The short-lived Guangde Kingdom in history

The "Guangde Kingdom" first appeared in the "Biography of the Thirteen Kings of Hanshu Jing" and the "Biography of Prince Jing of Zhongshan". In August of the second year of Hongjia of the Han Dynasty, Liu Yunke, the younger brother of Wang Xian, king of Zhongshan, and the grandson of Li Xiang and Liu An, was named King of Guangde. In the 28 years from 19 BC to 9 AD, there were three wastes and experiences.

1. Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, was enshrined by King Guangde.

Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, was the eighth son of Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. His descendants were the uncles of Liu Liu Bei, the founding emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, he told everyone that he was "the next Liu Bei after Liu Sheng. Zhongshan "Prince Jing" became famous all over the world. In June 154 BC, he was named King of Zhongshan and made his capital Lu. Among the princes and kings of the Han Dynasty, Liu Sheng was a quite distinctive figure. He became the Queen of San Francisco, neither asking nor interfering in local political affairs. He drank and had fun in the palace every day, recited poems and composed poems, was lustful, married extensively, and gave birth to many children. Historically, Liu Sheng had more than 120 sons. From 0755 to 79000, it is clearly recorded that Liu Sheng had one son as king and 20 sons as marquis. This is the largest number of children among the Liu princes. It is unprecedented in Chinese history and rare in world history.

In 112 BC, Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan, passed away at the age of 53. He was buried in Zhongshan Wang Jing, posthumous name, outside the north gate of Zhongshan. In 1968, a geological team accidentally discovered the cemetery and unearthed the bones in the tomb several feet above the ground. The overall shape was good. The gold and jade clothes worn by King Jing and his wife were in perfect condition and difficult to value. They are precious cultural relics and are now preserved in the National Museum in Beijing.

After his death, Liu Sheng passed the throne to his eldest son, the son of the second generation king. Hitachi died after only one year in power. The posthumous title commemorates the King of Zhongshan, who passed the throne to his only son, the third generation King of Zhongshan, Liu Kun. Liu Kun died in the 21st year of his reign and passed it to his eldest son, Wang Liufu, the fourth generation king of Zhongshan, who was given the posthumous title of King Kang. Liu Fu died in the fourth year of his reign and was posthumously named King of Zhongshan. He is the eldest son and the fifth generation King Liu Fuzhongshan. Liu Fu died in the 17th year of his reign. He is the Xianwang of Zhongshan, posthumous title. He is the son of Liu Xun, the sixth generation king of Zhongshan. Liu Xun reigned for 15 years, that is, died in 55 BC, and became pregnant with the King of Zhongshan, posthumously named him. After Liu Xun's death, he inherited Sun Yat-sen's throne because he had no children. Sun Yat-sen's kingdom passed through six generations and six kings for a hundred years, but it was sealed at this point.

2. Why did King Guangde worship Wang Jing of Zhongshan?

Emperor Liu Ao of Han Dynasty was born in 51 BC. He established Guangde to worship Liu Jinbiao, King of Zhongshan. As the emperor's first grandson, he was loved by his grandfather Liu Xun, who often accompanied Emperor Xuan. In June 33 BC, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Shi, Liu Ao succeeded to the throne.

Because of Liu's weakness, lack of opinion, and overindulgence of his relatives and eunuchs, the Western Han Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline after him. When Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he firstly attacked the power of eunuchs, and secondly, relied on the power of his mother, the king, to suppress other relatives, which paved the way for the crisis of Wang Mang's rise and usurping the power of the Han Dynasty. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Ao had the same life insights as his great-grandfather Liu Che's eldest brother Liu Sheng. On the list of faint emperors in ancient China, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty was "famous" for his preference for the sisters Zhao Yanfei and Zhao Hede. The evaluation of him in history is that he is "brilliant in wine and sex", indulges in sex, indulges in wine and sex, is dissolute and immoral, and ignores state affairs.

Second, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty hoped that all princes would follow the example of Liu Sheng, Emperor Zhongshan Jing, Emperor Wu of the Han, and Emperor Wu of the Han, and

Third, Wang Guangde would fief the county.

Jixian County was founded in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang. There are three names:

It is said that a county is named after Yanzi Mountain, which is named after the black stone standing on the mountain. Gray, slightly bluish black. Voices from Black Youth. Yue: "The earth is said to be black."

2. Liu Xu said, "The sound is the same as medicine, so graphite is also produced in Graphite Ridge in the south of the county.". It says: Xin'an Palace persimmon has a black heart, hence the name of the county.

The names of the three "four" counties should come from the pronunciation of ancient Vietnamese place names. In ancient times, the ancestors of the nation lived, and the nation was a branch of the ancient Yue. In the first month of 210 BC, Qin Shihuang went to Kuaiji. In order to strengthen his rule over the southeastern region, he moved the people of the original Yue Kingdom to the mountainous areas of southern Anhui, including Hu County.

In 201 BC, Huixian County belonged to the Jing Kingdom. In 195 BC, it belonged to the State of Wu. In 154 BC, it belonged to Jiangdu. In 117 BC, it belonged to the Guangling Kingdom, the son of Liu Che, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In 54 BC, when Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, King Liu Xu of Guangling was sentenced to suicide and was withdrawn from the country and placed under the jurisdiction of Danyang County. The scope of the county during the Qin and Han Dynasties was equivalent to part of the current Yixian County, Xiuning County, Qimen County, Shitai County, and Huangshan District.

Liu Ao, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was located in Jixian County, far away from the fiefdom of Zhongshan Kingdom. Liu Sheng, the king of Jingshan in Zhongshan, was enshrined here. I think there are four reasons:

First, he was the third son of Han Yuan Emperor Liu Shi, and his younger brother Liu Xing was the father of the former Zhongshan Kingdom [Note: Han Ping Emperor Liu Kan's father. In June of the second year of Zhao Jian's reign, he was granted the title of King of the New Capital. In the first year of Yangshuo, he was renamed Zhongshan King. On August 9, the first year of the Sui Dynasty, King Liu Xing of Zhongshan passed away. His posthumous title was Xiao, and he was known as "King Xiao of Zhongshan" in history. Liu Kan's heir] was the fiefdom of the King of Zhongshan.

Secondly, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Huixian County was a fiefdom for later states twice. In November of the fourth year of Qin II, Mei Yun, a native of Northeast Township in Fanyang County, followed Xiang Yu into Hangu Pass.

In February of the first year of the Han Yuan Dynasty, because of his outstanding military exploits, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, made him a high official, commanding 100,000 households, and set his fiefdom in Jixian County. After the "Chu-Han War" broke out in April of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Mei Yun led his army to help Liu Bang annihilate Xiang Yu. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang came to the throne, and Meiyun was still counted as one hundred thousand households. After Meiyun became a marquis, he built a city in the fiefdom, which was later called Meicheng, or Meiyun City for short.

Third, in order to learn from the lessons of the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in the early Han Dynasty and prevent the vassal states from falling out, fiefdoms were set up in the south of the Yangtze River far away from the capital.

Fourthly, at this time, Shanyue people mainly lived in Hu County. Turning this place into a kingdom can prevent the rebellion of the Shanyue people and stabilize the border.

4. The first generation of King Guangde died of illness in three years.

Liu Yunke, the younger brother of the first king of Guangde, the fifth king of Zhongshan, the grandson of Liu An, the son of Dai Sui, and the eldest brother of Liu Guo. Judging from the inheritance and blood relationship of the ancient royal family, Liu Yunke has the closest relationship with Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan.

In 19 BC, after receiving the imperial edict from Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, the young Liu Yunke reluctantly left his birthplace, the Hou Kingdom of Li Xiang, and had to trek all the way from his hometown to Jixian County, where The climate is humid and adult men do not live long. The first thing Liu Yunke did

In 7 BC, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Ao, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Xin succeeded to the throne. In the early days of his accession to the throne, Liu Xin wanted to make a difference in the face of the decline of the Middle Way in the Han Dynasty. From the influence of the entire Xiao Wang family, he summed up some lessons and realized that as an emperor, he had to govern the country by himself, and he must not stand aside and be manipulated by others like Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty.

In the first month of 4 BC, Liu Xin followed the example of Liu Ao, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and appointed Liu Guanghan, the seventh grandson of Zhongshan, the younger brother of Duke Liu Guo, and Liu Guanghan, the younger brother of Liu Yunke, the late king of Guangde, as King Guangping, and burned incense to pay homage to King Jing of Zhongshan. Although Li Liuguo and Liu Guanghan were unwilling, they could not disobey their orders, so they did not surrender. Liu Guanghan, like his brother Liu Yunke, died of desperate yearning for his hometown and difficult living environment. Because there were no heirs to inherit the throne, the Guangde Kingdom was abolished again and renamed Jixian.

The sixth, third and fourth generation direct descendants of Faye Wong Liu Sheng of Guangde.

In June of the first year BC, Liu Xing, Emperor Ai of the Western Han Dynasty, died of illness. In August of the same year, Wang Mang, the Marquis of Xindu, Sima, and the chief minister, succeeded the 8-year-old Zhongshan King Liu Jinbiao Jizi to the throne, and changed the name of the country to Emperor Ping.

In 2 AD, in order to consolidate his dominance, Liu Kan made extensive use of descendants of the Han Dynasty and generously rewarded the descendants of the founding heroes of the Western Han Dynasty. Since the first and second generations of King Guangde had no direct descendants, Liu Kan had to re-establish Liu Lun, the great-grandson of Wang Hui and Liu Yue of Guangchuan, as King of Guangde. "Ping Emperor Li took the opportunity to read "Forefathers and Sages" and named his widowed father. The king's widowed father was a descendant of King Jing, the great-grandson of Guangchuan. On July 10th of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Dahan wrote: " Lunren, the great-grandson of Wang Hui in Guangchuan, was filial and loyal, and I was very loyal to him. Today, Wang Guangping has no successor to Wang Jing. His sacrifice has passed, and virtue should be kindness. You might as well keep Wang Guangde's territory intact, as well as Wang Guangguo Fengjing Wang Chunqiu Temple, so that the Han Dynasty in Hebei will not be short of food. You have to encourage him. The Qin Dynasty laughed out loud, Volume 53, "Yue Jueshu": In the second year of Pingyuan, Lun, the great-grandson of King Hui of Guangchuan, was restored to the title of King Guangde and Queen Fengjing. At the same time, Liu Ruyi, the son of the great-great-grandson of Wang, was made King Guangzong, and the king of Jiangdu was named King Guangchuan. Since Shao became a hero in the Han Dynasty, he and others have been Liehou and Guanneihou, with a total of 117 people.

The third generation of King Guangde reigned for four years. In 6 AD, Liu Lun died, and his posthumous title was "Jing". His son Liu Chi succeeded to the throne of King Guangde. In AD 9, Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, the country was named "Xin", and the Western Han Dynasty fell. The Kingdom of Guangde was demoted to the Principality of Guangde, Liu Chi was demoted to the Duke of Guangde, and the fourth King Guangde reigned for three years. In the second year, Wang Mang abolished Guangde Principality and changed it to Hulu County. In AD 30, it was renamed Yi County and still belonged to Danyang County. Wang Jing and Liu Sheng of Zhongshan recorded: Emperor Hongjia became the constitutional emperor two years later, and Wang Di and Sun Lihou Xiangzi Yunke became the King of Yi in Guangde. Three years and no children. Definitely fourteen. Emperor Aifu established Yunke's younger brother Guanghan as King Guangping. There is no future. In the second year of Ping Yuan's reign, Lun, the great-grandson of Wang Hui of Guangchuan, became King Guangde and Queen Fengjing. Wang Mang's time is absolute.

Historically, the troubled Guangde Kingdom lasted for 14 years. The four Guangde kings are the descendants of Liu Sheng, the eighth son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, King Zhongshan Jing, and Liu Yue, the eleventh son of King Hui of Guangchuan. So far, Guangde has not appeared again.

Seven. Guangde Kingdom and Guangde County

Qing Dynasty Guangxu 0755 to 79000:

According to "Zizhi Tongjian", there were people settled in the Han Dynasty, and Wang Jingxian of Zhongshan was granted the title of Marquis by Hong Jia. Later Guangde County was divided in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yun, vis

But in terms of age, Yun Ke is the fifth grandson of Wang Jingsheng of Zhongshan and inherited the patriarchal system. At that time, it had been fifty-three years since Zhongshan. Yunke had no children and his country was thirteen years old. Emperor Aixu named his younger brother Guanghan King Guangping without a queen. Emperor Ping reinstated Wang Hui's great-grandson Lun in Guangchuan as King Guangde, Queen Fengjing, and Duke Wangmang. This is the so-called history of distant relatives, which is not respected by the scholars and the people. They are Guangping and Guangde, and they have a false reputation. How could they be unique in a new room? It has been in the county for more than 200 years, and it still retains its old name from the early Jin Dynasty? Kuangde County was discovered in "Guangzhou Dezhou Chronicles, Regional Chronicles, and History of Establishment" in 2000, but it did not begin in the Jin Dynasty. Dividing is wrong. "In the second year of Taikang in the Jin Dynasty, it has been wrong recently). In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Sun Quan was transferred to Xindu County. In the early Jin Dynasty, Guangde also belonged to Xuancheng County. The origin of the road was divided into ethnic groups, which was also misunderstood. Or the name of Guangde , is actually Hongjia, which is also a guess.

There are many names in ancient and modern times. Jianping County, Jianpingan placed Shangrao under Jianping County.

Can it be said that the current Jianping began in the Han Dynasty?