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& lt The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the pioneering work of China's ancient novel Zhang Hui.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms was very popular in ancient China. Song and Yuan dynasties came to the stage, and Jin and Yuan dynasties performed more than 30 kinds of Three Kingdoms operas. From Yuan Dynasty to Zhinian, the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms published by Yu's family in Xin 'an came out. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong synthesized folklore, drama and scripts, combined with historical materials such as the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi's notes, and based on his personal understanding of social life, he created the well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The earliest existing edition was published in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, commonly known as "Jiajing Edition", with a total of 24 volumes. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang, the father and son of Maureen, collated historical events, added or deleted words, and revised them into "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" 120, which has been passed down to this day.

1330- 1400, Luo Guanzhong was a popular novelist in Ming dynasty. His native place is Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, which is uncertain. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong was a screen guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also wrote popular novels such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties and plays such as Meet the Dragon and Tiger of Zhao Taizu.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggle, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era and shapes a group of heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, focusing on the description of Liu Bei Group, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao. Today, we should dialectically understand the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore in Luo Guanzhong era, which implies people's hope for the rejuvenation of the Han nationality.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has created nearly 200 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has the lofty spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death" and the ambition of helping people rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world in modern times. In addition, the author endowed him with the peculiar ability of giving orders and calculating skillfully. Cao Cao is a treacherous man. His life creed is "I would rather teach the world to fail me". He is a political careerist and schemer, so don't confuse him with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his loyalty is based on personal grudges, not the national justice. Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a model of benevolence and righteousness, a corporal who valued virtue, and a man who knew people well and did his duty well.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes wars, big and small, with grand ideas and various techniques, which let us clearly see the bloody war scenes. Among them, the description of the battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs is ups and downs, ups and downs, and it is thrilling to read.

The book is not vulgar, concise and lively, full of momentum and lively.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms has brought the upsurge of China's historical novel creation, and its series of characters are well-known in China.

There are many versions of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, mainly including: Ming Hongzhi version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with simple words and simple content; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a commentary added or deleted by Mao Zonggang in Qing Dynasty, was written in the early years of Kangxi, and it is the most widely circulated book in the society. People's Literature Publishing House reprinted many times.

In a word, Water Margin describes the oppression of the people by the feudal ruling class from top to bottom. There are upright elites among the oppressed, such as Chai Jin and Yang Zhi. Where there is oppression, there is resistance. It is of typical significance to write "Water Margin" in which Lin Chong is caught up with Liangshan, which shows the truth of "top-down insurrection". The ill-gotten wealth left by Chao Gai and others who robbed Beijing in Liang Shijie in Water Margin shows the people's resistance and attack on the exploitation of corrupt officials, which is also of typical significance. Relying on this kind of resistance, Classical and others also embarked on the road of rebellion. Bai Sheng sang a folk song in "The Plan of Intellectual Life": "The sun is like fire, the wild Tian He rice is half burnt, the farmer's heart is like soup, and the son Wang Sun shakes the fan." It also sang the injustice of the oppressed people in past dynasties and reflected the sharp contradiction between classes.

Heroes in the Water Margin took to the road of resistance, each with its own reasons and circumstances, but many people are * * * at this point. For example, Ruan Sanxia rebelled because he could not live. They were dissatisfied with the government's exploitation and actively participated in the action of robbing the "family planning", thus going to Liangshan. Jie Zhen and Jebel rebelled because they were plundered and persecuted by landlords. Lu is an officer. He hated evil and liked to fight against injustice, so he clashed with the government and was forced to go up the mountain and become an outlaw. Song Wu was born in a poor city. In order to avenge his brother, he was repeatedly framed, and finally rose up and bravely attacked the ruling class. He woke up from the lesson of blood. Lin Chongyuan was the head coach of the 800,000 imperial army in Tokyo. He is a man of status, family background and official life. He is law-abiding. However, he was forced to rebel after all. This shows that in the case of sharp and complicated class contradictions and extremely dark politics, the ruling class will inevitably split. Some of them fought back because they were rejected by the establishment, and they will also join the torrent of peasant uprisings. Angry killing Ximen Qing is selected from the illustrations in Yuan edition of Water Margin in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. Wu Yongzhi took the outline of birth from the book A Picture Book of Heroes in Chongzhen.

The Water Margin reflects the law of the occurrence and development of peasant uprising, which is gradual, step by step, and finally launched in an all-round way. Heroic uprisings are from small to large, from individual resistance to collective action, from unorganized to organized, from small hills to big hills, and finally merged into a mighty uprising. Struggle activities of Shandong, Japan and other countries. At first, most of them were forced, or fought against injustice, or out of personal retaliatory resistance. Later, they became an outlaw in Erlong Mountain, and then took part in Liangshan Uprising. At first, the "outwit the birth program" was an organized rebellion, but after Chao Gai and others came to Liangshan, they rebelled against the government on a larger scale. The armed forces of the uprising also developed from small stocks to large stocks, and finally they all gathered on the huge water margin.

Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, fully affirmed and enthusiastically eulogized these heroes, praising their rebellious spirit and just action, as well as their superb martial arts and noble character. Some heroes from the lower classes, such as Li Kui jy, San Ruan, Song Wu, Shi Xiu, etc. , the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class have the deepest feelings, so once they rebel, they have the strongest resistance, and the laws and regulations of the ruling class have no constraints on them, like Li Kui jy, even the emperor does not care. They went through fire and water for the just cause of the uprising, and the author's praise for these heroes is completely heartfelt love. The work eulogizes such a group of court robbers and traitors who are regarded by the ruling class as "killing and setting fire" and some so-called "unforgivable" sinners. It is so incisive and affectionate that the author's courage and righteous feelings can be seen. On the contrary, the author describes the figures of the ruling class as ugly, in sharp contrast with Liangshan heroes. Thereby inspiring people's love and hate. Jin Shengtan commented that "Water Margin" "No beauty does not return to the green forest, and no evil does not return to the court." Regardless of Jin Shengtan's subjective motivation, this sentence really illustrates Shi Naian's ideological tendency and the profound social significance of Water Margin.

Countless peasant uprisings have taken place in the history of China, and farmers in China have rich traditions and experiences in armed struggle. The only one that eulogizes the peasant war in the form of literature and makes a full-scale artistic reproduction truly and vividly is Water Margin. The Water Margin pays more attention to the summary of war experience when describing and praising the armed struggle of the rebels. The insurgents defeated the enemy not only by courage, but also by wisdom. There are many examples in Water Margin, among which "Three Zhujiazhuang Villages" is a prominent example. Mao Zedong once praised "Sanda Zhujiazhuang" as the best case in line with dialectics. In this campaign, Liangshan Rebel Army was able to pay attention to investigation and study, divide and disintegrate the enemy, and adopt the method of internal and external wars, and finally won the war. The description of war in Water Margin is comparable to that in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Liu Luan's "Five Stones" in the Qing Dynasty said: Zhang of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty "made people say every day that any ambush or attack was effective."

As one of the classical Four Great Classical Novels in China, it is the best mythological novel, and it is also a combination of mass creation and literati creation. The novel begins with seven stories about "making havoc in Heaven", and puts the image of the Monkey King at the top of the book. From the eighth to the twelfth, I wrote the stories of Tathagata, Guanyin becoming a monk, Kevin·Z descending dragons and the birth of Tang Priest, explaining the origin of the scriptures. From 14 to the end of the book, I wrote that the Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism to protect the Tang Priest's scriptures, and with the help of Bajie and Friar Sand, he exorcised demons all the way, which became a "positive result" in the Western Heaven.

When Nu Wa tried to make up the sky by refining stones, an unused stone was abandoned at the foot of Gengqingfeng. This stone has spiritual power, big and small, and comes and goes freely. Because I was not selected to fill the sky, I often felt sad and blamed myself. Monks, monks and Taoist priests saw his cuteness and took him to "a prosperous country, a journey of poetry and ceremony, a land of prosperous flowers and willows, a country of wealth and tenderness." I don't know how long it took. When the empty Taoist passed by, he saw his experience carved on a stone, so he copied it from beginning to end and gave it to Cao Xueqin to read, add, delete and divide chapters. Here are the things carved on the stone. There is a gourd temple outside Nagato in Gusu, adjacent to the temple where Zhen Yinshi, a township official, lives. Poor Confucian Jia Jun lives in a temple? Union? Isthmus muscle t? Terrier? Hey hey? What's the matter with you? Antagonistic oil pod column blessing? What is a seed? You said the corridor was swaying? br/>； Jinshi in the county magistrate was dismissed for being greedy for money, and later went to Lin Daiyu, the daughter of salt policy tutor Lin. Workers returning from Beijing. Jia Yucun asked Yue's family for help: Lin's mother-in-law wanted to take Daiyu to her side because she lost her mother. Lin asked to send Daiyu back to Beijing. Jia Yucun is connected with the Guo Rong family. With the help of Lin Ruhai's brother-in-law, Jia Zheng, he was appointed as Yingtianfu in Jinling.

When Daiyu entered the mansion, in addition to Jia Mu, she also met her great aunt, that is, Mrs. Xing, the wife of Jia She, and her second aunt, that is, Mrs. Wang, the wife of Jia Zheng, the niece of Mrs. Wang, the wife of Jia Lian, the son of Jia She, and Jia Baoyu, who was born in Yingchun, Tanchun, Xichun and Baoyu. Baodai and Baodai felt deja vu at first sight, but Baoyu broke his psychic jade because he saw his beautiful cousin Daiyu, which caused an unhappiness.

Jia Yucun was on trial in Yingtianfu, and Lian Win was kidnapped. The buyer is Aunt Xue's son, Mrs. Wang's sister, and Xue Pan from Imperial Merchants' House. Although Xue Pan killed the original buyer for Lian Win, Jia Yucun decided the case at will and let Xue Pan go. Xue Pan and his mother and sister Xue Baochai also live in Guo Rongfu.

Plum blossoms are in full bloom in Ningguo Mansion, and Jia Zhen's wife, You Shi, invited Jia Mu and others to enjoy the plum blossoms. Jia Baoyu took a nap, lived in Jia Zhen's daughter-in-law Qin Keqing's bedroom, fell asleep, watched the album Twelve Women in Jinling, listened to the song A Dream of Red Mansions, and had sex with the fairy Ke Qing. After waking up, wet dream was discovered by the maid and they had sex.

Wang Gou, a descendant of Beijing officials, has been reduced to farming in the countryside. Because my ancestors used to live with Mrs. Wang and Xifeng's family, I asked my mother-in-law granny Liu to go to Guo Rongfu to find Mrs. Wang for a windfall. Wang Xifeng accepted it and gave twenty taels of silver.

Xue Baochai once received a monk's golden lock and has been wearing it ever since. Daiyu was jealous of the idea of a good marriage and often secretly laughed at Baochai and warned Baoyu.

Jia Zhen's father, Jia Jing, abandoned his official position and left home to seek immortality. On his birthday, Jia Zhen held a banquet at home to celebrate. Because of Lin Ruhai's illness, Jia Lian took Daiyu to Gusu, and his brother Jia Rui molested Xifeng, who teased him and died.

After Qin Keqing died, Jia Zhen lived a luxurious life. Not only did he choose the best things, but he also spent two thousand dollars to donate a dragon to his son as a funeral set. On the way to the funeral, Feng coveted 3,200 pieces of silver, separated her lover, and made a young man and woman commit suicide in anger.

After Lin Ruhai's death, Daiyu had to live in Fu Rong. A feeling of desolation hung over her, and she often secretly shed tears, and her illness became more and more serious.

Yuan Chun, Jia Zheng's eldest daughter, was made a princess, and the emperor allowed the mothering. In order to welcome this grand ceremony, Guo Rongfu built an extremely luxurious Grand View Garden, and also purchased actresses, nuns, Taoist priests, and Miaoyu, who was born in a famous family and entered Guo Rongfu due to illness. On the night of Lantern Festival, Yuan Chun went back to her mother's house for a while and asked Baoyu and other sisters to present poems. Daiyu wanted to show off her talent, but she was ordered to write only one song. Chen Jiao, the xiren, said that he would leave Baoyu. Baoyu was deeply sorry and begged Allen not to go. Aaron took the opportunity to persuade Baoyu to study and "get down to business." Baoyu and Daiyu are young and affectionate. Because of Xue Baochai or other trivial matters. The two often quarrel, and their feelings get deeper and deeper in constant quarrels.

Baochai sang opera on her birthday, and Xiao Dan looks like Daiyu. Shi Xiangyun, the granddaughter of Grandmother Jia's family, quickly said that Baoyu was afraid of Daiyu's anger and stopped her, which made both of them angry with Baoyu. Yuan Chun is worried that the Grand View Garden will be idle. So Baoyu and his sisters moved in. Baoyu went into the garden and hung out with these girls all day; The book was so full of gas that he stole books such as The West Chamber into the garden and Baoyu and Daiyu enjoyed them together. This is a classic era.

Jia Huan, the son of Jia Zheng's aunt Zhao and Baoyu's brother, was jealous of Baoyu. When he copied the scriptures, he accidentally dropped a candle and burned Baoyu. Mrs. Wang cursed Aunt Zhao. Aunt Zhao hated Xi-feng, so she asked Ma Daopo to cast her magic, which nearly killed Xi-feng and Baoyu. Monks and lame Taoist priests rubbed psychic jade and saved them. Daiyu's personality was melancholy, and the flowers fell in the late spring, so she was buried. Her name was Hua Zhong, and she wrote Flower Burial. Baoyu's maid Wen Qing dropped the fan, so Baoyu told him. Aroma advised her, she retorted, she was sarcastic, and Baoyu was so angry that he wanted to drive her away. Qingwen enjoys the cool in the evening. Baoyu told her to tear the fan to make her laugh. On one occasion, Shi Xiangyun advised Baoyu to talk about his career, and Baoyu grabbed the white, saying that Daiyu never said such a fucking thing; Daiyu happened to pass by, and I was very happy to hear it. Jin Chuaner, Lady Wang's maid, molested Baoyu and was driven out of the well by Lady Wang and died. Jia Huan told Jia Zheng. Baoyu also made friends with Jiang Yuhan, a favorite actor of Zhongshun Wang Ye, which made Wang Ye send someone to look for him. Jia Zheng was furious and beat Jia Baoyu to pieces. Mrs. Wang asked xiren to tell her. Decided that Xiren would be Baoyu's concubine in the future.

There was nothing to do in the Grand View Garden, so Tan Chun advocated the establishment of a poetry club. Singing Bai Haitang for the first time, Baochai won the championship; The second time I wrote chrysanthemum poems, Lin Daiyu overwhelmed everyone.

Granny Liu entered the mansion, and when the old lady found out, she settled down. Diners who hold a banquet in the Grand View Garden and make fun of their daughters; This sophisticated old woman is also willing to play this role. Grandmother Jia took Granny Liu to visit the Grand View Garden. In Longcui Temple, Miaoyu entertained Daiyu and Baochai for tea, and Baoyu also showed his face.

To celebrate Xifeng's birthday, everyone has held a banquet since the time of Grandmother Jia. Xifeng drank too much and wanted to go home and rest. I ran into Jia Lian seducing the servant girl. Xifeng is crying. Forced the maid to hang herself, and the grandmother forced Jia Lian to make amends to Xi 'an.

Because of the order of drinking, Daiyu quoted a few verses from The West Chamber, which Baochai noticed and tolerated, and their relationship improved. Daiyu admitted that Baochai was a good person, and she was oversensitive. Dai Yu wrote "Autumn Window Storm" to express her sadness. Jia She took a fancy to Jia's maid Yuanyang and asked Mrs. Xing to find Jia. Yuanyang refused, and the old lady refused, so she reprimanded Mrs. Xing. The relationship between Jia Mu and Jia She is even worse. At a banquet, Xue Pan molested Liu, who was good at singing and dancing and generous, and was afraid of retaliation, and fled to other places. Xue Pan lost face and went out to do business. His concubine Xiang Ling (Lian Ying) went to the Grand View Garden to study poetry. Several girls from relatives came to the Grand View Garden to make poems and quizzes, which was an unprecedented excitement and joy. Xiren went home because her mother was ill. Qingwen caught a cold at night and burned herself very hot. Baoyu celebrated his uncle's birthday, and Grandmother Jia gave him a sparrow gold robe made of peacock hair by a Russian tailor. He accidentally burned a hole. When I come back at night, the tailors in the street are afraid to mend it. Qingwen was seriously ill and made up for it overnight.

At the end of the year, the Ningguo government paid the rent first, and the number of things sent was amazing, but Jia Zhen was still too little. Because of hard work during the Chinese New Year, Xi-feng miscarried and couldn't manage her family, so Tan Chun, Baochai, Li Wan and others cooperated with the director. Tanchun was born to Aunt Zhao, and Aunt Zhao's brother died. Tanchun didn't give much money as usual, and mother and daughter had a big fight. Tanchun has also implemented some reforms in the park, appointing special personnel to manage various places, which not only handed over some property, but also gave some benefits to the managers.

In order to test Baoyu's sincerity to Daiyu, Daiyu's maid, Zijuan, assumed that Daiyu would return to Gusu, but Baoyu believed it and was insane. As a result, Daiyu understood Baoyu's psychology better, and everyone thought that their marriage was happy. Daiyu wanted to recognize Aunt Xue as a godmother, and they reached the most harmonious period.

Guo Rong Mansion is full of contradictions. Jia Huan met rosacea at Baoyu's place and asked for some. Baoyu's maid Fang Guan gave Jia Huan some jasmine powder. Aunt Zhao went to Baoyu to make a scene. Fang Guan also gave her foster mother some rose dew to lure her nephew to steal poria cream. Several things made a mess, almost breaking the balance between servants. Baoyu was celebrating his birthday when Jia Jing Tundan died. Your country has a busy funeral. Please ask my mother and sister You Erjie and You Sanjie for help. Jia Lian sees the second sister is beautiful, wants to be a mistress, and lives outside. Second sister and Jia Zhen are not innocent, Jia Zhen wants to make waves, and Jia Lian wants to play with Third Sister for Jia Zhen's sake. You Sanjie was awed and cursed Jane and Lian, saying that she had a lover who hit Xue Pan. Jia She told Jia Lian to go out on business, and also told Jia Lian, Lu Yu and Xue Pan to go out on business. Xue Pan met a robber and was saved by Liu. They became brothers, Jia Lian was Liu's matchmaker, and Liu agreed. After arriving in Beijing, Liu Xian gave Third Sister's mother a dowry. Baoyu became suspicious while chatting with you. He went to ask for a gift to end his marriage. You Sanjie committed suicide and Liu became a monk. Xifeng knew that Jia Lian had stolen the marriage and pretended to be virtuous. Take second sister into the house. Please ask Jia Mu and others to agree. Jia Lian came back and gave him a concubine. Xifeng used my aunt's hand to force Second Sister You to swallow gold and commit suicide. The maid silly elder sister carried it to a sachet embroidered with erotic palace pictures in the garden, and Mrs. Wang was furious. Egged on by some maids, Chaojian Grand View Garden was timid and allowed to be driven away. Tanchun was angry and took it out on the servant girl; At this time, Xichun broke off contact with her brother and sister-in-law. Qingwen was driven out by Mrs. Wang and died with regret; Jia Baoyu was helpless and wrote Lotus as a sacrifice to her. After Xue Pan married his wife Xia Jingui, she greedily married Baochan, a servant girl, and Jingui agreed to get rid of Xiangling. Inspired by summer. Xue gave Xiangling a good beating, but Aunt Xue wouldn't let her. Xia and her mother-in-law quarreled. Xue Pan can't be at home. Had to go out.

Later, due to the loss of the original, the content is unknown. In the last century, some scholars, such as Mr. Yu Pingbo, Mr. Zhou and Mr. Lin, began to systematically discuss the post-80s plots according to the existing writing characteristics of the 1980s.

Robinson was born in a respectable merchant family, eager to sail and bent on seeing something overseas. He went to sea without telling his father. On his first voyage, he was caught in a big storm and the ship sank. He managed to escape and save his life. The second time I went out to sea to do business in Africa, I made a fortune. The third time, he was unfortunately captured by the Moors and became a slave. Later, he escaped by rowing his master's boat and was rescued by a Portuguese cargo ship on the way. After the ship arrived in Brazil, he bought a manor there and became the owner of the manor. Not content with getting rich in this way, he went out to sea and sold slaves in Africa.

On the way, the ship was attacked by a storm and all the sailors and passengers on board were killed. Only Robinson survived and drifted to an isolated island. He made a raft from the mast of the sunken ship, transported the food, clothes, guns, ammunition and tools from the ship to the shore again and again, and set up a tent on the hillside to settle down. Then he put a fence around the tent with sharpened stakes and dug a hole behind the tent to live. He used simple tools to make furniture such as tables and chairs, hunted game for food, and drank the water in the stream to tide over the initial difficulties.

He started planting barley and rice on the island, making wooden mortar, pestle and sieve, processing flour and baking coarse bread. He captured and domesticated wild goats and let them breed. He also makes pottery and so on to ensure his own needs. Even so, Robinson never gave up looking for a way to leave the island. He cut down a big tree and spent five or six months making a canoe, but the boat was too heavy to drag into the sea, so he had to give up all his previous efforts and build a small one himself.

Robinson lived alone on the island for 18 years. One day, he found that the coast of the island was covered with human bones, which had been burnt. It turned out that a group of savages from outer islands held a feast of human flesh here. Robinson was surprised. Since then, he has increased his vigilance and paid more attention to the things around him. Until the 26th year, another group of savages came to the island, ready to kill the captive. Robinson found and rescued one of them. Robinson named the rescued aborigines "Friday". From then on, "Friday" became Robinson's loyal servant and friend. Then Robinson took Friday to rescue a Spaniard and Friday's father. Not long after, an English ship docked near the island and found that the sailors on board had defected, kidnapped the captain and abandoned the captain and the first mate on board. Robinson and Friday helped the captain subdue the sailors and take back the ship. He left the sailors on the island, the captain left the desert island and returned to England with Robinson on Friday. By this time, Robinson had been away from home for 35 years. He got married in England and has three children. After his wife died, Robinson went out to sea for business again, passing through the desert island where he lived. At this time, the sailors and Spaniards who stayed on the island have settled down and thrived. Robinson sent new immigrants, gave them the land on the island, left them all kinds of daily necessities, and left the island contentedly.

Brief Introduction of Camel Xiangzi

About the author: Lao She (1899—— 1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, was born in a poor family in the city.

Nationality: China.

Solution: The name Camel Xiangzi may have two meanings: one is to point out the central content and describe the tragic story of rickshaw pullers; The second is to compare Xiangzi's character with camel's hard-working and taciturn characteristics.

Style: novel

Hero: Xiangzi

Introduction and theme of the work: The title of "Camel Xiangzi" is clearly explained at the beginning, indicating that what we are going to introduce here is not camels, but rickshaw driver Xiangzi, because Xiangzi once exchanged three camels for dozens of dollars, thus leaving the nickname "Camel". Xiangzi is the hero of this novel, and the whole novel takes Xiangzi's life experience as the focus and structural center of description. Based on the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s, the novel narrates the struggle and depravity of rickshaw driver Xiangzi, truly describes the tragic fate of rickshaw driver Xiangzi, accuses the cannibal old society, and points out that taking the road of individual struggle to liberate himself is doomed to failure, and the dark old society has turned people into ghosts. It expresses the author's concern and sympathy for the suffering and fate of workers struggling at the bottom of society, and praises Xiangzi's excellent qualities of diligence, simplicity, kindness and progress.

The novel reveals the root of Xiangzi's tragic fate through a true description of the changing process of Xiangzi's thought and character.

First of all, Xiangzi's tragedy is a powerful accusation against the unreasonable system in the old society. The novel reveals the social roots of Xiangzi's tragedy in many ways. In the countryside, the cruel oppression of the landlord class made Xiangzi's family lose everything. After being forced to come to the city, you still can't escape the fate of being oppressed and exploited. All these phenomena are by no means accidental. They are all products of the dark old social system. In such a social environment, Xiangzi, an unconscious individual worker, can only "live in pain and die with grievances", and no matter how hard he struggles, he can't get rid of bad karma's fate. The old system and society not only swallowed Xiangzi's car and savings, but also swallowed up the good moral character and the will to make progress of the working people.

Secondly, the road of personal struggle is the internal ideological root of Xiangzi's tragedy, and Xiangzi's tragedy is a complete denial of the road of personal struggle. As an unawakened individual worker, Xiangzi had an urgent need to change his living conditions, but he didn't see clearly the social essence at that time and didn't know what road to take to achieve liberation fundamentally. He believes that "based on his body and strength, as long as he scrimps and saves, ... as long as he is willing to grind his teeth, nothing can be done." This kind of ideological understanding was very representative among the individual workers at that time. However, in that evil old society, individual struggle is not the way for working people to get rid of poverty at all. Therefore, there is an insurmountable sharp contradiction between Xiangzi's ideal and reality. It can be seen from the concrete description of the work that in Xiangzi's desperate struggle, what he resisted was by no means isolating someone, but the whole society-an endless dark net.

Main content: It tells the bitter story of an ordinary rickshaw driver. Xiangzi is honest, strong and persistent.