Confucian immigrants

The remains of the Qin massacre can be found, but the so-called "recorded" address of the Mongolian massacre did not find any large number of remains.

A Mongolian has to kill an average of 300-400 local residents to reach the degree of "extinction" described in the book. It is not easy to kill 300 well-constrained and obedient sheep! In Russian or China's works, the population of Central Asia at that time was often exaggerated to more than five times the normal population. In other words, it is too difficult for a Mongolian cavalry to kill 1500-2000 people! And it's too exaggerated, its record is too unreal! Unfortunately, before this, no one has made any real academic research on these descriptions! People follow suit!

In many forums about Mongolians and Mongolian history, you can see that some "people with a heart" are hyping up the massacre of peaceful residents by Mongolians hundreds of years ago, and they swear that what they said is justified. It seems that such a hat is really buckled on the Mongolian head. After hundreds of years, it still can't be taken off.

And many of us, influenced by "domestic" history books or novels, movies and other works, seem to accept this view-Mongolian soldiers were murderous in those days, and few people refuted it or didn't want to refute it at all. I once said that killing people is killing people, and that was hundreds of years ago. In that historical period, it was normal. Killing is killing. Who wants revenge?

A few days ago, I read a book written by an American Mongolian expert, and suddenly found that the so-called Mongols' indiscriminate killing and predatory nature are all incorrect descriptions-they can be called widely circulated but not confirmed by archaeology (in fact, they are all lies).

The scholar studied the history, historical records and folklore of Central Asia during Mongolia's Western Expedition. Strangely, there is no record of Mongolian indiscriminate killing in local history books or legends in Central Asia. On the contrary, most of them are: "They (Mongolians) like businessmen, especially like to exchange iron, jewelry and silk ..., and the status of businessmen is only subordinate to monks ... and protected."

However, most Russian or China's works have chapters describing massacres, killings and burning, and their methods are outrageous. In order to verify the descriptions in these writings, scholars first counted the population and the number of troops in Central Asia at that time. The conclusion is that according to the normal population at that time, it is difficult to imagine whether there was a massacre. An ordinary Mongolian has to kill 300-400 local residents to achieve the degree of "extinction" described in the book, and it is not easy to kill 300 sheep with good restraint and good behavior! In Russian or China's works, the population of Central Asia at that time was often exaggerated to more than five times the normal population. In other words, it is too difficult for a Mongolian cavalry to kill 1500-2000 people! And it's too exaggerated, its record is too unreal! Unfortunately, before this, no one has made any real academic research on these descriptions! People follow suit!

After calculation, scholars decided to make an archaeological investigation of some historical sites at that time. After advanced instrument detection and terrain research, they didn't find any places in Russian or China characters. In these places, "... Mongols often slaughter millions of peaceful residents and prisoners of war ...", no, nothing was found! You know, not to mention millions of bones, it is to find thousands of bones in one place at the same time!

"... they came, killed, burned and left! ..... "Fake! It's all fake, it's a naked slander on invincible opponents!

So, where did these descriptions of Mongolian cruelty come from, who described them like this and why?

Most of these descriptions were written in Russian, and some of them were written after the Russians overthrew Mongolian rule (this rule lasted for 400 years, which is the only experience of Russians being ruled by foreign countries so far). In order to show the "justice" of overthrowing the legitimate regime, the so-called "brutal description of Mongolian rule" was written, which is a political need.

Before and after the Great Patriotic War, some imperial writers in the Soviet Union also compiled many novels and works about Mongols and Genghis Khan's Western Expedition. In most cases, Genghis Khan is described as a Hitler figure, and Mongolian soldiers are described as the image of the German army to encourage people to bravely resist the enemy. This is the need of war.

China rarely records Mongolian rulers, because most people who record history in Chinese characters think that Mongolian rule is not an orthodox dynasty, but a disgrace and refuse to record it. However, the Mongolian rulers recorded their own historical records, most of which were unrecognizable and unreadable by the Han people (Ba characters). So after the Ming Dynasty occupied the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, they "... burned it to avoid future troubles ...".

Later, in order to unify with the "big brother" Soviet Union academically, a large number of Russian works were introduced. Therefore, in the study of Mongolian history, Russian and Chinese works can basically be said to be not rigorous or even serious!

The demise of the Mongolian empire was not due to the so-called people's poverty, peasant uprising and so on. In fact, there were four Mongolian khanates in the world at that time, and Yuan was only one of them. The peasant uprising could overthrow Yuan at most, and the other three khanates also collapsed one after another. -Zhu Yuanzhang's farmers would not have such great strength and foresight.

Scholars have found a very important clue. From the 1920s to the early 1930s, the Yuan Dynasty changed four emperors in four years. /kloc-at the beginning of the third century, a large-scale plague occurred in Annan and Java at that time. According to historical records, the symptoms of diseases suffered by the Mongolian royal family are very similar to the Black Death, so there was a great disaster caused by plague in history:

/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, the plague that broke out in Java and Annan reached Quanzhou, Fujian by sea, and then moved to Henan, Sichuan and Dadu by land. Unfortunately, the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty was also infected with this painful and lifeless disease. Plague is an absolute commercial disease, which spread to the capital, Central Asia, India and Russia through developed commercial routes in the Yuan Dynasty, and finally reached the Mediterranean coast and entered Western Europe! /kloc-in the 0/4th century, the so-called "Black Death" broke out in Europe. After the plague, the population of the Yuan Dynasty was less than half. Central Asia was hit hard, and its population dropped to one third. Needless to say, in Europe, horror records about the "Black Death" abound!

This plague is the direct cause of the collapse of the Mongolian empire, because it is foreign and highly contagious. Therefore, according to the needs at that time, Mongolian rulers closed roads, closed post stations, closed city gates and prohibited the circulation of people and goods. This is the correct way to deal with large-scale infectious diseases (think of SARS), but the long-term blockade led to the collapse of the imperial economic lifeline, and the world's first paper money "paper money" depreciated rapidly because it could not be cashed, the market collapsed rapidly, and the army was distracted. Ignorant farmers turned to ghosts and gods to avoid getting sick-burning incense and gathering people and wearing red cloth (red has a unique role in the psychology of the Han people), which later developed into riots, and the so-called "red scarf uprising" also came from this.

The four khanates can't support each other, because each can't protect itself.

After the plague, the Yuan Dynasty fell, but although the other three khanates survived the difficulties, they were greatly weakened and could no longer restore the commercial routes and post office systems that extended in all directions. After driving away foreign businessmen and missionaries, Zhu Yuanzhang and his successors tried to restore the trade routes and post stations across Europe and Asia in the Yuan Dynasty, but they all failed in the end, so they closed the checkpoints and promulgated the maritime ban. China began its 500-year history of closed doors.

In order to reopen the road from Europe to Asia, countries have sent envoys, business travelers and explorers to open the way, but due to the rise of Islam, all European envoys have been blocked at the door of Asia.

Until a man named Columbus wrote a letter to the Spanish emperor, which wrote ... I would like to enter the Khitan province from the sea to the west, and if I don't return it, I will do my best ... "A year later, a new continent appeared in people's field of vision, but Columbus stubbornly said that this was India described by Kyle Poirot, and those aborigines were" Indians ".

The last Mongolian Khan died in Afghanistan on 1924. It is said that Fu Longzhi Senior Colonel executed all his descendants.

After Mongolia became independent, the descendants of Genghis Khan's family were basically eliminated.

1960 or so, the Soviet army found Genghis Khan's Sulu ingot in the temple in Hara Helin and took it away. Since then, the Mongolian spirit flag has never been found.

Mongols did not kill as they described, nor were they bloodthirsty executioners. They just try their best to protect their own interests. Every war they wage is just and forced ... Besides, killing innocent people is slander! Have the ability to produce evidence, evidence that really has academic value in archaeology-even the bones of 400,000 warriors buried alive during the Qin Shihuang period can be found. Why did the bones of millions of people killed by Mongols disappear without a trace? ! Those "... widely circulated and unconfirmed statements ..." are pure fabrications and slander the invincible teacher of justice!

The last two doomsday massacres took place at the beginning of last century.

The concentration camps established by fascist Germany in Auschwitz: 1939, 1945, 65438+127 October were discovered by the Soviets. In the past six years, 4 million people have been killed in this crazy modern assembly line killing factory.

1937 17 In February, Japanese invaders armed to the teeth occupied Nanjing and carried out a bloody massacre for more than six weeks. The total number of deaths exceeded 300,000.

These are all real, inhuman and modern massacres that were carried out in a premeditated and planned way after the invention of airplanes, cannons, tanks, machine guns, poison gas and so on.

But, what do you think? Only machetes, bows and spears in the hands of Mongolian soldiers; Even the most advanced trebuchet at that time could kill hundreds of thousands and millions of people in a few days and weeks. No way. How did you do that? What method? Mongolians are all as described in the movie Braveheart ... seven feet tall! Staring at the eyes can release lightning, farting can thunder and kill the enemy ...? "This is not pure bullshit? Statistics are always used for specific purposes, such as the human rights situation in the United States released every year. "Invading China", haha, the death toll of this nation is always shocking, and it always feels that they regard the soldiers who died in the war as unarmed ordinary people who were slaughtered. They are keen to recount the "history of national humiliation" n years ago, and then publicize that patriotism is the unique morality of national unity. But no one has published statistics on the number of deaths that occurred in the glorious period 40 years ago. Reading comments from netizens on Netease can make people laugh their teeth off or faint. People have to sit up and take notice of the 9 1 1 and the school shooting. Online voting, heated debates and blog comments are of great significance to the same number of compatriots who died more tragically.

Germany's managers and armed guards directly involved in the Auschwitz operation actually add up to only a few hundred people, while the Mongolian army dispatched tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands at a time. Is this a guarantee of lethality? Then, in your so-called "invasion of China" war, how can the number of Han soldiers exceed that of Mongols? I don't know where your tens of thousands of figures come from. At least now, the population of Mongolia plus the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia (a large part of which is still unclear) is 6 million. Is there any article reprinting "proof" that Mongolian women and children went to the battlefield seven centuries ago, and everyone slaughtered tens of thousands of people? In the actual war, no country has used the weapons of destruction that are now considered internationally, and there is no data to prove that any nation is superior in population proportion. The only difference lies in tactics and population quality. All the battles in the history of the world are for the expansion of their own national interests, and it is not just a Mongolian nation that launched this war. If we compare the rise of Mongols in the13rd century with the Nazis, all the powerful countries and the present powerful countries are in power. It's hard not to be defeated in such a poor and weak dynasty as the Southern Song Dynasty. If the death of innocent people in the war is also counted as slaughter, the murderer is his own emperor. Crying as a disgruntled woman can only show the servility of this nation more vividly.

It's been a long time in Mongolia, which is different from Germany. However, in this matter, we should learn from the old scores of the Germans, not the Japanese. There must be a discrepancy in the specific figures. For example, in fact, we may only kill more than 10 million, or even only one or two million. About Nazi Germany, I don't think it's worth discussing, and it's meaningless! Compared with Nazi Germany and Mongolian soldiers, you still don't know the truth (in this age of advanced information, you don't know the truth, that must be your problem! ) or ulterior motives-you think my idea is incorrect, but you can't write your real idea! Mongols are good at defeating themselves and want to be kings. As a result, it was used by Manchu, which made Mongols beat themselves and benefited Manchu. But at that time, Manchu relied on the strength of Mongolia, and Manchu and Mongolia were basically equal. So the Mongols still had some status at that time. Why is Kangxi's grandmother also Mongolian? Manchu and Mongolia have been married for hundreds of years, and half of Manchu and Qing dynasties are of Mongolian descent.

Have you counted the number of countries in China before Mongolia's expansion (don't use the word aggression again)? Have you counted the number of Central Asian countries? Have you counted how many countries there are in Russia?

Due to the contradiction of policies, beliefs, regions and nationalities, it is difficult to reconcile these countries, which makes it difficult for countries to communicate and exchange business, culture and art through normal channels. Just like the East and the West during the Cold War, "the voice of chickens and dogs is endless, and the old and the dead are not in contact." All trade and cultural exchanges are folk forms rather than state actions. Business travel on the "Silk Road" is intermittent, sometimes even for several years, and it is not difficult to imagine how many things were taken away by bandits. Not to mention the taxes levied by these checkpoints and the extortion by evil officials.

Mongols created the most extensive unified country in human history (or the embryonic form of the earliest confederate country) and destroyed these complex and fragmented small countries. In Mongolian-ruled areas, freedom of religious belief, freedom of business and trade, and freedom of movement of people-these practices are in line with traditional nomadic life habits. This high degree of liberalization is based on the "constitution" created by Mongols-the rule of Grand Zasa: as long as it does not violate the law and pays taxes according to the policy, it will be protected and enjoy a high degree of freedom.

In order to meet the political and military needs and maintain information exchange with various regions, its rulers established a huge unimaginable system of official roads and post stations. Businessmen, travelers, monks and foreign envoys were granted various waist tags (the earliest visas), and they could get all kinds of help from post stations and travel freely in various areas ruled by Mongols.

In order to encourage merchants and envoys, Wokuotai and Han often used gold and silver several times the original price to buy goods brought by merchants and reward them. As a result, businessmen from all over the world gathered in various parts of the Mongolian empire. Abraham's emissary set out from Hara and Lim and went to Europe via Baghdad to meet the Pope, the king of France and the king of England. The Pope and the angel of the French king also set out from Rome to visit the Mongolian emperor. This kind of communication is unprecedented.

In order to consolidate his rule in the Han Dynasty, Kublai Khan appointed Han officials, encouraged land reclamation, restarted the imperial examination and exempted the new agricultural tax for a long time, which led to the submission of the military and political establishment in the Southern Song Dynasty and directly shook the economic foundation of the Southern Song Dynasty. Kublai Khan built a port in Quanzhou, Fujian. On the one hand, in order to attack Japan at sea, on the other hand, in order to encourage maritime trade, the coastal areas modeled on the mode of post stations, set up supply points, and reached the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea directly to trade with the Chagatai khanate and the Jochi khanate. The farthest is built on the coast of Africa.

As a result, a country with unprecedented unity, prosperous trade and great material wealth was formed. If not destroyed by the plague, what kind of country or army could destroy this huge empire so quickly? If the plague was hundreds of years late, wouldn't the Middle East and Russia be a province of China?

Without the expansion of Mongols, Russia would still be many small principalities, and there would not even be a unified Russian nation now! China ... Stop!

No wonder Japanese scholars say that it is ironic to look at the Mongolian history described by Russia and China: the greatest legacy of Mongolians is precisely Russia and China now.

Without the expansion of Mongols, the communication between East and West would be empty talk! The west doesn't know that there is an east, and the east doesn't know that there are countries in the west. To the west, the East is the Islamic world, but there is no China. For the east, the west is also the Islamic world, and I didn't know there was Europe. This process is called discovering the world. Manchu is also a victim; Their language has almost disappeared-this nation is on the verge of extinction.

The decline of a country is attributed to the "minority" nationalities that rule the country. It seems grandiose, but what is the actual reason?

"... corrupt Manchu government ..."! !

Why is it that a "minority" ethnic group strong enough to occupy the whole of China, after ruling the country for hundreds of years, has more resources and a larger population, and has accepted the more advanced culture of the Central Plains, but it has declined instead?

Don't just read books, don't listen to one side of the story, observe carefully and consider from multiple angles! The reason for this decline lies in the bones of "culture"! This "culture" has basically been castrated since it abandoned a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone and cut off Sima Qian's little brother! In history, several "minority" nationalities declined rapidly after entering the Central Plains to accept the Central Plains culture!

In fact, Manchu people are lucky. After all, it's not too far from when they step down. The world has also developed into modern times. At most, they were labeled as "... corrupt and decadent ...", and no one dared to develop their stories into "... bloodthirsty ..." Executioners out of nothing! ! !

Think about the description after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, it is not difficult to imagine how these "writers" who studied "culture" wrote history after the Mongols left! Manchu people are not victims. From the late Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji began to worship Confucianism in culture. During this period, Mongolia and Manchuria in the East were both subjects and slaves of Manchus, not early allies. In Kangxi, there was a strange incident in which Manchu nobles bound their feet for their own girls, which was even more serious when Qianlong was sinicized. In Liaoning, the hometown of Manchu, half of Manchu is not Manchu. Moreover, Manchu officials sent by Beijing generally believe that Manchu lags behind Chinese and pays little attention to their own language and writing. In the middle and late Qing dynasty, in order to maintain their rule, they immigrated the overpopulated Han Chinese to Mongolia and Manchuria, and they were not allowed to do business with the Mongolian ancients, but encouraged Han Chinese to do business. Manchu people still have the intention of destroying Mongolia. This influence is impossible to eliminate. It can be seen that Manchu people voluntarily gave up their ancestral land, Manchu language and customs for a single material benefit. There are no new views and developments in religion and culture. Manchu fully demonstrated the national characteristics of fishing and hunting nations who are good at catching prey, and then domesticated the captured prey into their own loyal tools. I think this is the role of the Mongols in the Qing Dynasty. When the Manchu people lost their national characteristics, the Mongols were exhausted by the Manchu people, and it was logical to be overthrown by the Han people. It is better not to call it "Manchu" and give the Manchu people at least respect.

Due to the different rule of Mongolian and Manchu dynasties, Confucian culture is the bane of China's backwardness.

The decline of Mongolians comes from the infighting of Mongolians, which is different from other ethnic groups entering the Central Plains, because Mongolia has its own cultural system, but this system is very immature. Originally, it was an internal contradiction, which would not have much influence, but it was used by outsiders and became a failure of the Mongols. In the Ming Dynasty, China people supported the East when the East was weak, and supported the West when the West was weak, provoking endless internal civil strife among Mongolians. At the same time, they instigated the East against Jurchen. Farming people are good at using intrigues. In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu completely pursued this strategy of China. Hundreds of years later, this method succeeded and was close to perfection. Reminds me that during the Napoleonic period in France, the French strongly supported American independence in order to weaken the British empire, although the French would lose large colonies in North America. This kind of strategic strike is only evaluated by future generations.