When was the first space probe in the world? Pray for the great gods.

A: The former Soviet Union launched its first lunar probe in 1959. Related knowledge: The Milky Way is brilliant and the deep space is far away. Shortly after the first man-made satellite entered the earth orbit, the March of human beings to extraterrestrial planets was put on the agenda. Now, human-made space probes not only pave the way for human beings to land on the moon, but also visit all the planets in the solar system and are trudging to more distant planets outside the solar system. The exploration and research of deep space by human beings has important scientific value and social influence. First of all, we should make use of the advantages of space technology to understand and understand the space environment of the sun and the earth more comprehensively, such as investigating the effects of high-altitude radiation belts, cosmic rays and solar wind on the earth's ecology; Secondly, develop solar system resources, establish permanent space bases on the moon and Mars, and even create conditions to immigrate to these extraterrestrial planets; Thirdly, through the study of the formation of big planets, we can investigate the history of the formation of the earth, explore the origin of life, discover more new celestial bodies, uncover the mystery of the evolution of the universe, and look for traces of cosmic people. Since the first lunar probe went into space for more than 30 years, human beings have made extensive investigations on various celestial bodies in the solar system in a planned and step-by-step manner, obtained extremely rich and valuable information, deepened people's understanding of the space of the solar system, and even changed the old ideas established for a long time in the past, creating conditions for further conquest of the solar system. Deep space exploration begins with flying to the moon, then gets rid of the shackles of the earth, rushes to Venus and Mars, neighbors of the earth, and travels around the solar system and enters the wider universe. At first, the space probe just carefully skimmed over these celestial bodies, peeped at the surrounding environment in orbit, and then boldly landed on celestial bodies such as the moon, Venus and Mars in a hard landing and soft landing for on-the-spot investigation. The moon is the first goal for people to explore deep space. Usually, after the lunar probe is launched from the ground, it first enters the circular parking orbit; Then, the probe accelerates into the earth-moon transfer orbit, which is a circular curve with the center of the earth as the focus; The lunar probe flew directly to the moon along the transfer orbit and entered the gravitational field of the moon. At this time, the orbit shape becomes a hyperbola with the center of the moon as the focus. The detector then decelerates with a braking rocket, turning the hyperbolic orbit into an elliptical orbit and flying around the moon, finally reaching the moon. In this orbit, it usually takes five days for the lunar probe to fly from the earth to the moon. Because it is a long way to fly from the earth to the planet, the rocket can't carry more fuel, so it is necessary to save fuel as much as possible and choose a shortcut to fly to the planet. 1925, Austrian scientist W. Horman proposed for the first time that there is only one optimal orbit to fly to the planet, that is, the double tangent elliptical orbit tangent to the earth orbit and the target star orbit at the same time. This optimal orbit is called the Horman orbit. It uses the revolution of the earth and planets to make the detector get the necessary speed only in the initial stage, and then fly by inertia most of the time. Although it saves fuel, it takes a long time to fly. If the initial speed of taking off from the Earth is about11.5km per second, it will take about 146 days to fly to Venus along this orbit. If the initial speed of taking off from the earth is 1 1.6 km per second, it will take about 259 days to fly to Mars one way. When the initial speed of flying to Mercury is 14.2 kilometers per second, it takes about 1000 days for a one-way flight. If you want to fly to Saturn, it will take 2200 days; It takes 5800 days to fly to Uranus; It takes 13000 days to fly to Neptune. This is only the current level of rocket technology. In the future, if rockets with better performance and greater thrust are developed, such as atomic rockets and photon rockets, which can accelerate or fly in a straight line halfway, the time of interstellar navigation will be shortened. So far, various space probes have made distance or field visits to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Halley's Comet and many asteroids and satellites, and have achieved fruitful results. For example, Venus is shrouded in dense fog and warm world all day, the so-called artificial canal and the mystery of life on Mars, Saturn's strange halo and satellite family, the largest Jupiter and its aurora landscape. Through the probe's visit, most of them have found the answer one after another, and new discoveries have been made constantly, showing the new face of the solar system in front of people. Now, Pioneer 1 1 and Voyager 2 have traveled for 10 years. After visiting many planets, they have flown to the edge of the solar system. They shoulder the sacred mission of mankind and rush to the more distant stars. Colorful space probes are bound to make new achievements in exploring space and developing the universe.