How to breed sows

Raising pigs is an important agricultural project. In the process of breeding, sow breeding is also the foundation, which plays the role of breeding offspring and is an important link in the process of raising pigs. The breeding of sows is different from that of ordinary pigs, so it is necessary to master the breeding techniques of sows.

I. Construction of sow farm

1, nature and scale

100 basic sows, a small self-propagating and self-supporting commercial pig farm with an annual output of 2,000 fat pigs. The breeds are Topix parents breeding pigs or Landrace pigs and Duroc boars.

2. Production cycle

Breeding to marketing =4 1 week (pregnancy 16 weeks+lactation 4 weeks+lactation 5 weeks+fattening 16 weeks).

3. Composition of pig farm

① Pregnancy positioning bar: 100 sows, giving birth to 9 litters every 2 weeks, and 66 pregnant sows need 66 positioning bars from mating to the week before delivery.

② Number of laps of empty sows: the delivery rate is 80%, from weaning to breeding, 1.5 weeks /80%×4.4 pigs/week+1 (reserve) =9 pigs, and each lap needs 3 laps.

(3) Male pigsty: Single pigsty requires 4 pigsty and a feeding room.

④ Delivery sequence: 4.4×6 weeks =27.

⑤ Nursery beds: 6 weeks ×4.4=27.

⑥ Number of fattening pens: 16 weeks /2×9- 10=720-800, that is, 72-80 pens.

The delivery room has 3 units, and each unit has 9 delivery beds; The nursery has 3 units, and each unit has 9 nursery beds; Boars are kept in solitary confinement, with 4 heads and 4 laps, 1.

4. Breeding column

3-4 empty sows, 3 columns; The fattening pigsty has 8- 10 pigs per column, and the unit is 10 column, ***8 units.

5, pigsty design

① Delivery room 1, a total of 3 rooms, each room 1.8× 5+3 = 12m, 36m long and 7.8m wide. ..

② Nursery with three units, each unit is1.5× 5+3 =10.5m, the length of the nursery is 31.5m and the width is 6.6m.. ..

(3) The boar sow house has 8 rows, with a length of 3× 8 = 24m and a single row width of 5.5m ..

④ There are 66 single pregnancy columns in a building, the length is 0.65m× 33+2.5 = 24m, and the width of double row shed is 7.8m.. ..

⑤ There are 4 fattening pig houses, each with 2 units, each with a length of 3× 5+ 1 = 16m, a length of 16× 2 = 32m and a width of11m..

Second, sow breeding technology

(1) Strengthen immunity in pig production, swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, reproductive and respiratory syndrome, etc. All of them can cause reproductive obstacles of sows in different degrees, leading to the reduction of live births and even reproductive failure. How to reduce the occurrence of these diseases and the loss to the extent of * *, we should formulate immunization procedures according to local conditions, do a good job of immunization before breeding, improve the immunity of sows, and reduce the occurrence of stillbirth and weak offspring.

(2) The practice of breeding excellent breeds proves that local excellent breeds and hybrid pigs have the genetic characteristics of litter size. Selecting excellent local breeds and hybrid pigs as breeding pigs can increase the number of live piglets.

(3) Scientific feeding management

1. Create suitable external environmental conditions: First, disinfect frequently to reduce environmental pathogenic microorganisms. Second, the temperature is suitable, which is warm in winter and cool in summer to avoid high temperature stress. The third is ventilation. Fourth, the pen is clean and hygienic. The fifth is to supply clean and hygienic fresh drinking water. Sixth, do a good job in killing rats, mosquitoes and flies.

2. Provide feed with balanced nutrition and feed scientifically. Feed is prepared according to feeding standard to meet the needs of protein, energy, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. The feed is fresh, and it is not allowed to feed rotten, moldy, frozen, toxic and irritating feed. Carry out scientific feeding, watch fat feeding and keep healthy physique.

3. Improve sperm motility. Moderate exercise, moderate mating intensity, healthy physique, vigorous energy and sexual desire of boars can maintain excellent semen quality, good sperm vitality and high pregnancy rate.

4, timely breeding, improve pregnancy rate. It is the key to improve the conception rate and litter size to identify the estrus of sows and breed them in time. The estrus identification of sows was comprehensively judged by appearance observation, back pressure method and boar test. When the vaginal mucosa of sow changed from dark red to light (pink) red, the swelling of vulva began to subside and fine wrinkles appeared, and white and slightly viscous liquid flowed out. When boars climb over or press their backs with their hands, they will have a standing reaction: sows often show ears erect, hind legs spread apart, stand still, urinate frequently, and their tails move up or to one side. This is the right breeding season. The common breeding methods in production are as follows: the sow stands still in the morning and breeds (infuses) once in the afternoon and the next morning; Postpartum sows have standing reaction in the morning, mating once in the morning and afternoon the next day, standing reaction in the afternoon and mating once in the afternoon and the next morning.

5. Reduce embryo death. During sow pregnancy, that is, the egg and sperm combine, the embryo is implanted, the fetus develops to delivery, and the embryo has three death peaks: one is the early stage of fertilized egg implantation, that is, 9~ 13 days after fertilization; The second is the embryonic organ formation period, that is, about three weeks after pregnancy; Third, the placenta stops growing, while the fetus grows rapidly, that is, 60 to 70 days in the third trimester. In particular, the embryonic organ formation period is the period with the most embryo deaths, which is reported to account for 30~40% of embryo deaths. In order to reduce embryo disability, it is necessary to strengthen sow care, keep the environment relatively quiet and suitable humidity, prevent crowding and falling, and prohibit flogging. In the first month after mating, feeding must be restricted and the energy should not be too high.

6. Do a good job in sow delivery and midwifery. One week before the sow gives birth, make all preparations for delivery, and clean and disinfect the delivery bed, piglet incubator, surgical scissors, cotton wool, towels, disinfectants and medicines. Sows give birth on duty, piglets dry with towels, cut umbilicus (disinfect), cut teeth and cut tail. If fake dead piglets are found, they should be rescued in time, and they should be dealt with in time during dystocia. Injection of oxytocin 20 ~ 30ml after delivery can promote the discharge of uterine contents such as fetal membranes, accelerate the recovery of uterus and promote milk ejection. Antibiotics can also be injected to resist bacteria and inflammation, laying the foundation for pigs to live strong.

Third, the cost and profit of breeding sows.

Pigs are easy to feed, because they are not picky about food and are not easy to get sick. As long as they pay more attention to their health when they are young, they will easily grow up healthily. Breeding sows has many advantages. * *, sows can give birth to piglets, and the market demand for piglets is also relatively large, because piglets can grow into big pigs, thus meeting people's demand for pork. Second, sows live longer and can continue to breed more piglets. Third, the surplus value of sows is also relatively large.

It is understood that when raising sows, the main feeding costs include feed costs and other expenses. The feed consumption of sows in different periods is different. During pregnancy, the feed amount is approximately 1 14 days * 2.5kg/day = 285kg, while during lactation, the feed amount is approximately 28 days * 5kg/day =140kg, and during empty pregnancy, it is approximately 7 days * 3kg.

However, by analyzing other expenses such as water consumption, drug use and breeding, it is found that each sow needs about 340 yuan. According to the current pig price, sow breeding still has a certain profit. When raising sows, farmers should pay attention to sow feeding management and adopt scientific methods to reduce feed costs.

Raising sows is a technical job, and your technical profit is large and your risk is small. There are risks, such as epidemic disease, technical level of production management, reproduction rate, litter rate and mortality rate. However, under the normal management level, the benefit of breeding sows will be relatively stable and the income will be higher than that of breeding commercial pigs.

Sows are the foundation of pig farms. If the sows are not well raised, it will be difficult for this pig farm to make a profit. Many people may say that piglets can be kept outside. Although it is possible to outsource piglets, the cost of outsourcing piglets is very high. If one or two piglets die or are injured, thousands of dollars may be lost, so outsourcing piglets is very risky. However, experienced farmers will choose to feed themselves, raise their own sows and raise their own piglets, so rest assured that they know the root cause.