How much do you know about Shandong people's trip to Kanto?

1, economic factors

During the long-term war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the productivity in Guanzhong area was seriously damaged. At the same time, due to frequent disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in severely affected Shandong, a large number of farmers have fallen into extreme poverty and their lives cannot be guaranteed. Northeast China is fertile and sparsely populated, rich in ginseng, velvet antler, mink, gold, pearls and other valuables, which is very attractive to farmers in Shanhaiguan pass.

Therefore, in the early Qing dynasty, there was already a phenomenon that the population inside Shanhaiguan moved outside Shanhaiguan. During the Qianlong period, the population of Shanhaiguan continued to expand, and the contradiction between cultivated land and population continued to be sharp, prompting the hungry Han people in Shandong and other places to become the mainstream population. In essence, de-orientalization is a spontaneous, unstoppable and tragic survival movement of poor peasants on the verge of death. Japanese Obuchi Hiranaga 1899 recorded the real historical picture of that year in Travel Notes of Manchuria: When I entered Xingjing from Fengtian, I saw my husband had a unicycle with a woman sitting on it. There are children crying and sleeping. My husband is pushing behind, my brother is pulling in front, and my old woman is leaning on a stick. Girls depend on each other On the way, my husband scolded the young woman and my mother called the child. Teams always enter Tonghua, Huairen, Hailong City and Chaoyang Town, opposite each other. From Fengtian to Jilin, all the people who slept along the way were Shandong immigrants? .

2. Government policy factors

(1) In the early Qing Dynasty, Manchu rulers transferred Shandong? Rebellion? Who sent the border? Smoking? Land, violating the criminal law? Traffic people? Send to? Extremely hard? Kanto. In the resource-rich Kanto, a large number of Shandong? Traffic people? The poor people in Shandong, who are hungry and lack of land, know about Kanto and have the idea of going there. In particular, the Manchu rulers' arbitrary enclosure, forcing people to invest and collect fees, supervising and arresting fugitives and other measures intensified the social and economic damage to Shandong and strengthened the tendency of poor people in Shandong to enter Kanto.

(2) From1644 to 1667, the Qing government's Regulations on Recruiting People for Reclamation in Liaodong stipulated that 100 people should be recruited, and the magistrate should be awarded by Wen, and the garrison should be awarded by Wu. In these 23 years? Many people from Lu Min immigrated to the northeast of China? Many areas are affected by immigration? The geographical location is great, and every household benefits. .

From 186 1 to 19 1 1, Russia continuously encroached on the border of Heilongjiang Province, and the Qing government adopted the suggestion of General Tepkin of Heilongjiang Province and officially reclaimed it in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860). The Qing government lifted the ban in Northeast China, which set off the climax of poverty in Shandong.

3. Geographical location factors

Guandong and Shandong are just across the sea. There are two ways for Shandong people to travel to Guandong: one is floating in the sea, with a straight line distance of only 100 km from Penglai in the northernmost part of Jiaodong Peninsula to Tieshan Island in the southernmost part of Liaodong Peninsula. There are frequent maritime exchanges between the two places. Most farmers in Jiaodong go to Kanto in the north of the sea.

A land route, from Shandong to Guandong by land, needs to bypass the Bohai Sea and pass Shanhaiguan, and then take the land route? Liaoxi Corridor? Most refugees in western Shandong, southern Shandong and northern Shandong take this road. In the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China, to? Ji Jiao Railway? 、? Jin-Pu Railway? Tianjin to Shandong Yixian section, Jingfeng Railway? With the opening of other sections, you can take the train directly from Shandong to Shenyang, and it is more convenient for Shandong people to travel to the east.