the China issue, which requires the efforts of China society itself. At the same time, the strength of China is closely related to the fate of China people.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Lower Nanyang (China people's commerce and immigration to Nanyang)

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