The origin of Huai surname

Huai (pronounced huá i (?ㄨㄞˊ)) originated from the Feng family and descended from Fu Xishi in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, belonging to clan appellation. According to the historical book "Yi Zhou Shu Wang Hui Jie", it is recorded: "The meeting of the Zhou Dynasty covered Zhang Chi and Yu Yin, and the son of heaven stood in the south. If you don't show up again, 80 things will go through the court. Uncle Tang, Uncle Xun and Duke Zhou are on the left, and King Taigong is on the right. They all wore royal robes and had 70 items, standing beside the emperor. On the right side of the hall, Tang Gongyu Palace faces south. On the left side of the main hall, Yin Gong and Xia are all in the south, showing countless things and wearing fifty things in court, all of which are fascinating. For the governors who have diseases, they are in the south of the order, wishing you peace and prosperity, followed by the banners, followed by the west, and next to the tantric Sect. It is home to the medicine of the sick prince. " Ji Lang is the east step of Tang Chao Hall. The steps of the post station are the places where the courtiers are designated to stand when they are in court. After the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the re-establishment of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, ministers arranged shifts in Chengzhou (the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the eastern capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, also known as Luoyi, now Luoyang Wangcheng Park in Henan Province), and the people standing on the south side of Ji Lang were the spiritual symbols of the Zhou Dynasty-witches and temple wishes. Among them, Wyeth was a man at that time and a wizard (male wizard) of the Zhou Dynasty, which shows the political status of people in the Zhou Dynasty. Zhang Shu (A.D. 1776 ~ 1847), a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, analyzed in Xing Yuan: "When water is the surname, how can it be, Huai and Hu?"

Zhu Huai's family was a sorcerer in the Zhou Dynasty, and his descendants were called Huai's family by their ancestors.

Note: Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the Huai clan was the first clan group to merge with the Huaxia clan to form the Han nationality, that is, the "Yi nationality" juxtaposed with the Huaxia clan. It was called "Yi" in Xia and Shang Dynasties, divided into two parts in the Western Zhou Dynasty: Dongyi and Huaiyi, and finally fully integrated into the Han nationality in the Spring and Autumn Period. Xia Nai, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and the founder of New China Archaeology, thinks in the book Origin of Chinese Civilization: "Yi people are the alternate development of two cultural systems, and the Yi people in the east and the Chinese people in the west have formed the ancient culture of China."

The famous historian Xu Zai 1943 wrote in the book Legendary Times of China Ancient History: "The ancient Huaxia Group, Dongyi Group and Nanman Group are the main bodies of the Chinese nation, and Tai Hao is the representative of Dongyi Group."

After textual research, the famous master of Chinese studies, Peking University Jane Bozan, also said in the Outline of China History: "The early great integration of the Chinese nation was mainly centered on the three tribes of Huangdi, Yi and Yi."

Recently, some scholars think that it is more appropriate to call the Yi people "descendants of Huang Xi" than "descendants of Chinese people". Tai Hao, namely Fu, was a clan leader who took "snake" as his totem more than 6,400 years ago. He led the tribe from Tianshui, Gansu to Huaiyang, north of Huaishui. Later, the tribes in Huaishui Valley and even in East China returned with birds, horses and tigers as totems, and Fu integrated many clan totems, eventually forming the Dongyi clan with "dragon" as the totem. The dragon consists of tiger head, eagle claw, ox ear, horse face, antlers, fish scales, shrimp whiskers, snake body, etc. Among them, the totem of Huaiyi ancestors is "tiger". The capital of Taihao Fuxi is in Huaiyang (ancient Huaiyin, now Huaicheng Town, Chuzhou, Jiangsu), facing Huaiyin across the Huaihe River. Fu is "the head of a hundred kings". In ancient books, he is the head of Huang San (Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi) and the head of the five emperors (Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu). Ancient historians in China have long verified that the15th generation descendant of Taihao Fuxi was Shennong, Yan Di, and the Yellow Emperor only appeared 500 years after Shennong. Taihao Fuxi's contribution to Chinese civilization is unparalleled. He created gossip, created calligraphy contracts, invented nets, made pianos, formulated wedding etiquette, and brought people into civilized society with the official name of "Dragon", so he was called "the ancestor of mankind". The eight diagrams he created not only embodied the theory of "number, reason and image" in China's science, but also inspired the western "mathematical binary system" and the invention of computers in17th century.

Li Tianjing, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, even thinks that there are few historical records of Yan Emperor's deeds, and there are records of Huangdi's repeated defeats and wars. Therefore, it is more appropriate and appropriate to say that the Chinese nation is a descendant of the Chinese people than to say that it is a descendant of the Chinese people. Originated from Mi surname and descended from Liu An, the king of Huainan in Han Dynasty, it belongs to Wei surname. Wyeth, according to legend, came from Liu An, the king of Huainan in Han Dynasty. Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, had eight sons, and Liu An's father Chang Lu was his youngest son. Liu An: (BC 179 ~ 122), the grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Huainan. The dispute between Chu and Han ended. In 202 BC, after Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, was defeated, Liu Bang was "persuaded" by Chu Wang Han Xin, Han Wangxin, Huainan Wang Yingbu, Liang Wang Peng Yue, Hengshan Wang, Wang Zhao Zhang Ao and Rebecca Zang, and became the emperor of the Han Dynasty from "Hanwang", completing the historic transformation from Qin to Han. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the contradiction between the central government and the governors of the Western Han Dynasty quickly surfaced. Under the fierce conflict of interests, the princes rose up and attacked them.

In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (196 BC), Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, led an army against Han for the first time, and Liu Bang, an old and frail man, led an army against it and finally defeated Ying Bu. Since then, in a series of counter-insurgency wars against princes, Liu Bang has learned a "lesson"-the key reason why princes betray the Central Committee is that they are not surnamed Liu. Therefore, Liu Bang began to enfeoffment his ministers to Liu's imperial clan children. By the time of his death in the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 195), Liu had nine princes, among whom he inherited the enfeoffment of Ying Bu and was made king of Huainan by Liu Bangli. Huainan * * * governs Jiujiang, Hengshan, Lujiang and Zhang Yu counties, with Shouchun as its capital, which is now Shouxian County in Jiangxi Province. However, the later historical development shows that this "experience and lesson" summarized by Liu Bang is absolutely absurd. Liu's children, who were personally canonized as princes, soon became full-fledged and powerful, and embarked on the old road of Ying Bu and other princes with different surnames. They not only "cross counties, there are dozens of cities, and all officials in the palace have the same capital", but even openly compete with the court. Shortly after Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, Liu Xingju, the king of northern Hebei, first sent his troops to rebel. In BC 174, Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, who was regarded as a brother by China Emperor Liu Heng, also rebelled. Liu Chang's biological mother, Evonne, was originally a concubine of Zhang Ao in Wang Zhao. When Liu Bang attacked the State of Qin and passed through the State of Zhao, he gave it to Liu Bang and became pregnant after having sex with Liu Bang. Later, Zhang Ao rebelled and was arrested for his involvement. After giving birth to Liu Chang, she committed suicide. In this context, Liu Chang has developed a rebellious mentality since childhood. After being the king of Huainan, he developed this mentality to the extreme and was always arrogant. By the time Emperor Wen arrived, most of Liu Bang's sons had died, leaving only Emperor Wen and King Huainan. Therefore, Liu Chang was arrogant and ignored all kinds of laws and regulations of the imperial court. For example, because he resented Minister Bi Yanghou for not protecting his biological mother Evonne, he came up with a way to kill Bi Yanghou with an iron cone hidden in his sleeve. Liu Chang not only did not use China laws in Huainan, but also personally appointed officials at all levels. The small country of Huainan became a "paradise" that was not ruled by the Han Dynasty.

BC 174, secretly sent people to collude with Qi and others and planned to unite Fujian, Vietnam and Xiongnu to revolt. However, Liu Chang's plot was soon discovered by the court, and he himself was arrested in Beijing.

In the eighth year of Emperor Wendi (BC 172), Liu Chang was deposed from the throne. Out of brotherhood, Wendi did not punish Liu Changji according to law, but exiled him to Shu County. Liu Chang died of hunger strike on the way to be sent, at the age of 25. After his death, he was named "Huainan Wang Li". After Liu Chang's death, Huainan was abolished and returned to the central management. Two years later, Wendi remembered his younger brother Liu Chang who committed suicide. The more he thinks about it, the less he feels. Then he wrote a letter to Liu Chang's four sons who were only seven or eight years old. In the 16th year of Emperor Wendi (164 BC), Emperor Wendi divided the original Huainan country into three parts: Huainan, Hengshan and Lujiang, and gave them to Liu Ansan. Liu An was named King of Huainan at the age of sixteen, the eldest son. I hope Liu An, who suffered from the loss of his father since childhood, can be loyal to the Han Dynasty. But in fact, Liu An's life has been spent in frequent dissatisfaction, resentment and disloyalty with the imperial court. Liu An is different from his arrogant father. He likes to make friends with guests. When he was king of Huainan, he recruited thousands of guests and warlocks at most. These guests not only give lectures on alchemy in Wangmi, Huainan, but also often discuss political, academic, life and other issues with him. Liu An is also different from ordinary royal children. He didn't like riding and hunting very much since he was a child, but he loved reading, learning arts and playing the piano, especially Huang Lao's Daoism. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu An had become a well-known scholar in China and enjoyed a high reputation among the governors. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appreciated this talented uncle very much, and once called him to Chang 'an to write Biography of Li Sao. It is said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict early in the morning, and Liu An wrote the Biography of Li Sao at noon. After seeing it, Emperor Wudi praised it again and again.

Liu Anhao likes reading drums and playing the piano. He doesn't like riding hounds and horses. He devoted himself to governing the country and keeping the country safe, writing books and saying things. Liu An loves Xian, is a corporal of courtesy Xian, and Shouchun, the capital of Huainan, has become a cultural center where scholars gather. Liu An and other officials wrote Huainan Zi (also known as Huainan Lie Hong). Huainanzi has 2 1 internal chapter, 33 external chapters and 2 Tao Xun, with more than 200,000 words. He has written eighty-two poems, forty-four poems by governors, four songs by Huainan, nineteen volumes of Huainan Miscellaneous Stars, and ten thousand books by Huainan, covering political science, philosophy, ethics, history, literature, economics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agriculture, water conservancy, medical and health care and other fields. Huainanzi embodies Taoist thought. There is a record in Huainan Wanbi Book that "Zeng Qing changed iron into copper". According to textual research, "Zeng Qing" refers to the compound of copper, and some scientists think it is verdigris. Huang Bai, Liu An's good skill, called Jianghu Taoists, Confucian scholars, practitioners, alchemists and alchemists. The most famous ones are Su Fei, Li Shang, Tian You, Baylor, Wu Bei, Jinchang, Maobei and Zuo Wu, who are known as "Bagong". They built an alchemy furnace in the north of Shouchun Mountain and occasionally made tofu. Liu An was honored as the originator of tofu, hence the name Bagong Mountain.

Liu An's thought of governing the country is "governing by doing nothing". He improved Taoist thought, not following the law first and the old rules. He followed the laws of nature and formulated a series of policies to encourage production, make good use of talents and show sympathy for the people, which made Huainan present a scene of peace and prosperity. Although Liu An's policy of governing the country was supported by the people, in that era when Confucianism dominated, his Taoist thoughts were repeatedly refuted by the Han court. Therefore, although Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appreciated Liu An's talent very much, his ruling thought of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" strongly ran counter to the Taoist theory of "governing by doing nothing" advocated by Liu An, and the death of his father Liu Changzhi became a "dead knot" in Liu An's mind. Therefore, while holding "academic discussions" extensively, Liu An is constantly accumulating strength to prepare for the rebellion one day. However, like his father, Liu An's rebellion has not been implemented, and it has come to an end because of the complaint of Baylor, a public guest, and the informer of Wu Bei and his grandson Liu Jian. Among thousands of people recruited in Lu 'an, eight are the most talented. They are Su Fei, Li Shang, Zuo Wu, Chen You, Wu Bei, Mao Zhou, Baylor and Jinchang. These eight people are called "Eight Heroes" of Huainan royal family. Among them, Baylor is a swordsman with exquisite fencing. In the battle for Huainan's money, he accidentally hit it and angered the prince. Later, he was forced to stay in Huainan. Baylor then asked Liu An to follow the general Wei Qing to fight the Huns. Unexpectedly, hearing this, Liu An thought that Ray had been betrayed and fired. Lei, who bears a grudge, simply escaped from Huainan and went to Chang 'an to sue Liu. According to the Han law, anyone who interferes with the implementation of the emperor's imperial edict should be sentenced to death by abandoning the city. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was busy "cutting the vassal", had heard something about Liu An's actions, so it happened at the right moment. Emperor Wu took the opportunity to put on a show and deprived Liu An of his fief. Wu Bei, another public figure in "Bagong", tried to dissuade him many times when he learned that Huai nun Tzu was going to rebel, but Liu An not only refused to listen, but always refuted it with the successful examples of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. Seeing that his suggestion could not be adopted, Wu also decided to go back and report the rebellion in Liu An to the court. As the saying goes, "It never rains but it pours", just at the critical moment of Liu An's life and death, his grandson Liu Jian jumped out again and "stabbed" his grandfather in the heart. Liu Jian's father, Liu Buhai, because he was an unmarried woman, was seldom loved by Liu An, and he had long complained. As a result, his "brainless" son Liu Jian even went to Chang' an to report the case. Liu Jian's original purpose was to frame money and make his father the heir of the king of Huainan. It's just that he didn't expect that this situation just sent his grandfather to the grave. As a result, the first defendant was Lei, the second defendant was Wu, and the third defendant was Liu Jian. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Tang, a famous cruel official, to handle the case. It turns out that Liu An's rebellion is true. In the first year of founding ceremony (BC 122), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to Huainan on charges of "betraying customers, obeying people and rebelling". From Liu An's home, I found the offensive equipment for rebellion, as well as the forged decree and Jin Xi. Liu An, who knew his crime was unforgivable, committed suicide at the age of 54. Liu Ci, the king of Hengshan who colluded with him, also committed suicide after hearing the news. After Liu An's death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued a letter to investigate this matter, and thousands of people were implicated and killed. Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty abolished Huainan, changed its hometown to Jiujiang County, and brought it under the central jurisdiction. Since then, Huainan imperial clan has declined.

Later, a lucky man in Liu An escaped, because their ancestors used to be the king of Huainan, so someone changed Liu's surname to Huai's, and their descendants continue to this day. Originated from the surname Ji, from the giant swallow of the Warring States State of Yan, belonging to the surname Wei. It is the national surname of Ji surnamed Korea, which originated from the adherents of Yan State during the Warring States Period. In ancient Korea, it was divided into Shao Yan and Juyan. The Zhihuai family originated in Juyan, that is, Juyan, which refers to the northern part of Shandong Province today and belongs to Yan State in ancient times. The reign of Ji Zhun, whose surname is Korea's 4th1generation, coincided with the end of Qin Dynasty, when the Han Dynasty was at its peak, and Liu Bang and Xiang Yu competed for the Central Plains, which is known as the period of "Chu and Han contending". Tens of thousands of people in the Qi, Zhao and Yan areas of the Central Plains fled to Zhun (whose surname is North Korea) because of the war, and their western areas were allowed to be resettled. "Juyan" refers to the Shandong Yan immigrants who fled the troubled times during the Qin and Han Dynasties and originated from Ji's Korea.

In the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (195 BC), Hanwang Lu Wan fought against Han, Fan Kuai attacked Yan, and Hanwang Lu Wan fled to Xiongnu. From time to time, Wei Man, a man from the State of Yan, took advantage of Lu Wan's desperate opportunity to rally more than a thousand party member and go to Tanshui (now Datong River in North Korea) to help the world. After Wei Man arrived in North Korea, he suggested that Ji Zhun should open its western border to receive fugitives from the Central Plains, thinking that North Korea was a Pingfan. Ji Zhun adopted Wei Man's suggestion, worshiped Wei Man as a doctor, gave Gui, made him a hundred miles, and ordered him to keep the western boundary. Later, Wei Man lied that ten Han troops came to attack and asked to stay in Wei. Ji Zhun agreed in a fog and closed the door. Later, Wei Man and his followers rebelled against Ji Zhun, and Ji Zhun was allowed to go to sea and flee to South Korea, calling himself Hanwang. Ji's Korean pawn. After Wei Man occupied Korea named Ji, the deceased of the State of Yan, Zhao and Qi became the king of Wei Man with its capital, which was called Wei Man Korea in history. After the Han dynasty, Liaodong satrap appointed Wei Man as foreign minister, responsible for "protecting barbarians beyond the Great Wall and not stealing borders;" Barbarian monarch wants to see the son of heaven, don't forbid it. "In the first year of Yuan Shuo in Han Dynasty (BC 128), Lu Nan, the former dirty king of Wei, surrendered to Han, with a rate of 280,000 people belonging to Liaodong. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Haijun (now Haicheng, Liaoning Province) with his land, and decided to move his family to the Central Plains. After that, the provincial documents were simplified to the single surname Zhi and Shi Huai, which were passed down from generation to generation. Originated from place names, from ancient Huaishui, it belongs to the name of Juyi. Huaishui has been a very famous river since ancient times, that is, the Huaihe River, which flows between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Originated in Dafu Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Nanyang City, Henan Province, it flows southeast in three ways under Hongze Lake: the mainstream flows through Sanhe Gate, flows out of Sanhe, and flows into the Yangtze River in Sanjiangying via baoying lake and gaoyou lake, with a total length of about 1000 km and a drainage area of187,000 km2; Another tributary flows out from Gaoliangjianmen on the east bank of Hongze Lake, and flows into the Yellow Sea at Biandan Port through the irrigation main canal in northern Jiangsu. The third tributary flows from Helmn on the northeast bank of Hongze Lake and enters the sea via Hu Aishu. The whole Huaihe River basin spans five provinces: Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Hubei. Because the Yellow River once took the river into the sea in history, the Huaihe River is now divided into Huaihe River System and Yishu Surabaya System, with Huaihe River System in the south and Yishu Surabaya System in the north of the abandoned Yellow River. The average annual runoff of the whole Huaihe River basin is 6.21100 million cubic meters, including 45.3 billion cubic meters of Huaihe River system and 0.6 billion cubic meters of Yishu Sishui River system. The Huaihe River Basin has nurtured countless Chinese descendants since ancient times and created an immortal Huaihe civilization. As early as the seventh year of Wang (600 BC), people began to store water around the depression between the tributary Pi River and the East Fei River, creating a famous ancient water conservancy project-Shaopi. After maintenance and expansion, the perimeter of the dam varies from 100 to 300 miles. In the thirty-fourth year of Zhou Jigai (Ji Zha) (in the ninth year of Wu Fucha, 486 BC), the state of Wu first dug the famous Hangou Canal and opened the shipping between the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. In the thirty-eighth year of the Zhou Dynasty (twenty-nine years, 482 BC), in the process of competing for hegemony with Chu State, Wei State opened the famous Honggou again, and reached the Yellow River from Surabaya, a tributary of the Huaihe River, through the machine water. In the first year of Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di (AD 605), the famous Tongji Canal was built to introduce the Yellow River water into the Huaihe River in Sizhou. These ancient canals built by Chinese sons and daughters in the Huaihe River Basin have played an extremely important role in the history of North-South exchanges.

Among the residents in the Huaihe River basin, there is a long-standing Wei surname named Huai, which has been passed down from generation to generation. It is impossible to discuss the origin of his surname, but it is said that Xu Huaiyi, a branch of Dongyi nationality in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, first took Huai as his surname. After Zhou Muwang crushed the large-scale rebellion launched by Xu Yanwang, the leader of Xu Huaiyi, the Huai clan with Xu Yanwang as its ancestor was born. Later, someone moved to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where Yelang Kingdom frequently appeared in the Han Dynasty.