How many large reservoirs are there in China? Is it good or bad to build a reservoir?

Basin storage capacity of the province to which the name belongs (unit: 100 million cubic meters)

Three Gorges Reservoir Hubei Yangtze River 393.0

Longtan Reservoir in Pearl River, Guangxi 272.7

Longyangxia Reservoir in Qinghai Yellow River 247.0

Xin 'anjiang Reservoir Zhejiang Qiantang River 220.0

Danjiangkou Reservoir Hubei Yangtze River 209.7

Guizhou Yangtze River Large Seven-hole Bridge Scenic Resort Bridge Scenic Area Reservoir 190.0

Yongfeng Reservoir in Yalu River, Liaoning Province 146.7

Guangdong Pearl River Xinfengjiang Reservoir 139.8

Xiaolangdi Reservoir of Henan Yellow River 126.5

Fengman Reservoir of Songhua River in Jilin Province 107.8

Tianshengqiao Grade I Guizhou-Guangxi Pearl River 106.8

Sanmenxia Reservoir Henan Yellow River 103 438+0

Dongjiang Reservoir Hunan Changjiang 8 1. 1

Zhelin Reservoir of Yangtze River in Jiangxi Province 79.2

Baishan Reservoir of Songhua River in Jilin Province 65. 1

Liujiaxia Reservoir in Gansu Yellow River 6 1.2

Ertan Reservoir on the Yangtze River in Sichuan 57.9

Beijing Haihe Miyun Reservoir 43.8

Guanting Reservoir Haihe River in Hebei 4 1.6

Dongping Lake Shandong Yellow River 40.0

Heilongjiang Songhua River Lianhua Reservoir 39.2

Yunfeng Reservoir in Yalu River, Jilin Province 39. 1

Geheyan Reservoir on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province 37.7

Guangxi Pearl River Datengxia Reservoir 37. 1

Zhexi Reservoir on the Yangtze River in Hunan Province 35.7

Huanren Reservoir in Yalu River, Liaoning Province 34.6

Guangxi Pearl River Yantan Reservoir 33.5

Songtao Reservoir in Nandujiang, Hainan 33.4

Guangxi Zhujiangxi Jinjin Reservoir 30.0

Hunan Yangtze River Wuqiangxi Reservoir 29.9

Panjiakou Reservoir in Luanhe River, Hebei Province 29.3

Xi 'er River I Yunnan Xi 'er River 27.7

Chencun Reservoir Anhui Yangtze River 27.2

Xianghongdian Reservoir in Huaihe River, Anhui Province 26.3

Fujian Minjiang Shuikou Reservoir 26.0

Liaohe River, Hongshan Reservoir, Inner Mongolia 25.6

Baozhusi Reservoir Sichuan Yangtze River 25.5

Shaanxi Yangtze River Ankang Reservoir 25.8

Anhui Yangtze River Hualiangting Reservoir 24.0

Meishan Reservoir in Huaihe River, Anhui Province 23.4

Guizhou Yangtze River Wujiangdu Reservoir 23.0

Jiangxi Yangtze River Wan 'an Reservoir 22.2

Mianhuatan Reservoir Fujian Tingjiang 22. 1

Dahuofang Reservoir Liaoning Liaohe 2 1.9

Guanyinge Reservoir, Liaohe, Liaoning 2 1.7

Hunan Town Reservoir Zhejiang Oujiang 20.6

Zhanghe Reservoir Hubei Yangtze River 20.3

Fengshuba Reservoir in Pearl River, Guangdong Province 19.4

Songhua River in Jingbo Lake, Heilongjiang 16.3

Erlongshan Reservoir Jilin Liaohe River 17.6

Nanwan Reservoir of Huaihe River in Henan Province 16.3

Fushui reservoir of Hubei Yangtze River 16.2

Gezhouba Hubei Yangtze River 15.8

Gangnan Reservoir Hebei Haihe River 15.7

Tianjin Haihe Yuqiao Reservoir 15.6

Fengtan Reservoir in Hunan Yangtze River 15.4

Wangkuai Reservoir in Haihe River, Hebei Province 13.89

Shandong Weihe Xiashan Reservoir 13.77

Chaersen Reservoir in Taoerhe, Inner Mongolia 13.65

Luhun Reservoir of Yellow River in Henan Province 13.2

Bailianhe Reservoir Hubei Yangtze River 12.5

Guangdong Pearl River Nanshui Reservoir 12.43

Yahekou Reservoir on the Yangtze River in Henan Province 12.25

Huangbizhuang Reservoir in Haihe River, Hebei Province 12. 1

Dahua Reservoir Guangxi Pearl River 12.438+0

Henan Yellow River Guxian Reservoir 12.0

Huanglongtan Reservoir Hubei Yangtze River 1 1.6

Chengbihe reservoir Guangxi Zhujiang 1 1.54

Hedi Reservoir Jiuzhou River in Guangdong 1 1.5 1

Gaozhou Reservoir Guangdong Jianjiang 1 1.5

Yuecheng Reservoir in Haihe River, Hebei Province 10.9

Hexi Dayang Reservoir in Haihe River, Hebei Province 10.7

The main principle of flood control and drought relief is that due to the variability and non-repetition of river runoff, the incoming water varies year by year, season by season and region by region. In this way, sometimes the flood floods and sometimes the drought stops, so the reservoir can store water when the flood floods and release water when the drought stops, thus playing a role in flood control and drought relief. This is the so-called regulation of seasonal runoff of rivers.

Most other water departments, such as irrigation, power generation, water supply, shipping, etc. , require a relatively fixed water consumption and water consumption time, and their requirements often can not fully adapt to the natural water supply situation. In order to solve the problem of redistribution of runoff in time and space, people also need reservoirs to regulate the seasonal runoff of rivers.

Disadvantages of building reservoirs

1, increase the frequency of geological disasters in the reservoir area and its impact.

The construction of reservoirs may induce earthquakes and increase the frequency of earthquakes in the reservoir area and nearby areas. Due to the sudden long-term immersion of the lower parts of the mountains on both sides (there was no flood before), the frequency of landslides, landslides and mudslides will increase. This increase can not guarantee the safety of the reservoir, and once the reservoir has a safety accident, the impact on the downstream is many times greater than that without the reservoir, which is equivalent to rushing downstream after storing water, and the damage to the downstream will be enormous.

2. Causing sediment deposition in the reservoir area.

Due to the interception of the dam and the backwater effect caused by the change of water potential in the reservoir tail area, sediment will inevitably accumulate in the reservoir, especially in the dam and reservoir tail (backwater effect). Sediment deposition in the reservoir area leads to the continuous reduction of the actual storage capacity of the reservoir, and the benefits are decreasing year by year. And directly lead to the impact on the downstream river.

3. Soil salinization of downstream land.

Continuous irrigation makes the groundwater level rise and brings the salt in deep soil to the surface. The high content of salt and various chemical residues in irrigation water leads to soil salinization.

4. The water quality in the reservoir area and downstream has deteriorated.

The water surface area of the reservoir area is large, a large amount of water evaporates, and soil salinization increases the salt and chemical residues in the soil, thus polluting the groundwater and increasing the salt content of the downstream river.

5. Changes and impacts of downstream water environment

Due to the deterioration of water quality, the speed of water flow slows down, and aquatic plants and algae spread everywhere, which not only evaporated a lot of river water, but also blocked the river irrigation channels and so on. These aquatic plants not only spread all over irrigation channels, but also invaded major rivers. They hinder the effective operation of irrigation channels and need to be cleaned by mechanical or chemical methods frequently. This increases the maintenance cost of the irrigation system.

6. Impact on downstream rivers

Due to the change of water potential and sediment concentration, it may also change the river direction and the alluvial degree of the downstream reach, resulting in serious riverbed erosion and the river (sea) mouth retreating towards the land.

7, the impact on the spread of disease

Due to the static water flow and the increased incidence of schistosomiasis in the downstream, pathogenic microorganisms such as mosquitoes and flies will be more likely to breed in the reservoir area.

8. Immigration and its influence on the scenery and cultural relics in the reservoir area.

Because the reservoir area is flooded by the rising water level, it needs to be resettled (a big problem). Moreover, due to the construction of the reservoir, the scenic spots and cultural relics in the reservoir area have been flooded and need to be relocated and restored.

9. Impact on climate

After water storage in the reservoir area, the water area will expand and the water evaporation will increase, which will reduce the temperature difference between day and night in the nearby area and change the climate environment in the reservoir area.

10, diplomatic influence

Building a reservoir on an international river is tantamount to the redistribution of water resources, which indirectly affects the relationship between the country where the reservoir is located and the downstream countries.

1 1, loss of value

If we only pay attention to the natural landscape, of course, more water will also add points to the landscape. The canyon is gone, and the high gorge comes out of Pinghu.

12, affecting the survival of aquatic organisms.

Changes in water temperature and water quality will affect the survival of original aquatic organisms, and fish that need reproductive migration will be in danger of extinction if they are blocked by reservoirs.

13, the impact on terrestrial organisms in the reservoir area

Flooding land will not only lead to immigration, but also expel land animals, and land plants will also be flooded. Terrestrial plants may die in large numbers, especially in the case of endangered species. Submerged plants will ferment to form biogas, which will lead to air pollution and climate warming when discharged into the air.

From the above analysis, we can see that the advantages and disadvantages of building a reservoir are interrelated, and all kinds of disadvantages also influence each other. This reminds us of a basic geographical viewpoint: the integrity of geographical environment.