Introduction to Israel

Located in the Palestinian area of West Asia. According to United Nations resolution 1947 on the partition of Palestine, the area of the State of Israel is 14000 square kilometers. The population is 4.255 million (1984). Tel Aviv-Jaffa was the capital of Israel in 1984, and 1950 unilaterally announced its move to Jerusalem. 1July, 980, Jerusalem was also declared as the "eternal and indivisible capital" of Israel.

resident

The main ethnic groups of residents are Jews and * * *. Jews account for 82% of the national population, and * * * people account for 17%. * * * People are mostly concentrated in Galilee, and Jews are mainly in the plains. Among the urban population, Jews account for 87.3%, and * * * people account for 12.7%. Few Bedouins (herders) live in vast desert areas. Jews believe in Judaism, * * * people believe in * * religion, 1/4 believe in Christianity. The official language is Hebrew. * * * people speak * * * language. Because Jews are mostly immigrants from all over the world, they often move to Mandarin in their daily lives. Before 1948, 9/ 10 Palestinian Jews came from Europe; After 1948, a large number of Jews moved in from North Africa and Asia. There are great differences in culture and education between "European" and "Oriental" Jews. The central lowlands are Hebrew-speaking European Jews, and a large part of the peripheral Jews are dark-skinned Eastern Jews. Before World War I, the Jewish population was less than 50,000, increasing from 1946 to 600,000 and from 1982 to 3,666,300. At the same time, more than/kloc-0.0 million people were driven out of their homes. The population density is about 304 people per square kilometer. The population distribution is extremely uneven. Tel Aviv, which accounts for only 2.0% of the national area, has a population of14, with more than 3,300 people per square kilometer. The Negev desert covers an area of 1/2, and the population density is only 5 people per square kilometer. The proportion of urban population is 87%. 1982 employees are 1928600, of which 789000 are engaged in construction, 39 1400 are engaged in social services, 292500 are engaged in mining and manufacturing, and the rest are finance, telecommunications, agriculture and forestry.

economic geography

Economic Geography After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the industry has developed rapidly, increasing by 7.5 times from 1955 to 1982, becoming a highly militarized developed industrial country. 1.982 per capita GDP is $5,700.

industry

Mainly manufacturing. There are more than ten thousand industrial and mining enterprises in China, and the industrial output value of 1.982 accounts for 2 1% of GDP. The most prominent industrial sectors are diamond processing and arms industry. 198 1 year, diamond exports account for about 23.6% of the total industrial export value, ranking first among diamond exporters in the world. The arms industry provides about 1/3 employment opportunities for the national labor force. In addition to producing general weapons, it also manufactures airplanes, missiles and so on. About 3/5 of arms products are exported to more than 40 countries and regions, making it one of the major arms exporters in the world. Other manufacturing industries include electronics, electrical appliances, machinery, chemistry, pharmacy, paper making, textiles, food and so on. The power industry has been able to meet domestic demand. The mining industry mainly mines oil, phosphate and various salts in the Dead Sea in the southern Negev desert plateau.

agriculture

From 65438 to 0982, the labor force engaged in agricultural production only accounted for 6.4% of the total labor force in China, and the agricultural output value accounted for about 5% of GDP. The arable land area in China is about 950,000 hectares, and the arable land is 427,000 hectares, including 6,543,800 hectares of irrigated land. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), water conservancy was built, swamps were drained, canals across the Jordan River were built, lake tiberias was introduced into the Negev Desert, desalination plants were built in Ette and wells were drilled in the Negev Desert to extract groundwater. Agricultural production is increasing year by year. Olives and tobacco are mainly grown in the Galilee Plateau. Rice, cotton, peanuts, corn and all kinds of subtropical fruits are produced around lake tiberias. Plain area is the central planting area of citrus; Grains and vegetables grow in hilly areas. Wheat is the main grain crop, with an annual output of1981-1982127,000 tons. The cash crop is mainly cotton, and the annual output of lint and cottonseed 198 1 is 239,400 tons, of which 1/4 is for export. Citrus occupies an important position in agriculture, with an annual output of 198 1- 1982 of16.54 million tons, which is the main export agricultural product. There are avocados (80% of the annual output is exported), apples, peaches, bananas and grapes. Fruit is more than self-sufficient, and grain and oil still need to be imported.

Animal husbandry has developed rapidly, mainly raising sheep and cattle, and is self-sufficient in milk. It is one of the largest turkey producers in the world.

traffic

Domestic traffic is mainly by land, with a total length of 1 1.950km. Railway nylon line 5 16 km. External relations depend on air and sea. Civil aircraft can reach western Europe, the United States, Canada, Cyprus, Romania and some Asian and African countries. The main deep-water port is Ashdod, and other ports include Haifa and Eilat. 1980, there were 100 freighters flying the Israeli flag, with a cargo volume of 2.463 million tons.

foreign trade

Agricultural products were the main export commodities in 1950s, and industrial products were the main export commodities in 1960s. Diamonds are important export commodities, and other export commodities include textiles, steel, automobiles, fertilizers, organic and inorganic chemicals, fruits and cotton. The main export targets are the United States, Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries and regions. From 65438 to 0982, the goods exported to the same market in Europe accounted for 60% of the total exports. Imports are mainly mineral raw materials, boilers, machinery, motors, vehicles and consumer goods such as oil and food. The main importing countries are the United States, Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and Italy.

Regional economic differences

Due to the erosion of seasonal heavy rainfall, the Galilee Plateau has formed a small fertile field on the hillside, which is one of the agricultural areas, mainly planting wheat, peanuts, cotton, olives and tobacco. Tourism also plays an important role. Hula Lake and lake tiberias in Jordan Valley are both important agricultural areas, with a wide variety of crops, rich in rice, cotton, peanuts, corn, bananas, dates and tomatoes, as well as poultry, cows and fish farming. The land around Esdelalon Plain and Jakob in Jihron is fertile, with abundant rainfall and springs. It is called granary and grape producing area. The coastal plain is the most densely populated area and the main industrial area, and Tel Aviv-Jaffa and Haifa are the largest industrial, commercial and transportation centers. The Negev Desert contains phosphate, copper, oil and natural gas. Eilat has a large oil refinery with roads and two oil pipelines connecting the Mediterranean Sea.