China Classical Trade

1. Find some classic works about business in China, the originator of Confucian merchants, Fu Jia Tao Zhugong Fan Li, the intellectual ancestor of merchants, Bai Gui, the great businessman of governing the country, Lv Buwei, the agricultural genius, the richest man in Shen Wansan, Sang Hongyang, Wu Bingjian, the richest man in Qiao Zhiyong, Hu Xueyan, the first generation of money king, Wang Chi, Ye Chengzhong, Jin Shang, Shi Xue and three brothers. Books that record businessmen's business include Historical Records.

Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen. Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business: knowing the place to win and choosing the place to make money. Sun Tzu's art of war said: those who have the terrain help the soldiers.

Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses.

It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war.

As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade.

So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. At that time, businessmen from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province settled here.

The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes. Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that it is cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive.

It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling.

Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times.

When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles.

Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Thirdly, from the end, it is known that Gou Jian, the King of Yue who predicted to make money in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of the death of his country by snow and worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of grain from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu.

Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people.

Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to stay expensive. Ji Ran, a pre-Qin business theorist, believed that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive" and advocated that "expensive is as cheap as jade"

Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

5. Carve red and green, and stay in Yanjing Miscellanies: Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and green, and embroidering golden windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime.

Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate.

There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over to ask what the customer needed, and the customers all called for instructions.

2. Ancient Chinese translation of Confucius, Fufeng Maoling people also.

Great-grandfather Yuan Di was a servant. Fen Shao received Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Annals from Liu Xin, and he was pleased to call it, saying that his teacher said, "I learned from it."

Disturbed by Wang Mang, he fought bravely with his mother and brother and evaded troops in Hexi. In the fifth year of Jianwu, Dou Rong, the general of Hexi, asked Fu Division to discuss Cao Yu and guard his aunt.

In eight years, he was awarded the title of Commissioner of Customs. At that time, the world was in turmoil, except Hexi, which was called rich city, strong currency and four-day city in ancient Tibet. I didn't make any money when I lived in the county for several months, which led to rich products.

After four years in office, his wealth has not increased. My mother is very filial and thrifty, but she is extremely eager for precious meals.

Dedicated to his wife and children, sharing weal and woe. When things are changeable, Shiduo does not practice moral integrity, but tries to clean up, being laughed at by everyone, or thinking that he is in grease and can't nourish himself, but he is miserable.

Fen has set up a festival to rule the noble and the humble, and the Taishou Liang treats each other with courtesy, deeply respecting them, not treating them with official courtesy, and often welcoming guests and introducing them to their mothers. Longshuping, Shouling County in Hexi called up, and the goods were connected to the hub, making Chuanze.

Only when you are tired and have no money can you go by bike. Gu Zang, CoCo Lee and Hu Qiang even said to each other, "Confucius is honest and kind, and deserves good treatment from counties. How can he go to this day and not repay his kindness? " Then Xiangfu collected10 million cattle, horses and utensils and chased them for hundreds of miles.

Thank you, it's nothing. Both to the capital, except Wudu County.

At that time, Yu Kuimao, a thief from Longxi, attacked the mansion at night and killed the chief. The thief was too anxious to chase, but he wanted to be a hostage with his wife in his arms. Fifty years old, I only have one son, but I don't care, so I try my best to get it.

Officials and people have a sense of justice, and their lives must be used. There are many people in the county, so they learn the valley, keep the clock, and believe in the group.

Fen is the rate of Jong Li to be attacked, * * * is inside and outside. Embarrassed and afraid of being forced, the thief pushed his wife to set up an army, hoping to retreat, but the more he fought, the harder the bird was killed and his wife and children were killed.

Sai-jo wrote a letter to praise the United States and worshipped it as the satrap of Wudu. I am proud of myself, I see respect, I have worshipped the prefect, and I want to change my position in the county.

Be clear about politics, be good at illness, see virtue, love as a relative, have no walker, and be angry as an enemy, which is called qingping in the county. Xiao Di, studying in Luoyang.

I worked hard to be an official through the strange classics. When I was ill, I went to be an official, kept my appointment in my hometown and died at home. Qi Botong's classic, deleted in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the evening, there was a son Jia, and the official went to the city gate to be a captain, making a cloud name "Zuo Shi Shuo". Kong Fen, a Chinese character, was born in Fufeng Maoling (now northwest of Xi, Shaanxi) in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

When I was a teenager, I studied Chunqiu Zuozhuan with Liu Xin. Disturbed by Wang Mang, I went to Hexi area with my mother and brother to escape the chaos.

In the fifth year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (the last twenty-nine years), he was appointed as the general of Hexi, and discussed Cao Yu and Gu Ning Zangchang. After four years in office, although he was an official in the rich area, his property did not increase, which was ridiculed by people at that time.

Serve the mother with great filial piety. He lives frugally, but he looks for precious food to serve his mother.

Later, he served as the satrap of Wudu, and died at home after the official arrival. Wherever he goes, he is known for his honesty.

Kong Fen was born in Fufeng Maoling. Great-great-grandfather Kong Ba served as an assistant to Emperor Han Yuan.

When Kong Fen was a teenager, he studied Chunqiu Zuozhuan with Liu Xin. Liu wanted to praise him, so he said to the students, "I learned this road with you." After Wang Mang's rebellion, Kong Fen, his mother and younger brother went to Hexi area to avoid the mutiny disaster.

In the fifth year of Jianwu, Hexi General Dou Rong invited Kong Fen to be the director of his government office. In eight years, it was given the title of Hou Guan.

At that time, the world was in chaos, and only Hexi area was relatively stable, which was called Fu County in ancient Tibet. Here, we trade with Hu Qiang, and there are four fairs every day.

Every county magistrate became rich in a few months. Kong Fen has served for four years, but his wealth has not increased at all.

He is very filial and cautious in serving his mother. Although he lives a frugal life, he tries his best to honor his mother with delicious food. I personally took my wife and children to have ordinary meals together.

At that time, the whole country was not very stable, and scholars did not pay attention to ethics, but Kong Fen tried his best to be honest and upright. Therefore, he was laughed at by everyone. Some people say that he is in a rich area and can't make himself rich, but he wants it for nothing.

Kong Fen pays attention to moral integrity, and his administration is based on benevolence, righteousness and harmony. Liang Tong, the prefect, paid deep respect to him and did not treat him with official courtesy. He often greets him at the door and introduces him to his mother. After Longxi and Shudi were pacified, all the magistrates and county magistrates in Hexi area were recruited into Beijing, and officials' belongings were full of cars and mountains and rivers.

Only Kong Fen had no wealth, so he took the road empty. Gu Zang's officials, people and Hu Qiang all said, "Kong Jun is honest and benevolent, and the whole county has benefited from him. Since he has left, why don't we repay his kindness! " So * * * collected thousands of cattle and horses and sent them to Kong Fen after hundreds of miles.

Kong Fen just thanked him and confiscated it at all. After Kong Fen arrived in Beijing, he was appointed as Jun Cheng of Wudu.

At that time, the thief Bomao and others in Longxi attacked the government in the middle of the night and killed the county satrap. The thief was afraid of Kong Fen's pursuit, so he caught his wife and children and wanted to take them as hostages.

At that time, Kong Fen was 50 years old and had only one son, but he was devoted to serving the country and was not moved by thieves, but he still tried his best to conquer it. Officials and people were moved by his spirit, and they all tried their best to fight the thief.

There are many stone men living in the county who are familiar with mountains and rivers, and the great leader Qi is deeply trusted by the stone men. Kong Fen led, Liu and others, ordered them to stop looting thieves and soldiers on the road, and responded to the loyalist. The thief was embarrassed and scared, and was forced to be anxious. So he pushed Kong Fen's wife and children to the front, hoping that Kong Fen would retreat, but Kong Fen attacked more urgently, and finally captured and destroyed Bomao and others alive, but his wife and children were killed by thieves.

Therefore, Emperor Guangwu wrote a letter praising Kong Fen and worshiping him as the prefect of Wudu. When Kong Fen was in office, he was deeply respected by officials and people. After he became the magistrate, the people of the county followed his example and practiced moral norms.

Kong Fen's administration was honest and decisive, and he praised good deeds and learned from mistakes. See people with virtue, love others like relatives; For bad behavior, evil is like hatred, and people in the county call him honest and fair.

My younger brother Kong Qi is studying in Luoyang. Kong Fen thought that Kong Qi was familiar with classics and should be an official, while he resigned, lived in his hometown and died at home.

Kong Qibo is a classic. He was the author of Zuo Jian in the Spring and Autumn Period. In his later years, Kong Fen had a son named Kong Jia, who was a captain of the city gate and wrote Zuo's Theory/View /83978.

3. Please translate five classical Chinese texts as follows; Li Bangyan's father used to be a silversmith, so some people laughed at him. Bunyan thought it was a shame and told his mother about it when he got home. Mother said, "It's a pity that Taizai's family has a silversmith. It's a beautiful thing that Taizai's family has a silversmith. What is shameful? "

& lt； Second >; When Tian Deng was a county magistrate, he was very angry when someone mentioned his name. As long as someone accidentally said it, he was whipped. To avoid taboos, the whole state is called lights. On the Lantern Festival, the official posted a list on the market, which read: The state government set fire for three days as usual.

& lt； Third >; The king of Qin sent an emissary to present a jade ring to the Queen of Qi, saying, "I heard that the people of Qi are resourceful, and I wonder if I can untie this ring." The Queen of Qi took out an awl and smashed the jade chain. She replied, "It has been untied."

& lt； Fourth >; Sue doesn't like joking. One day after I left North Korea, I saw a minister looking at a beautiful woman and looking back at her. Su Zhong joked: "This woman is really strong!" "The priest asked," How do you know, sir? " Wang said, "If not, why was your head twisted?"? "

& lt； v >； Ye Heng resigned as prime minister and went home. One day when I was sick, I asked the visiting guests, "I'm going to die soon, but I don't know if I'll be all right after death?" A guest said, "It must be great." Ye Heng asked in surprise, "How do you know?" The guest said, "It's not good to die, then the dead will definitely flee back." . It must be good to know that no one is running away now. "After listening, everyone in the room laughed.