A complete collection of detailed data on population distribution

Population distribution refers to the spatial existence form and distribution of population in a certain period of time, including the distribution of total population in various regions, as well as the distribution of certain population (such as urban population), specific population process and composition (such as migration, gender, etc.). ). Population distribution is the result of many factors such as nature, society, economy and politics. Natural environmental conditions (such as latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, etc.). ) plays an important role in population distribution. Since the 20th century, with the acceleration of world industrialization and urbanization, social, economic and political factors have increasingly affected population distribution.

Definition of population distribution: the spatial existence forms of population in a certain period include: the distribution and classification factors of total population in various regions: natural, social, economic and political distribution, distribution characteristics, imbalance, distribution regularity, time lag, influencing factors, China population, contemporary distribution, ancient distribution, and the distribution of population in a specific time. It is an instantaneous expression of the process of population redistribution that is constantly adjusted through natural changes and migration changes, and it is also a static image of population dynamic changes. The world population distribution can be divided into horizontal distribution and vertical distribution. The former is the geographical distribution of population projected by the ground plane; The latter is the distribution of population by altitude. The horizontal distribution of the world population is very uneven. According to the latitude zone, it is mainly distributed in the range of 20 ~ 60. In addition to the small population in some areas, high latitudes are even rarer. Geographically, the southeast half of Asia, Europe and eastern North America are the three largest densely populated areas, accounting for about 70% of the world's total population. The rest areas, except small-scale dense areas, are mostly sparsely populated areas. According to the distance from the sea, more than half of the world's population lives within 200 kilometers from the coastline, and most of the hinterland of the mainland is sparsely populated. The general feature of vertical change is that the population number decreases with the increase of height. The population distribution is also divided by continents, countries and administrative regions at all levels. The population of Asia accounts for more than 50% of the world population. There are seven countries in the world with a population of more than 1 billion, among which the population of China was 11billion in July 1990, accounting for more than1/billion of the population of Asia, accounting for about 22% of the world population. Distribution characteristics The distribution of population in the world has the following characteristics: The biggest feature of uneven population distribution is imbalance. As far as the world is concerned, only 7% of the earth's land area is inhabited by 70% of the world's population; More than 90% of the world's population is concentrated in less than 10% of the land; On the mainland, 35% ~ 40% of the land is basically uninhabited. From a regional perspective, the population distribution among continents and countries is also unbalanced. The land area of Asia accounts for 29.4% of the world, but the population accounts for 60%( 1980). Among more than 60 countries and regions in the world, 7 countries have a population of over 1 100 million, accounting for more than 55% of the world's total population. The population distribution between different parts of the country is also very uneven. For example, China is bounded by the Heihe-Tengchong line, and the land east of this line accounts for 42.9% of the total population of the country, but the population accounts for 94.4% of the total population of the country (1982). The population distribution is sparse and regular in the horizontal direction, mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere where 90% of the earth's population lives, while the southern hemisphere is only 10%. In the northern hemisphere, the population is mostly concentrated in temperate and subtropical areas between 20 and 60 north latitude. Population distribution also tends to be concentrated in coastal areas. The population is distributed in the vertical direction, and a large number of them are concentrated at relatively low altitudes, while the population at high altitudes is relatively sparse. Generally, the mid-latitude, low topography and coastal location have obvious attraction to the population. At present, 79.4% of the world's population is concentrated in the area of 20 ~ 60 north latitude; The population below 200 meters above sea level accounts for 56.2% of the world population, and the population above 200 ~ 1000 meters accounts for 35.6% of the world population. Although the area within 200 kilometers from the world coast accounts for less than 30% of the global land area, it has more than half of the world's total population; The population distribution with time lag (or inertia) often lags behind the development of productivity and the transfer of economic center. The reason is that the change of population distribution depends on the time cumulative effect of natural growth rate and net migration rate, and the speed is relatively slow. Only in the newly developed areas with small population base can the immigration factor produce obvious results immediately. The study on the distribution characteristics and formation conditions of population (phenomenon) in the world, countries and regions almost constitutes the whole content of population geography. The factors affecting population distribution are natural environment, economic conditions and historical conditions. The influence of natural environment on population distribution is mainly reflected by latitude, topography and climate. Too high or too low latitude is not suitable for human life, and the restrictions in high latitude areas are particularly severe. Cold, frozen soil and insufficient light make the land undeveloped. So far, the northern boundary of human settlements is roughly consistent with the isotherm of 1 monthly average temperature of -20℃. The high terrain and great ups and downs also hinder human habitation. Most residents in mid-latitude areas settle in low-lying areas, and only some tropical countries use the vertical cooling law to choose plateaus or mountains above1200m for settlement. Both arid climate and humid climate hinder population distribution. With the progress of science and technology and medicine, the adverse effects of hot and humid environment are being overcome, but the dry environment is still a major obstacle to human movement. The natural environment provides a geographical framework for population distribution, and the pattern of population distribution is determined by social and economic conditions. In the pre-capitalist society, agriculture was an overwhelming production sector, and the population distribution was characterized by land dependence or agriculture and animal husbandry dependence, which was relatively dispersed and balanced. Political centers and cultural centers often concentrate a large number of people. The development of commodity economy has affected the concentration of population in cities and towns, but in a society dominated by agricultural production, urban population does not occupy an important position. The difference of population density depends on the yield per unit area or livestock carrying capacity under the comprehensive action of land fertility, land use mode (agriculture or animal husbandry), crop type, irrigation conditions and intensive degree. In capitalist and socialist societies, the development of industry, transportation, commerce and international trade has turned population distribution into industrial dependence. In this transformation, industry is the driving force and transportation is the lever. The industrial agglomeration of cities and towns has absorbed the basic population and the service population accordingly, which makes the rural population transfer to cities and towns, and the urban system has gradually formed, and the population distribution pattern has changed from scattered to point and axis concentration. The development of international trade has accelerated the growth of coastal port cities and promoted the density of coastal population. The historical conditions of the ancient city are also a factor affecting the population distribution. As a result of long-term population growth in history, the population of areas with early development and long history is generally relatively large. For example, the population density of the old continent is higher than that of the new continent. The distribution of population is often related to the great migration in history. Because of the different background of migration, sometimes there will be strange distribution phenomena. For example, the abnormal phenomenon that the population density in the rugged mountainous area of Algeria in winter is several times higher than the national average level is caused by the invasion of foreign countries in history, forcing local residents to enter the mountain refuge. The population distribution in contemporary China is influenced and restricted by natural conditions, economic development, society, history and other factors. Different levels of regional economic development have led to significant differences in population distribution across China. 1, the population is gradually sparse from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The population distribution in China is extremely uneven, with the vast majority of the population concentrated in the southeast and the western half sparsely populated. If a straight line is drawn from Heihe City on the border of Heilongjiang Province to Ruili County on the border of Yunnan Province, the area east of this line accounts for about 43% of the whole country, but the population is 94.3% of the whole country, while the area west of this line accounts for about 57% of the whole country, but the population is only 5.7% of the whole country. Population distribution in China. The plain area is densely populated, and the population decreases with the elevation of the terrain. The population distribution in China is not balanced in the horizontal direction, and it is densely populated in the plain area in the vertical direction. From the plain to the surrounding hills, plateaus and mountains, there is a law that the population decreases with the elevation of the terrain. The vast majority of the population is distributed in rural areas. Due to historical reasons, so far, China's industrial production level is not high, the level of urbanization is low, and the proportion of urban population is small. Agriculture still dominates the economic activities of the people throughout the country. This is the current economic characteristics of China, and it is also a sign of the current level of productivity development. This situation has played a decisive role in the basic characteristics of population distribution in China. The eastern part of China is low-lying, economically developed and densely populated in rural areas. The mountainous areas in the western region are widely distributed, with little land and water, and the rural population is sparse. However, the spread of rural population is a common feature of the whole country. China's population is distributed in primitive society, while China's population is mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, especially in northern Henan, southwestern Shanxi, central Shaanxi, eastern Shanxi and south-central Shanxi. The Yangtze River Delta and today's central and western Shandong also have a lot of population distribution. The population distribution in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, just like primitive society. Today, central Shaanxi, southwestern Shaanxi, southwestern Hebei, western Shandong and most parts of Henan are densely populated areas in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the population of the Yellow River Basin continued to develop and the population density increased greatly. In the Yangtze River valley, although some places are still uninhabited, some places have become densely populated areas. Such as Chu (now Jiangling), Shouchun, Wudu Wu (now Suzhou) and other places. It can be seen that densely populated areas are gradually expanding from the Yellow River Basin to other areas. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. But on the whole, the population density in the north decreased slightly, and the population density in the south increased slightly. The population distribution in the Eastern Han Dynasty has the following characteristics: First, the population density in Guanzhong Plain and Northwest China has decreased. Sima Qian said that during the Western Han Dynasty, the population in Guanzhong area was one third of that in the world. By the fifth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (140), the population density of Youfu Peak in Guanzhong (now Xianyang to Baoji) was only 3.94 people/square kilometer, which was110 in the Western Han Dynasty. Second, the population density in Jiangnan has greatly increased. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty, the number of households in Lingling County (now Lingling County, Hunan Province) has increased by 9 times and the population has increased by 7 times. The number of households in Zhang Yu County (now Nanchang) has increased fivefold, and the population has increased fourfold. The number of households in Changsha County (now Changsha) has increased five times and the population has increased four times. Third, the population size and density of the north and south of China are gradually narrowing the gap. During the period of Eastern Jin, Three Kingdoms and Sixteen Kingdoms, the population in the north was greatly reduced due to years of war and separatism, and the population distribution was less than that in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the south, due to social stability, a large number of people moved south, and the population increased a lot. The population distribution is more concentrated and the density is getting bigger and bigger. Counties such as Danyang (now Nanjing), Huiji (now Shaoxing), Wu Jun (now Suzhou) and Xing Wu (now Huzhou) are all populous areas. During the Sui Dynasty, the population ratio between the north and the south was about 7 to 3, and the population was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The counties on both sides of the Yellow River east of Taihang Mountain are the most densely populated areas. In the 13th year of Zhenguan in the early Tang Dynasty (639), the population ratio between north and south was 5 to 6. At this time, the population mainly concentrated in four areas, namely, Sichuan Basin, Wei Fen Plain, North China Plain and Jiangnan Area. The average density of Sichuan Basin is 25 people/km2, Wei Fen Plain is 30 people/km2, and North China Plain is 4-5 people/km2. Today, southern Jiangsu and southern Zhejiang account for 1/8 of the national population. In the western area west of Longshan, there are only 0. 1-0.2 people per square kilometer. In the Tang Dynasty, social stability, economic development and population also increased to a great extent. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the ratio of the population in the north to the population in the south was 6 to 5, and the population density in the north was higher than that in the south. The densely populated North China accounts for 2/5 of the national population, with an average of 35 people per square kilometer. In the late Tang Dynasty, the distribution pattern of population changed greatly, mainly because the population in the south exceeded that in the north, and the population was concentrated in the south of Huaihe River and the south of the Yangtze River, where the population was 1/3 of the national population, and the population density was about 25 people per square kilometer. Because of the war in the North China Plain, the population density was the same as that in the early Tang Dynasty, and the population density in Guanzhong and Sichuan also declined to varying degrees. Nanyang basin, the lower reaches of Pearl River, Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake are densely populated areas. In short, in the Tang Dynasty, the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River were the boundaries, and the population of the north was distributed in Zhenguan, accounting for 46%, Tianbao, 58% and Yuanhe, 32%. In the south, they are 54%, 42% and 68% respectively. For a long time, the population distribution in China has been replaced by a new pattern of emphasizing the north and neglecting the south. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the population distribution in China and the south have been dominant in population quantity and population density. This difference continued to expand until the late Qing Dynasty.