The origin of Han nationality in Qinghai

Village history is a complete historical review and portrayal of the village, incorporating the unique experiences, joys and sorrows of the villagers. There are many Tu villagers in Fengtai Gou village, and the historical pen and ink of village history is more on their side. There are various deductive versions about the origin of local Tu villagers.

Qi surname is a big family in the village and the earliest resident in the village.

The Tu nationality surnamed Li is a foreigner, and about three generations have moved here. Li moved from Wufeng Township, Huzhu County nearby in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that his family is poor and took refuge in his uncle's house in Fengtai Gou. Later, he naturally settled down.

Wang Xing has four Tu people, who took refuge with relatives and friends outside and later settled down. So far, there have been three generations.

The Chiang family migrated from Huzhu Shatangchuan, and their roots are Han nationality. Since the narrator (Mr. Jiang, in his 70 s) can remember, he has heard the old man say this. The Jiang family was indeed a Han nationality three generations ago. Later, due to poor family circumstances, the two brothers moved here. His father married a Turkish woman and gave birth to four sons. After liberation, it was changed to slaughter. The descendants intermarried with the Tu nationality and were proficient in the local language. It is said that the Jiang family in Fengtai ditch village still has a genealogy, which can basically be linked with the Jiang family in Shatangchuan.

More interestingly, the Ye family, who is also a foreigner of the Han nationality, lives together with the Tu nationality, but has never changed its national identity. There are more than a dozen Ye families living in Fengtai ditch and Xiazhuang, which is the largest family in the village, second only to Qi family. About the origin of Ye's family, the folklore is as follows:

According to Ye Jia's grandfather (in his eighties), long ago, the Ye Jia brothers moved to Banjiawan from Shuangshuer (now Shuangshuxiang, Huzhu County). Later, because of livelihood problems, one of his brothers went to Houshan (now Huzhu Beishan) to make a living and married a Tibetan woman. Since then, his family has gradually improved and then thrived in Banjiawan.

The Han nationality accounts for a large proportion of the Tu nationality in Qinghai. In their genealogy, some historical events about where they migrated were recorded, many of which came from Nanjing and Shanxi. Most of these Han Chinese who moved to Nanjing were sent or exiled and stationed in other places; Some immigrants from Shanxi were the result of the official immigration policy in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some businessmen from Shanxi came to Gansu and Qinghai in the northwest to do business, and later married and settled with local women, and then gradually became Tu people. Because the Han nationality has always had the habit of compiling genealogy, they will continue to compile genealogy to continue the family history after moving to a brand-new area, or rely on the oral history of family elders to reconstruct the origin of their family, or record the history of national migration.

In the legend of the origin of the Han nationality in Qinghai, the more common saying is "Nanjing Zhuji Lane".

According to legend, during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Lantern Festival, and a family drew a woman riding a horse with big feet on a lantern, holding a big watermelon in her arms, so that passers-by could guess the meaning of riddles. Zhu Yuanzhang was greatly annoyed when he saw it. He thought this riddle was an insult to Ma Huanghou, so he drafted an imperial edict and sent the residents of the whole alley to Qinghai, which is located in the frontier fortress.

Is it true that Yuanxiao played Shehuo and moved people to Hehuang, allegedly mocking Ma Huanghou? People don't know each other. According to the investigation, there is a note in the Outline, Guangming Chaopian, Killing the People in Beijing: "The emperor (Mao, Zhu Yuanzhang) painted a lady, painted lantern riddles, rode a horse with watermelon in his hand, and the hind feet of the horse were very big. Shang Yue: He took the Queen as a joke. Gaiyanhuai Xi mansion horse hind feet are also big. It is the man who killed the people of Beijing but did not keep his duty. " According to "Shuo Wen Jie Zi", Zhennan Wei was accused of building official ships and cutting down folk trees. Zhu Yuanzu ordered the leader to be beheaded, and the rest were clubbed to death, "defending Gansu" and so on. [3] According to the research of Mr. Yi Yizhi, Ma Huanghou, the wife of Zhu Yuanzhang, is from Suzhou, not a woman from Huaixi. According to historical records, Ma Huanghou had never heard of ugly feet and died fifteen years before the legend. From this point of view, this statement is nonsense. There are several reasons for the conclusion that Han ancestors in Hehuang area originated in Nanjing:

After years of war in the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the northwest, there were many deaths, which was reflected in the economic depression, so a large number of immigrants settled in the frontier or settled in the frontier. At that time, the immigrants were mainly garrisons, and one of their sources was Zhuji Lane. The location of Zhuji Lane was related to the phenomenon of immigration in the early Ming Dynasty, when there were immigration points everywhere, and Zhuji Lane was one of them. Many people don't remember their ancestral home when they go out for generations, but only remember the immigration point when they are dispatched, so there is a saying that the ancestral home of the Han nationality in Qinghai is "Zhuji Lane in Nanjing", just like many Shandong people remember that their ancestral home is from "datong county in Shanxi".

In fact, the history of Han immigrants in Qinghai can be traced back to earlier. The Qin and Han dynasties, especially the Han dynasty, began with a large-scale migration from the central plains to the northwest. In the second year of Emperor founding ceremony (BC 12 1), General Huo Qubing went to Hexi Corridor, and a large number of Han people moved to Hehuang Valley. Since Zhao Chongguo, the minister of the Western Han Dynasty, reclaimed land in Huangzhong, a large number of Han people have entered Hehuang area to reclaim land and defend the border. In the Ming dynasty, a large number of Han people migrated from the south to Qinghai, and in the Qing dynasty, there were still Han people migrating from the central plains and the south. The Han nationality in Qinghai and Gansu has a long history of immigration. They have been in constant contact and integration with the local indigenous peoples and the frequently changing and migrating ethnic groups in this area for a long time, which makes the overall distribution pattern of ethnic groups form a mixed living pattern, where you have me and I have you. This model is very conducive to inter-ethnic communication and effective contact, which makes cultural infiltration and cultural influence between ethnic groups. The process of mutual reference and absorption of cultural factors between national cultures is also the process of cultural identity gradually turning, and national integration and cultural integration continue to occur.