Xu's migration

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Mu led a rebellion in Dongyi and was defeated. Xu Yanwang deserted the country and fled. Tens of thousands of people followed him in the mountains around Pengcheng (now Xuzhou), that is, from Sihong County, Jiangsu Province to Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. It was also during this period that Xu Guolu continued to develop a number of small countries, including Shu, Shu Yong, Shu Liao, Shu Long and so on. Xu said in the book China Ancient History Legendary Times: "Shu Qun is Xu Qun. Others left Zuzhou with their old names: those who lived in Liaoning were called Shu Liao, that is, Xu Liao; Those who live in Yong land are called Shu Yong, that is, Xu Yong. This group of small tribes with comfortable names are all branches from Xu Fang. I have been away from Zongbang for a long time, and the font used may be slightly different. From different fonts, Xu Qun became Shu Qun. These tribes also have their own princes, but they all take Xu as their country. " Contrary to Xu Yanwang's going north to Xuzhou, after leaving the old country, Shu Qun went south from Sihong County in Jiangsu and Sixian County in Anhui, and settled in Shucheng County, Lujiang County and Chaoxian County on the north bank of the Yangtze River today. Later, it was destroyed by the state of Chu, forming surnames such as Shu, Shu Zi, Shu Liao, and Shu Jiu.

Today, Sixian County in Anhui and Sihong County in Jiangsu on the north bank of Huaihe River are the ancestral homes of Xu people. Before the demise of Xu, Xu people migrated from north to south in the area north of the Yangtze River with their ancestral home as the center. Roughly taking the Huaihe River as the central axis, it reaches Xuzhou in Jiangsu and even Qufu in Shandong in the north, and Shucheng County, Lujiang County and Chaoxian County in Anhui Province in the south. Mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, limited to the eastern coastal areas south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River, including northeast Anhui, northwest Jiangsu and southern Shandong.

After Xu's death, his adherents moved to many places:

1. One of Xu's adherents moved northward and once again moved to Shandong, where they multiplied and developed, and then gradually moved westward into today's Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi areas. Xu in Chunqiu Zuozhuan is a courtier Xu Niu in the twenty-third year and a princess Xu Ying in 17. Qi and Guo are both in the present Shandong area. Xu Jie, a teacher of Lu Zhonglian, Xu Bi, a disciple of Mencius, a poor girl in the East China Sea and a famous handsome man in the Warring States period were all from the State of Qi. It can be seen that Shandong in the pre-Qin period is the main distribution area of Xu people. Xu Wugui, recorded in Zhuangzi, was a hermit in the Warring States period and was once a mountain man of Wei. In "The Warring States Policy Yance", the Huang people were outside the Song Dynasty, and Mrs. Xu, who was good at using swords, was from Zhao. The fact that Wei and Song are in present-day Henan and Zhao is in Shanxi and Hebei proves that Xu people migrated from the eastern coast to the west. The Book of Surnames compiled by the Southern Dynasties included five earlier counties named Xu, namely Donghai, Gaoping, Dongguan, Langya and Puyang, of which the first four were in Shandong and the last one was in Henan, which was not unrelated to the migration of Xu in the pre-Qin period. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Ministers' Lineage Table, Zhang Yu's 13 Sun Xu was once the prime minister of Qin Zhuang Wang Xiang, the father of Qin Shihuang. This shows that at the latest at the end of the Warring States period, the Xu family had moved westward to Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Xinfeng county, one of the top ten counties in the Xu family, has something to do with this.

2. A adherent came to Chu with Xu Jun and Changyu, and settled in Yugan, Gao 'an and Linjiang areas in western Jiangxi today, that is, the Xinjiang Valley today, where yugan county was established in the Han Dynasty.

3. After being annexed by the State of Wu, some people stayed on their land and became subjects of the State of Wu, and some even became important officials of the State of Wu. For example, according to Zuo Zhuan, Wu sent a doctor program to lead a shipmaster to attack Qi from the sea. Here are the adherents of Xu Zhou.

4. A adherent went south to Yushui (called Tushui in ancient times, now around Chuhe River in Chuxian County) and settled here. The Sui Dynasty set up Chu County here.

5. A migrant moved south, crossed the Yangtze River for the first time and settled in Yuhang Mountain. Yuhang County (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) was established here in the Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the Xu people formed a famous county here: the Xu family in Zhejiang County.

6. A group of adherents continued to go south until they reached the southeast of China, and developed into today's ethnic minority She, also known as She, She Hakka or She. Xu and she have similar ancient sounds. According to the records in the History of Taoism, Zhong Lishi is a branch of Xu people, and later people called him Zhong. There are many Zhong surnames in She nationality, probably descendants of Zhong Lishi, a branch of Xu people.

Qin and Han dynasties

In the pre-Qin period, although Xu moved westward to present-day Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Shaanxi, and crossed the river to develop southward for the first time, its main distribution area was still in the eastern coastal areas of China, concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River, especially in the area north of the Huaihe River, including present-day southern Shandong, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xu got initial development in this area and spread to all directions.

After Wu Xu's death, Zhang Yu, grandson of 13 Xu Zi, moved to Guanzhong and became the prime minister of Qinzhuang, Wang Xiang. Xu Fuzheng traveled eastward to Japan and spread abroad from the coastal areas of southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu, the ancestral home of Xu.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the most famous person was Xu, especially in Shandong today. For example, Xu Fu, who sought the elixir of life for Qin Shihuang's eastward voyage to Japan, Xu Li, Dong Guan Hou, Taishou * * *, official doctor Xu Sheng, Xu Liang, Xu Fang, Xu Bo, Xu Xuan, Xu Ye and Xu Yue, all of whom were from Shandong, are numerous for Xu's descendants. In addition, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Fang was from Suixi, Anhui, Huang Xu from Suining, Jiangsu, Xu Miao from Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Xu Xu from Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and Xu Zhi from Nanchang, Jiangxi. According to the Xu Family Tree of Donghai Hall, Xu Zhi, the ancestor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, moved to Nanchang Prefecture (now Nanchang City) in Jiangxi Province. The second ancestor (Ji) moved to Longyou County, Quzhou, Zhejiang; The third ancestor Xu Yong lived in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Xu Sheng lived in Nanchang, Jiangxi, Xu Qi lived in Xinyang County, Suzhou, Xu Hong lived in Xin 'an, Zhejiang, and Xu Fan lived in Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). These people, surnamed Xu, are distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and have been growing and forming the East China Sea, the Great Wall, and other future counties and counties.

During this period, some people surnamed Xu moved from the eastern coast to the Guanzhong area, such as Xuchang in Qin, Xu Ao in Guo (now Baoji, Shaanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty, and Xu Gan in Ping Ling (now northwest Xianyang, Shaanxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because the political center of Qin and Han dynasties was in Guanzhong, some people named Xu moved to Guanzhong in order to be an official. In addition, friends who had moved to Kanto in Qin and Han Dynasties moved to Chang 'an, and Xu Ye, a native of Langdai (now Jiaonan, Shandong Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, became a university student in Fufeng (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province), which is proof of this migration. Xinfeng County, one of the ten counties of the Xu family, was formed because the Xu family moved to Guanzhong continuously in later generations. In addition, during this period, people surnamed Xu also moved to Tianjin, Gansu, Guangxi, Fujian and other places.

During this period, the main reason for Xu's diaspora was the continuous war. During the Three Kingdoms period, the dispute between Shu and Wu, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" which lasted for 16 years in the late Western Jin Dynasty just ended, and the "Yongjia Rebellion" initiated by Liu Yuan and Liu Cong, the Xiongnu nobles, further intensified social contradictions, and people of all ethnic groups revolted in succession. Northern Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Shi and Qiang nobles took the opportunity to arise and seize power. Migration has a long duration, large scale and wide scope, forming three major tributaries:

Some people living in Shaanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi today were called "Qin Yong Liu Ren" at that time. They migrated from one place to another, went downstream along the Hanshui River basin, crossed the Yangtze River to Dongting Lake, went upstream along Hunan to Guilin, and moved along the Xijiang River to central or western Guangdong.

Some people living in present-day Henan and Hebei are called "Rain People in Liu Si". After crossing the Yangtze River, they moved to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, or went down the Yangtze River to Anhui and central Jiangsu, or went up the Ganjiang River to reach the junction of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.

Today, some people living in Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui are called "Qingxu Liu Ren". They also migrated from one place to another, descended along the Huaihe River, crossed the Yangtze River and distributed in Taihu Lake area, and further reached the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian. Most elites in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and even the Southern Dynasties, such as Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, came from this immigrant.

Many people also joined these three migration armies, especially the third team called "Green Xu". For example, in the Three Kingdoms, Xu Xuan, a native of Dongguan (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province) and Haixi (now Zhuo Jun County, Hebei Province), all took refuge in Jiangdong, and in the Three Kingdoms, a native of Langya, Wu, later lived in Wudi, becoming a famous Wu. During the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, Xu Chengzhi, an ancient shepherd in Dongguan (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province), and Zangkun, a fellow villager, led more than 1,000 children and villagers across the Yangtze River and settled in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), becoming a famous local family. Xu Wensheng's ancestral home in the Liang Dynasty was Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). He and his father Xu Qing led 1000 people across the river and became senior officials of the Liang Dynasty. Xu Jian, a native of Dongguan in the Northern Wei Dynasty, moved south and settled in Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

Most of these gentry and people who moved from the north to the south lived together and maintained their original native place. Therefore, the ruling clique set up overseas Chinese prefectures, counties and counties to resettle the northern gentry in order to ease the contradiction between the North and the South and consolidate the political power. In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, overseas states, counties and counties used the original names of the north, such as Xuzhou in Jingkou, Linyi County in Jiangcheng (now Jurong in Jiangsu). After the recovery of Qing Xu and other states, Emperor Wu of Song added the word "North" before the original state and county names, which was different from overseas Chinese. After the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song cancelled the word "North" and added the word "South" before the names of overseas Chinese states and counties.

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

During this period, the political and economic center of the country was still concentrated in the Yellow River basin, so all previous wars occurred in this area, while the south was relatively stable and mostly undeveloped and barren, which became the reason and condition for Xu Nan's move. During this period, Xu's southward migration can be divided into three periods. The first time happened in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties. In the process of regime change at the end of Sui Dynasty, various forces clashed, and people in the north were forced to move south to escape the war, including some people named Xu. Especially in the second year of Tang Gaozong (669), the court sent Chen Zheng, a native of Gushi, Henan Province, as the general manager of Lingnan March, and led his troops to suppress the "wild and noisy chaos" in southern Fujian. Afraid of the crowd, he retreated to Jiulong Mountain. The court also sent Zheng Chen's brothers Chen Fan and Chen Fu to lead the 58th Army to reinforce. Later, under the leadership of his son, the rebellion was put down, and more than 7,000 Central Plains soldiers * * * who entered Fujian twice with Chen and his son all settled in Fujian, and Xu was no exception.

Xu's second southward migration took place during the "An Shi Rebellion". In the 14th year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (755), Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong towns, our time enabled An Lushan to launch a rebellion, capture Luoyang and Chang 'an, and sent his troops Shi Siming to occupy thirteen counties in Hebei. The "Anshi Rebellion" lasted for eight years, ravaged the people in the Central Plains, and the population of the Central Plains decreased sharply because a large number of people who died in the war moved south. Many people surnamed Xu in the Central Plains were also forced to move south in these upheavals.

Xu's third southward migration took place during the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. The scale of Huang Chao Uprising was huge, and the number of insurgents grew rapidly to hundreds of thousands. They crossed the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River, passed through Jiangxi and western Zhejiang, and arrived in eastern Zhejiang. They drove 700 miles of mountain roads and conquered counties in Fujian. In the second year (879), Wang Ba entered Lingnan and conquered Guangzhou, and the team grew to one million. Then the insurgents went north, passed through Hunan and Hubei, conquered Luoyang to the north, and captured Chang 'an to the west. The Huang Chao Uprising lasted for more than ten years, moving to the north and south. Many people surnamed Xu followed the insurgents south, and some settled in the local area.

Song dynasty to modern times

In October, the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 126), the Jin Bing captured Kaifeng and took away Hui Di and Qin Emperor, which is known as "the difficulty of Jingkang". 1 127 years, the Song Dynasty moved south, with its capital in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The scale of this migration was huge, and a group of people surnamed Xu also moved from Jiangbei to Jiangnan. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing wars, people surnamed Xu moved from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Taiwan Province provinces.

According to the genealogy of the Xu family in Donghai Hall, at the end of the Song Dynasty, the Xu family moved from Shicheng County in Jiangxi Province to Shanghang and Liancheng counties in Tingzhou, Fujian Province, and moved to Fengshun, Haifeng, Meixian, Nankeng in Chaozhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and moved to Changle in the Ming Dynasty, and then moved to Dongshi and Yihua.

According to the genealogy of Chongzheng Tongren, the Xu family moved from Ningdu, Jiangxi Province to Wuhua County, Guangdong Province at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Heping Xu Family Tree, the Xu family set out from Jishui, Jiangxi Province in the early Yuan Dynasty and moved to peace county from Fujian with the Southern Song Emperor. According to the genealogy of the Xu family in Lantian, the Xu family in Lantian was originally from Shibi, Ninghua, Fujian, and moved to Lantian, Jieyang, Guangdong in the Ming Hongwu period.

Xu entered Taiwan in the late Ming Dynasty. According to the Records of Taiwan Province Province, in the 18th year of Li Yong in the late Ming Dynasty (1665), Xu Fuyuan moved to Taiwan Province Province for the first time, and the following year Xu Yuan moved to Kulang Village, Xibao, Dakulang, Taiwan Province Province. In the 28th year of Li Yong (1675), Fujian fisherman Xu Ahua went fishing and drifted to Taiwan Province because of the storm. Later, when he returned to his hometown, he invited six members of his family to move to the flag of Taiwan Province Province (now Kaohsiung City) and build Mazu Palace in Taiwan Province Province, which became the ancestor of the Xu Shi family to reclaim Taiwan Province Province. Since then, Xu Gong, a native of Quanzhou, performed in Xizhi Town, Taipei County in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Yongzheng period, Cantonese Xu, Xu Lishou, Xu Jinzong and Tongan Xu Lishu respectively entered Hongmao Port, Yuanshan Peak and Qiedong in Hsinchu, Taiwan Province. During the Qianlong period, Xu settled in Kansai Town, Hsinchu, and the archway recovered the Daxidun in Taoyuan today. Lu Fengren Xu led Hakka immigrants to recover Hsinchu and Sijiaoting. Most people surnamed Xu who entered Taiwan Province Province came from Fujian and Guangdong. At first, they settled in Hsinchu area, and then gradually moved south. Today, almost half of the people surnamed Xu in Taiwan Province Province live in Hsinchu and Miaoli. They developed in Taiwan Province Province and became the 22nd most popular surname in Taiwan Province Province.

The Xu family began to spread abroad in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Overseas Xu families are mainly distributed in Myanmar, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, New Zealand, the United States and other places. Living overseas, with the unique courage and hard work of the Chinese nation, relying on their own intelligence and sweat, the Xu family has made pioneering efforts in various places and made remarkable achievements in all aspects. While winning their own living space, they also contributed to local development. They keep in touch with each other in the form of clan associations, hold clan meetings regularly, safeguard the unity between clans and promote the development of clans.