Was North Korea formerly a part of China?

[Editor] Ancient Korea

The Korean Peninsula has a history of five thousand years, which can be traced back as far as the founding of Tangun. But in fact, as early as hundreds of thousands of years ago, people lived on the Korean Peninsula. The Paleolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula began in 700,000 BC, and the Bronze Age began in the 10th century BC. In the 4th century BC, the Iron Age entered. The Koreans were originally Altaic-speaking ethnic groups living in the northern continent of Asia. They gradually migrated to the Korean Peninsula. From the 4th century BC, several tribal alliances were formed from Liaoning Province in China to the southern part of the peninsula, including Goguryeo, Woju, Yi, and Mahan. , Chen Han, Ben Han.

[Editor] Tangun Korea

According to legend, in 2333 BC, Tangun Wanggeum built Wanggeum City in today's Pyongyang and founded the ancient "Joseon Kingdom", which means "the land of tranquil morning light" . This legend is recorded in "Heritage of the Three Kingdoms".

[edit] Jizi Korea

The earliest recorded Korea in Chinese history was after the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty. "Shihou Kingdom". At the end of the 3rd century BC, it was recorded for the first time in Korean history. According to the work "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian, a historian from the Han Dynasty in China, Jizi, the brother of Zhou, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, brought the etiquette and systems of the Shang Dynasty to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula after King Wu of Zhou conquered Zhou. The people elected him as the king and was recognized by the Zhou Dynasty. It is known as "Ji Zi Korea" in history.

According to the Korean history book "The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms", after Jizi came to North Korea, Tangun's descendants took the people to move south to avoid conflict with the people Jizi brought. . These people later became the ancestors of the Three Hans.

Jizi Korea ruled the Korean Peninsula for nearly a thousand years. According to the Genealogy of the Xianyu Family in Taiyuan, the Xianyu family in Korea originated from the descendants of Jizi Korea. Starting from Jizi, they experienced 41 generations of monarchs until they were destroyed in the 1st century BC.

For some reasons, some Korean and Korean scholars currently have some controversy over the existence of this period of history and do not recognize the existence of Jizi Korea.

[Editor] Wei Man of Korea

Wei Man, a native of Yan State, led immigrants to North Korea and established the Wei family regime in Pyongyang in 194 BC, overthrowing the Jizi North Korea regime. This is the second dynasty in Korean history, called "Wei's Korea".

[Editor] The Four Counties of the Han Dynasty and the Three Han Dynasty

In 108 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty annexed Wei's Korea and established Lelang, Xuantu, Lintun, and The four counties of Zhenfan were called "the four counties of Han Dynasty" in history.

The ancient Koreans who migrated south, including the remnants of the Wei clan and other tribes, established the Chen Kingdom centered on Chenhan, Mahan and Benhan in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. At the same time, Gaya and other tribes also existed Small country.

[edit]Three Kingdoms Era

Please see: Three Kingdoms Era

Due to the disintegration of the Han Dynasty and the inability to visit the north, in the 4th century AD, Korea formed Goguryeo and Silla , Baekje Three Kingdoms period.

Between BC and BC ("Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded in the first century BC), three major regimes emerged on the Korean Peninsula: Silla (57 BC - 935 BC), Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 years), Baekje (18 BC-660 years). There are also Gaya and other regimes at the southern end of the peninsula. Countries attacked each other, and a heyday in Korean history also appeared.

Baekje was developed by the Mahan tribe, and Silla was formed by a small tribe in Chenhan. Baekje relied on the Southern Dynasties of China to absorb culture from China and spread it to Japan.

[Editor] About Gaya/Japan Province

As for Japan, some scholars believe that Gaya and others are located in the Benhan area at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula (today’s Gyeongsangnam-do). The political power was the "Kana Nippon Prefecture", a colony of the Japanese Yamato court on the Korean Peninsula at that time. Baekje, one of the three peninsula countries, approached Japan in order to resist the invasion of Goguryeo and Silla, hoping to use Japan to contain the two countries. Japan is trying to take advantage of this situation to establish its own power on the Korean Peninsula. This led to the Yamato court sending troops to Silla in the fourth century, occupying Benhan, and establishing Nippon Prefecture to rule it.

In 512, Baekje sent an envoy to ask the Yamato court to cede the four counties of Imna to compensate for the northern territory occupied by Goguryeo. At that time, the Yamato court was unable to continue to rule the southern part of Korea and had to agree to Baekje's request. In 562, the Japanese Mansion of Renna was destroyed by Silla.

As for North Korea and South Korea, many scholars deny that there was a Japanese colony on the Korean Peninsula at that time. On the contrary, they believed that there were many small countries on the Japanese archipelago ruled by Baekje, Gaya, and Silla, and that when the peninsula countries competed with each other for supremacy, they also competed to use the power of their dependent countries in the Japanese archipelago.

The debate between scholars from Japan, North Korea and South Korea on this issue has not yet reached a conclusion acceptable to all parties. In one year, the Microsoft Encyclopedia caused protests from some Korean scholars because of this issue. There are also many disputes in the Three Kingdoms about the interpretation of the inscription on the Goguryeo "King Tae Monument". Some Korean scholars even pointed out that the inscription on the "King Tae Monument" in Goguryeo was forged by the old Japanese Army General Staff Headquarters.

[edit] Unified Silla Era

Please see: Unified Silla Era

Silla formed an alliance with the emerging Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong In 660 AD, they joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to destroy Baekje. In 668 AD, they joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to destroy Goguryeo. In 676 AD, they expelled the Tang army and finally unified Korea. They established Gyeongju as the capital and adopted the national system of the Tang Dynasty.

In the 9th century, peasants revolted in various places. In 900, the army general Zhenxuan became the king, and the Baekje Kingdom was established, with its capital Gwangju. In 903, the revolting monk Jin Gongyi became the king, and established the kingdom in the north and northwest of Silla. The Taifeng Kingdom (first named the Mozhen Kingdom) had its capital in Cheelwon. In 918, Wang Jian established the Goryeo Dynasty, and later named the country "Goryeo"; together with the original Silla, it was called the Later Three Kingdoms period.

Silla died in Goryeo in 935, marking the end of the Silla era. This era is called the South and North Kingdom era by some Korean scholars.

[edit] Goryeo Dynasty

In 918, the Gongyi tribe overthrew Wang Jian from Gongyi, proclaimed himself king, moved the capital to his hometown Kaesong (Songak), and changed the country's name to "Korea". Silla was destroyed in 935, Baekje was destroyed in 936, and the Goryeo Dynasty was established. In 993, he was defeated by the Liao State and was forced to sever relations with the Song Dynasty and surrender to the Liao State. In 1127, he was forced to surrender to the Jin State. During the period of resisting the Khitans and Jurchens, the power of the military increased greatly. In 1170 and 1173, two coups took place, led by the military general Zheng Zhongfu. The coup soldiers deposed the king, massacred the nobles and civil servants, and finally established the "capital house" where the military general Cui Zhongxian held the king hostage. "regime. In 1231, the Mongolian army attacked Goryeo. In 1258, the Choi regime fell from power and the king surrendered to Mongolia. It became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and Daruhuachi was stationed in Kaicheng to supervise state affairs.

[edit] Li's Korea

Please see: Li's Korea

In 1368, the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty. In 1387, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to recover the Yuan Dynasty's territories in the northeast. The King of Goryeo still relied on the remaining Mongolian forces and refused to return. He sent the capital commander Li Chenggui to attack Liaodong. Li Chenggui opposed sending troops and launched a coup. In 1392, he deposed the king and established himself. The country was renamed Joseon, which means "Korea and Japan are clear". Capital Seoul. This era was called "Lee's Korea" in Japan, and this name is still used today in most historical circles. Scholars from North and South Korea believe that it should be called the Joseon Dynasty, but this name is easily confused and rarely accepted.

In 1443, King Sejong created the Korean alphabet "Hunminjeongeum".

North Korea implements a policy of promoting Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism.

In 1591, Japanese shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi led his troops to invade North Korea and occupied Pyongyang for a time. The Ming Dynasty of China sent troops to aid Korea. In 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the Chinese and Korean coalition forces. This period of history is called the "Imjin Japanese Rebellion".

In 1618, the Ming Dynasty fought against the Qing troops, and North Korea sent troops to assist. In 1637, the Qing troops occupied North Korea, and the king surrendered and became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1863, King Zhezong died without heirs. The son of the royal family Li Shiying ascended the throne as Gaozong. Li Shiying served as the regent of the "Daewuanjun" and implemented a series of reforms to strengthen centralization of power, suppress local feudal forces, and isolate the country from the outside world. , set fire to the U.S. warships that entered North Korea to rob, and repelled the attacks of U.S. warships many times, destroying three U.S. warships.

In 1873, when Gojong came of age and took charge personally, Lord Daewon stopped regenting, and Concubine Min’s relatives took power. Japanese warships entered the mouth of the Han River, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Ganghwa Treaty. In 1882, Concubine Min’s relatives withheld military pay, which led to the Renwu mutiny. During the mutiny, rebel soldiers killed Japanese legation officials and stormed the palace. Concubine Min disguised herself as a palace maid and escaped, and Lord Da Yuan returned to power. At Concubine Min's request, the Qing Dynasty sent Wu Changqing to lead 3,000 troops into North Korea to suppress the mutiny, imprisoned Lord Dayuan, and Concubine Min's relatives' group regained power. From then on, both Japan and the Qing Dynasty stationed troops in Korea.

The Korean aristocracy divided into the "enlightened faction" who demanded reform and the "conservative faction" headed by Concubine Min. On December 4, 1884, the enlightened faction and the Japanese minister planned together to launch a coup relying on the Japanese army and killed Officials of the old school announced that they would sever ties with the Qing government. It was the "Jiashen Coup". At the request of the conservative faction, the Qing army led by Yuan Shikai entered the palace on the 6th, defeated the Japanese army, and killed the leaders of the enlightened faction. Some of the leaders of the enlightened faction fled to Japan, and the conservative faction regained power.

In 1894, a large-scale peasant uprising broke out in North Korea. The Qing army landed in Asan on June 6. The Japanese army immediately landed in Incheon on July 6 and launched the Imwu Incident, occupying Seoul and forcing North Korea to Signed the unequal Treaty of Jemulpo (Jemulpo is today's Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to suppress the peasant uprising.

In 1894, Japan and the Qing army stationed in Korea launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894.

In April 1895, the Qing army failed and the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed, ending the vassal relationship between China and North Korea and recognizing Korean independence. At this point, Korea became Japan's "protectorate" and was under Japanese rule. In 1895, Japan assassinated Concubine Min, who had anti-Japanese tendencies.

In 1897, with the support of Russia, Gojong declared independence, established the Korean Empire, proclaimed himself emperor, and named Concubine Min as Empress Myeongseong. From then on, North Korea was changed to South Korea. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated. Japan established a Japanese-sent "Unified Supervisor" regime in North Korea, forcing Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and be succeeded by the Crown Prince. Japan's first Unified Supervisor, Ito Hirobumi, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot An Jung-geun in Harbin.

[edit]Japanese rule

[edit]Japan-Korea merger

Japan forced the Korean government to sign the "Japan-Korea merger" in August 1910 Treaty", officially annexed the Korean Peninsula, made the royal family a Japanese noble, assassinated Emperor Gaozong, forced Koreans to switch to Japanese, and attempted to eliminate Korean national culture.

[Editor] March 1st Independence Activities

On March 1, 1919, the Korean Peninsula launched a large-scale resistance movement because Japan banned the use of the Korean national language in schools. Ryu Soon-kwan and other young students issued the "March 1st Declaration of Independence" at Tapdong Park in Jongno District, Seoul today, but they were violently suppressed by the Japanese police and Ryu Soon-kwan and other students were killed. Known in history as the "March 1 Independence Movement." In the same year, the leaders of the Korean independence movement established a provisional government in Shanghai. After the fall of Shanghai, they moved to Chongqing and established an independence fighting team to declare war on Japan.

[edit]Modern

[edit] Korean War

In 1945, Japan surrendered, and the 38th parallel was taken over by the Soviet and American troops respectively. . With the support of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in September 1948. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and China and the United States intervened respectively. On October 19, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. On July 27, 1953, using the temporary demarcation line as the boundary, the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces signed an armistice agreement with the United Nations Army, and the United Nations assigned permanently neutral Swiss and Swedish troops to garrison in the joint security area of ????Japan to monitor the military affairs of the two countries on the border. action. On October 26, 1958, all Chinese People’s Volunteers withdrew from the Korean Peninsula. Currently, some US troops are still stationed in South Korea.