Why is the unification of the Yuan Dynasty promoting national integration?

The Yuan Dynasty promoted national integration. The Khitans entered the Central Plains in large numbers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and by the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, they had been regarded as Han Chinese by the Yuan government. There are eight kinds of Han people listed in Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun, and the name of "Qidan" gradually disappeared at the end of Yuan Dynasty. From Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty to the end of Jin Dynasty, the inward migration of Nuzhen never stopped. In particular, Jin Xuanzong moved his capital to Bianjing because of the oppression of Mongols, and more Nuzhen moved in, accounting for about half of the total number of Nuzhen. They live together with the Han people, intermarry, change their surnames to the Han people and advocate Confucianism. Nuzhen's national characteristics gradually lost. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty classified Jurchen, Han people and Khitan people as the third class, with the same political treatment, which objectively eliminated the national boundary between Jurchen and Han people and made Jurchen more Chinese. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Jurchen in the Central Plains had completely integrated into the Han nationality.

The Yuan Dynasty made many contributions. For example, it ended the state of division for more than three centuries after the Tang Dynasty, achieved a new great unity in history, and its territory surpassed Han and Tang Dynasties. The territory of China today was basically outlined by the Yuan Dynasty. Exercising effective administrative jurisdiction over Xinjiang, Tibet and other places, Tibet entered Chinese territory for the first time. China's current provincial system is even stricter than that of the Yuan Dynasty. The development of foreign relations has broadened the horizons of the people of China and promoted social changes in China. Yuan is the best in the world, thinner than at home and abroad. Wherever there are people, there are post stations to make them travel around the country. The world in the Yuan Dynasty was "reaching by ladder, reaching by air, and meeting by sea and air", surpassing any previous dynasty. It has a special important position and rich content in history, and has a far-reaching impact on the historical process of China and the vast Asian-European world. Genghis Khan wrote a unique chapter for ancient military history. Kublai Khan's army crossed the Dadu River, Snow Mountain and Jinsha River from north to south, completing a pioneering work in China's ancient military history. The agricultural production that has been destroyed for a long time in the Central Plains has been restored and developed, and the preservation and continuation of the Central Plains civilization has a reliable material basis. Tolerance of many religions, Kublai Khan said that there are four prophets worshipped in the world (Christ, Muhammad, Moses, Sakyamuni), and I pay tribute to these four. The bronze ware made in 1332 is the earliest metal tube gun in the world, and the production of other handicrafts has also been improved. Developed maritime traffic and huge fleet sailing in the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are unprecedented feats in the history of China. The North-South Grand Canal is unimpeded, and the mighty ships sail day and night. Most of the Yuan Dynasty is the commercial center and transportation center of the whole country. Prosperous overseas trade, the number of trading countries has grown from 50 to 60 in the Song Dynasty to more than 140, east to Korea in Japan, west to the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa. The creation and implementation of the word "Basiba" can be called a jewel with strange brilliance in China Cultural Library. The more ingenious, the more eternal. Since then, the moon mountain and Guo Shoujing star of Guo Shoujing, a great scientist, have been running in the vast space. The Secret History of Mongolia, full of grassland flavor, is called the masterpiece in the cultural history of China. A generation of celebrities, such as Yuan Qu and Yuan Zaju, a great playwright Guan Hanqing, and a scholar of Sadu Ci in the Western Regions. The works of the great traveler Kyle Poirot are the great motivation for Columbus to set sail. Qiu Chuji, the ancestor of Taoism, called Genghis Khan: God-given courage and wisdom, unparalleled in ancient times, powerful in Taoism and obedient by foreigners.

Why did the Yuan Dynasty unify the whole country in 98 years and the Qing Dynasty unified the whole country in 268 years? This is mainly due to the civil strife in the Yuan Dynasty, the division of the Mongolian ruling group and the fierce power struggle within the imperial court, which led to the collapse of the Yuan Empire. The ancestral training and emperor training in Qing dynasty were very strict, and there was no serious civil strife. In addition, peasant uprising: serious natural disasters, corrupt politics and hierarchy, heavy corvee burden and ethnic oppression led to peasant uprising. Although there were some peasant uprisings in the Qing Dynasty, it was easy to control because there was no hierarchical system like the Yuan Dynasty and few intellectuals participated in it. The Qing Dynasty paid attention to absorbing Han culture, and even Huang, a great scholar who opposed the Qing Dynasty and regained his sight, sent his son to the imperial court to be an official. The Qing Dynasty finally abdicated peacefully, which is the first time in the history of China. Although the Yuan Dynasty was short-lived, it once hit Europe, robbed many good things and absorbed many new technologies there. Moreover, the Yuan Dynasty was tolerant of many religions and had the ethos of pre-Qin philosophers. Therefore, in a very short period of time, the scientific and technological development of the Yuan Dynasty was comparable to any prosperous time in the history of China. Unfortunately, for various reasons, this point is rarely mentioned.

After the Yuan army destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, Dali Kingdom and Xixia Kingdom, it found that its own culture was indeed inferior to that of the Han people, so it humbly studied Chinese culture. So that the nobles of the Yuan Dynasty also possessed the advanced China culture at that time. After the Tang Poetry and Song Poetry, Yuan Qu also made great progress, so no matter in what way, Yuan Dynasty not only did not cut off Chinese culture, but also continued. I don't know if you have read the book Wolf Totem. The author has discussed this phenomenon in the book. It is good that you can read this book when you have time. Moreover, even if the Yuan Dynasty cut off the Han culture, the blood of the Han people also has the agricultural nature of preferring to die rather than change, that is, the consciousness of small farmers, and advocates changing all available sites into farmland. Therefore, in the sixties and seventies of last century, our Han people's transitional reclamation of Inner Mongolia grassland has turned the former Mongolian grassland into a large area of farmland, or many of them have been desertified, and the former Mongolian spirit no longer exists, and the grassland can only be a dream of memories. . . . . . .