How does Mao Zedong evaluate Liu Che, the emperor of Han Dynasty?

During the reign of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, centralization of authority was greatly strengthened, hundreds of schools were deposed, Confucianism was the only one, and a "favor decree" was issued, which made the territory of governors smaller and smaller, their influence weakened, and the central jurisdiction expanded day by day. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched three wars against Xiongnu, relieved the threat of Xiongnu, and opened an important channel for Han and Tong Xi. Created the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty. In June 1957, when talking with Wu Lengxi and others, Mao Zedong commented: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was wise and developed Liu Bang's achievements. In his later years, he knew the disadvantages of extravagance, arrogance and alchemy, and committed crimes, which was the heyday. "

During the Western Han Dynasty, the relationship between Han and Xiongnu experienced three stages, namely, the humiliating "pro-intimacy" stage from Liu Bang to Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, the cruel war stage during the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and the stage of "showing your majesty to the frontier" and harmonious coexistence thereafter. To Wang Mang, this harmonious situation was once destroyed.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi, Xiongnu was invaded by tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of riders, and once burned back to the palace (in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province). "Bonfire attached to oasis, attached to changan. "JingDi, also repeatedly harassed. Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi practiced the policy of "intimacy" while defending. At the same time, they immigrated to the open areas in the north and settled in the fields; There is a large-scale military grain storage under the plug; Implement the "Horse Service Order" in China and vigorously breed horses; We have also strengthened the training of foot soldiers and produced a large number of weapons. These are all positive preparations for countering the Huns.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he first took measures to establish the imperial court and divided the whole country into 13 monitoring areas to strengthen and consolidate centralization, and began to wage war against Xiongnu in the second year of Yuanguang (133). During the ten years from the first year of Yuan Shuo (128 BC) to the fourth year of Yuan Zhen (1 19 BC), there were three wars in * * *. The first world war was in the second year of yuanshuo. This year, the Huns invaded with 20,000 riders and killed the satrap. Wei Qing, a general of the Han Dynasty, led 30,000 troops to attack the Huns, recovered the land of Henan (now Yikezhao, Inner Mongolia), and set up Shuofang and Wuyuan counties. Relieved the Xiongnu's threat to the capital Chang 'an. The Second World War was two years ago in the Yuan Dynasty (12 1 year ago). General Huo Qubing led tens of thousands of people to ride north to attack the Xiongnu, out of Longxi and Beidi, and went deep into the Xiongnu for more than 2,000 miles, winning the Hexi Corridor. The Han Dynasty established Jiuquan and Wucheng here, followed by Zhangye and Dunhuang, which were the four counties in Hexi. Xiongnu withdrew from Hexi Corridor. I made up a song "I miss Hexi", and the lyrics said: "If I die in Qilian Mountain, my six animals will not rest at dusk; If I lose Yan Zhishan, my woman will have no color. " Han captured Hexi Corridor, which cut off the contact between Xiongnu and Qiang people and opened an important channel for communication between Han and the western regions.

The third world war was in the fourth year of yuanshou (1 19). Xiongnu rode into the right Beiping and Dingxiang counties, each with tens of thousands, killing slightly. Liang Wudi went through customs, Wei Qing Dingxiang and Huo Qubing Dai Jun, each with 50,000 cavalry, hundreds of thousands of infantry and 40,000 volunteers, not counting food. Wei Qing was defeated by Khan in the army, and since then, Mongolia has returned from the south. Huo went more than 2,000 miles and defeated Zuo Jun until the wolf lived in Qingshan (east of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) and confronted the Han Sea (now Hulun Lake and Bell Lake). From then on, the Huns moved north to Mobei. In the Han Dynasty, 600,000 officers and men settled in the west from Shuofang (now Yongdeng, Gansu) to strengthen the defense against China.

In the Sino-Hungarian War, Korea lost tens of thousands of soldiers and more than 100,000 military forces, making it impossible to wage a large-scale war. Xiongnu also suffered heavy losses, and then split into five parts, attacking and killing each other. The leader of one of the tribes, Uhaanyehe, surrendered to the Han Dynasty and moved south to the Great Wall, demanding to be close to the Han Dynasty. Han and Hungary have been friendly since then. Other Xiongnu departments still live in Mobei and have contacts with Han; Some people moved westward to northern Xinjiang and Central Asia today.

1957 June 13 When talking with Wu Lengxi and others, Mao Zedong spoke highly of the two measures taken by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to consolidate the political power: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was wise and developed Liu Bang's achievements. In his later years, he knew the disadvantages of extravagance, extravagance and extravagance, and alchemy, and committed crimes, which was a prosperous time." Just as a generation of emperors, it seems that "there is a slight loss of literary talent." In history, there are not a few emperors like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who "knew the disadvantages of alchemists in his later years and committed them". Emperor Wu is a man, not a god, and it is impossible not to make mistakes. As long as we can recognize our mistakes and change our ways in time, it should also be said that it is a higher level of ingenuity in political struggle.