How to take protective measures under epidemic situation?

Normalization of epidemic prevention and control

Personal protection is very important.

"The epidemic prevention and control is normalized, and personal protection is very important." Ma Jianming said, first of all, we should adjust our mentality, truly accept the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, and effectively change some behavior habits and lifestyles. For example, wear a mask scientifically, keep a social distance, cover your nose and mouth or bend your elbows with paper towels when coughing and sneezing, reduce unnecessary gathering activities, have more ventilation indoors, wash your hands frequently, use public chopsticks, and try not to touch your mouth, eyes and nose in public places. This is not only the need of epidemic prevention and control, but also the need of improving everyone's health literacy, and it is also the normal lifestyle in the future.

Secondly, we should continue to pay attention to the new policies of national and local epidemic prevention and control measures. Due to the uncertainty of epidemic development, epidemic prevention and control measures will be adjusted accordingly. With the recovery of production and living order, everyone's attention will shift, and the attention to policies and information related to epidemic prevention and control may also decrease. Therefore, to do a good job in the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, we need to pay attention to epidemic prevention and control at all times to avoid paralysis or relaxation.

Don't panic too much once there are sporadic cases or cluster epidemics around you. After the previous stage of epidemic prevention and control, governments at all levels, the medical system and the public have accumulated some experience, improved their prevention and control capabilities, and are also psychologically prepared to deal with them. Therefore, once the epidemic situation or rebound occurs again in some areas, it is necessary to actively cooperate with the national and local prevention and control requirements, adjust the mentality in time, and respond scientifically and orderly.

Ma Jianming reminded that special attention should be paid to food safety during the epidemic, and food should be cleaned, cooked and thoroughly cooked, which is very important to ensure food safety; Wash your hands frequently when handling food, including the whole process of packaging materials, and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unclean hands; Chopsticks and knives used in raw and cooked food should be handled separately to avoid cross-contamination; After cooking, countertops, containers and kitchen utensils should be cleaned and disinfected.

In and out of farmers' markets, wholesale markets, supermarkets and other places, it is best to wear masks all the time to avoid the peak of people flow and shorten the stay time; Reduce contact with raw fish, raw meat and other food raw materials, wash your hands in time after returning home, and pay special attention to avoid close contact with people with cold or flu-like symptoms; If you have fever, dry cough, fatigue and other abnormal symptoms, go to the nearby fever clinic in time, wear a mask all the time, and try to avoid taking public transport.

Wear a mask and wash your hands frequently.

Two measures are the most effective.

"If you want to wear a mask, you must first understand the risk level in your area." Ma Jianming said that the higher the risk level, the higher the requirements for wearing masks, and they should be worn more strictly according to the specifications. Secondly, it depends on the local area, including the living area, hotel and work unit. Whether these environmental management standards are strict or not is also a reference for us to choose mask types and whether to wear masks.

"Wearing a mask is based on the judgment of the risk of infection. First look at the source of infection, and then judge the exposure risk level. " Ma Jianming said that we can decide whether to wear a mask from four aspects. First, it depends on whether there may be people gathering where we are or where we are going. If there are many people and the distance is close, wear masks in strict accordance with the requirements. Second, it depends on the length of time we stay in this environment. If you just pass by, such as passing by the door of the vegetable market, you don't have to wear it; If you stay inside for a long time, such as flying, the flight time may take two hours, so always wear a mask. In an environment like high-speed rail, you should wear it even for half an hour or less. Third, it depends on whether the area is well ventilated. If it is open-air, outdoor, and there is no close contact, there is no need to wear a mask; If the indoor ventilation is good, this situation is relatively safe, otherwise it is not safe, such as the underground farmers' market, where the air circulation is poor, which has great environmental risks. Fourth, see if we know the people around us and can judge his safety. For example, a bus conductor, it is difficult for people around him to verify where he is from, whether he is from an epidemic area or not, and whether he is safe, so he has to wear a mask. If it is clear whether the contact person is safe, just like we are in the office, the context of our colleague is very clear, and so are the people in his family. At this time, if you can keep a certain distance, you don't have to wear it.

In addition, there are three special situations to wear masks: first, in some relatively closed public places, such as buses, elevators and crowded public places, because these places may come into contact with some people with unknown infection status; Second, when you are sick, especially when you have symptoms of fever, cough and respiratory infection, you should wear a mask, mainly to avoid transmitting the source of the disease to others; Third, in certain circumstances, such as going to hospitals, barbershops, swimming pools, cinemas and so on.

"Another very effective protective measure to prevent and control the epidemic is to do a good job of hand hygiene." Ma Jianming pointed out that besides washing hands before and after meals, there are actually many things. For example, hand hygiene should be done before cleaning and after pollution, before touching food, eating or processing food; Other things will be polluted, such as garbage or coins, or taking care of patients. Hand hygiene should also be done.

Hand hygiene not only refers to ordinary hand washing, but also includes hand disinfection. Wash your hands with tap water, hand sanitizer or soap, and adopt the "six-step washing method"; Hand disinfection can use quick-drying hand disinfectant or other types of hand disinfectant to wipe hands, and the method must be in place. Only by choosing a suitable hand disinfectant can we really achieve the effect of hand disinfection. It is worth reminding that the degree of pollution varies with the items your hands touch. When there are obvious pollutants on your hands, you must wash your hands, and you can't use hand disinfectant directly, because the organic matter on your hands will affect the disinfection effect of hand disinfectant; If there are no clear pollutants on your hands, you can directly rub or wash your hands with hand disinfectant.

Ma Jianming stressed that during the epidemic period of infectious diseases, hand hygiene should be further strengthened, and the good habit of washing hands frequently or hand disinfection should be formed.

The following three places

How to do personal protection well

"When you go to the hospital to see a doctor, you must do personal protection." Ma Jianming said that before going to the hospital, make an appointment to register, make an appointment to see a doctor, and seek medical treatment nearby according to your own situation to reduce the risk of infection on the way. Reasonable arrangements for travel, it is recommended to travel by private car or walk or ride a bike. When you have to take public transport, you should strengthen personal protection and try to keep a certain distance from others. After arriving at the hospital, it is recommended to wear a mask all the time. If conditions permit, it is recommended to take the stairs. If you must take the van elevator, it is recommended to take the stairs separately to avoid gathering. When queuing, try to keep a distance of more than one meter. In the process of medical treatment, it is suggested to minimize the operation of taking the number and pressing the elevator. After touching the surface of objects in these public areas, you should wash your hands in time or rub your hands with quick-drying hand disinfectant. Get out of the hospital as soon as possible after seeing a doctor and wash your hands when you get home.

"When you go to the cinema to watch movies, you must also do personal protection." Ma Jianming said: First, give priority to online ticket purchase or on-site code scanning ticket purchase; You need to keep a social distance of one meter when purchasing tickets or other items on site; Second, try to avoid direct contact with the surface of public equipment or facilities in theaters, especially to strengthen hand hygiene, wash your hands frequently or use hand disinfectant and disinfectant wipes, and cover your nose and mouth with paper towels and elbows when sneezing; The third is to reduce meeting with friends and watching movies, and try to watch movies by yourself or with your family. Don't talk too much in the cinema to reduce close gathering; The fourth is to carry a mask with you. When you are in close contact with others, especially within one meter, you should wear a mask.

"When you go swimming in the swimming pool, you should pay attention to the hygiene of the swimming pool." Ma Jianming said that the hygiene and safety of swimming pools are very important, including water, air and supplies, and customers should choose swimming pools that meet the standards. Some high-frequency contact parts of the swimming pool should be disinfected regularly to achieve "one guest, one use and one disinfection". When consumers enter the swimming pool, they must first accept the management of the swimming pool operators, such as measuring their body temperature and showing their health codes. Customers should take a good shower before entering the pool, disinfect their feet before entering the pool, and maintain good personal hygiene habits in the pool.

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