Study on Compensation Mechanism for Exploitation and Utilization of Energy and Mineral Resources in Xinjiang

In order to realize the effective compensation for the development and utilization of mineral resources, the government must assume greater responsibilities and establish legal restraint mechanisms, financial transfer payment mechanisms, ecological compensation mechanisms, regional coordination mechanisms and market price mechanisms. , coordinate the relationship between the mechanisms, establish a good complementary and alternative relationship, give full play to the role of each relatively independent mechanism, and make the whole economic compensation mechanism play its maximum role. However, at present, these mechanisms intersect and restrict each other, and there are many phenomena of "absence" and "offside", which seriously affect the function of the whole system. Therefore, at present, the urgent task is to locate each machine well, so that these mechanisms can become their own relatively independent and complete system, and at the same time, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between them, and then establish these mechanisms within their respective frameworks.

6.3. 1 Price formation mechanism of mineral resources products

At present, the price of mineral resources in China cannot effectively and truly reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, scarcity and environmental cost of mineral resources, and lacks the incentive and restraint function for investors, operators and consumers. The price composition of resource products is unreasonable, and the cost of resource destruction and environmental pollution control in the production process of resource products is not reflected in its price. The value of resources is not fully reflected in the price of resources, nor is it fully compensated in the initial distribution and redistribution of the country. The current price system of mineral resources is not conducive to changing the mode of economic growth and building a resource-saving society, nor to sustainable development. Therefore, we should give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, gradually straighten out the price relationship of resource products, create an external environment conducive to promoting the price reform of resource products from the aspects of accelerating system reform and enterprise reform, perfecting the market system and perfecting relevant supporting policies, and gradually establish a price formation mechanism that can reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, resource scarcity, pollution loss cost and intergenerational fair cost.

6.3. 1. 1 Basic principles of price reform of mineral resources products

Market-oriented, government regulation. The price reform of resource products should give full play to the dual regulatory role of planning and market, but if the price of mineral resources is too much interfered by administrative means, it will be difficult for price leverage to play an effective role. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually and comprehensively liberalize the government's price control over mineral resources. On the one hand, in areas with competitive potential, by introducing competition mechanism, the direct control of the government on prices can be relaxed, prices can be formed in market competition, the role of price signals in guiding market supply and demand can be fully exerted, resource allocation can be optimized, resource conservation and rational development can be promoted, and resource utilization efficiency can be improved; At the same time, when necessary, the government mainly relies on indirect means to regulate the prices of these resource products. On the other hand, for some business links that cannot form competition, it is necessary to strengthen and improve the government's price control to ensure the smooth operation of the market and national economic security.

Make overall consideration and support promotion. Price is a comprehensive reflection of the operation of the national economy, and the economic system and operation mechanism play a very important role in the formation of price. To some extent, the reform of the price formation mechanism of resource products depends on the deepening of economic system reform and the improvement of market system, and needs the support of fiscal and taxation policies. Changes in resource prices involve production, circulation and consumption. Therefore, to promote the price reform of resource products, we must make overall plans and properly handle the interests of all parties, which is an important condition for the smooth implementation of the reform.

Full cost, full compensation. The key to the rationality of resource price lies in whether the enterprise cost accounting is true and complete. The cost of mineral resources development enterprises must accurately reflect their resource costs, production costs and environmental costs, as well as the withdrawal and development costs of enterprises. Resource cost is the total expenditure of an enterprise to obtain mining rights, production cost is the total expenditure of the enterprise's production process, environmental cost is the compensation cost of environmental damage in the process of resource exploitation, transportation and processing, and exit and development cost is the investment cost of an enterprise to develop new resources and find alternative resources. The total cost of resource development plus a reasonable return on investment not lower than the average social profit rate should be a reasonable resource price.

6.3. 1.2 Basic contents of price reform of mineral resources products

The first is to promote the reform of market-oriented resource price mechanism. The price reform of mineral resources products must adapt to marketization. First, the cost of resource products should fully reflect the compensation requirements of resource exploitation and ecological environment restoration to ensure the sustainable utilization of resources; Second, the price of resource products should reflect the market supply and demand, which is conducive to saving and protecting resources and promoting the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of growth mode; Third, consider the ecological compensation cost in the price factors of mineral resources, and form a reasonable price comparison with other commodities.

The second is to give full play to the role of the market in allocating resources. Starting from the reality of China crude oil and coal market, it is closely linked with the international market, so that the resource price can accurately reflect the market changes. Accelerate the cultivation, establishment and improvement of a unified, open and competitive resource market system, promote the free flow of resource property rights and resource products among different industries, departments and regions, form a market-determined price mechanism and an all-round competition pattern as soon as possible, gradually liberalize the government's price control over mineral resources, and finally establish a market-oriented mineral resource price formation mechanism with appropriate government intervention.

The third is to improve the price composition of resource products. At present, the price of mineral resources does not reflect its full value and does not include its full cost, which directly leads to the low price of mineral resources. Therefore, establish and improve the cost accounting framework of resource price formation, reflect all costs in the price composition of resource products, and include the development cost of resources, compensation cost of resource depletion, environmental pollution control cost of resource development, intra-generational and inter-generational fair cost, and enterprise withdrawal cost into the scope of enterprise cost expenditure, so as to completely and accurately account for the true value of mineral resources.

Fourth, take effective measures to actively cultivate market intermediary organizations such as resource property right evaluation institutions and professional brokerage companies to improve the transaction efficiency and depth of the resource market [87].

Fifth, accelerate the reform of resource-based enterprises, establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of enterprises by accelerating the construction of modern enterprise system with corporate governance structure, so that enterprises can more consciously accept the guidance of market prices.

6.3.2 Ecological compensation mechanism for the development and utilization of mineral resources

The exploitation of mineral resources has brought negative effects on the surrounding ecological environment, infringed on the environmental rights and interests of local residents and threatened their survival and development. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the loss of ecological function and the loss of environmental rights and interests of local residents caused by environmental pollution and destruction. The establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for mineral resources development is essentially the inherent requirement of balancing conflicting economic interests and environmental interests, and is the basic way to realize intra-generation fairness, intergenerational fairness, natural fairness and order fairness. Ecological compensation mechanism is an institutional arrangement to adjust the interest relationship between the subjects who destroy and protect the ecological environment. Its core includes levying fees on ecological environment destroyers and beneficiaries, and making economic compensation for protectors. This is an effective incentive mechanism to protect the ecological environment. At present, China's mineral resources compensation mechanism, with mineral resources tax, mineral resources compensation fee, exploration and mining rights use fee and exploration and mining rights price as its main contents, is not formulated for the purpose of restoring, maintaining and upgrading the ecological function in the process of mineral resources development, but mainly focuses on compensating the economic value of resources and adjusting the differential income of resources, without considering the compensation of environmental value and fair value, which is still far from the real ecological compensation. Therefore, an ecological compensation mechanism based on market regulation and legal protection should be established as soon as possible. Focus on solving the compensation subject, compensation standard, how to raise compensation funds and how to compensate.

6.3.2. 1 Thoughts on the construction of ecological compensation mechanism for the development and utilization of mineral resources

Ecological compensation of mineral resources is a systematic project. According to the principles of "prevention first, combining prevention with control, comprehensive management" and "destroyer recovery, user payment and beneficiary compensation", a diversified and multi-channel ecological compensation fund investment and guarantee mechanism will be established. We will continue to strengthen the vertical compensation mode of state finance, appropriately increase ecological compensation projects in the state financial transfer payment projects, and establish a financial subsidy system to stimulate environmental protection and ecological construction. Actively explore the cross-regional compensation model of mineral resources ecology to realize the coordinated development of various regions. Further improve the market compensation model of mineral resources ecology. Actively use market-oriented operation and explore market-oriented ecological compensation methods such as emission trading, resource trading and ecological construction quota trading. Finally, a multi-level and diversified ecological compensation mode with government leading, market operation, public participation and covering government, local regions and industries was established. Clarify the responsibility, compensation standard and restoration obligation of ecological damage from the legal level. Gradually bring the ecological compensation mechanism into the legal system of mineral resources development and protection.

Principles of Ecological Compensation for Exploitation and Utilization of Mineral Resources in 6.3.2.2

(1) Destroyer pays principle. The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources have destroyed the ecological environment of the mining area to a certain extent, and mining development enterprises should bear corresponding responsibilities and obligations for its negative impact. According to the principle of equal rights and obligations, mining development enterprises pay certain compensation fees to resource exploitation areas for the improvement, restoration and governance of the local ecological environment, so as to restore it to the original ecological level as much as possible.

(2) The user pays principle. Mineral resources are formed through long-term geological processes and are scarce. Developers and users of mineral resources have the responsibility and obligation to compensate for the ecological environment damage and the loss of mineral resources value caused by their use of mineral resources. Therefore, in the development of mineral resources, the occupier of ecological resources and environment, that is, mineral resources development enterprises, should pay the resource use fee to the state according to the principle of user paying.

(3) The beneficiary pays principle. Anyone who benefits from ecological construction, including those who develop and utilize natural resources, those who discharge pollutants, consumers of resource products and those who enjoy other ecological benefits, should compensate the ecological environment value according to the principle of "whoever benefits". In this way, on the one hand, it is conducive to the formation of a long-term incentive mechanism for ecological suppliers, on the other hand, it is also conducive to the formation of a restraint mechanism for ecological beneficiaries, which will change the psychology of "hitchhiking" in public money consumption in the beneficiary areas in the past.

(4) The principle that the protector is compensated. Organizations and individuals that have made contributions to ecological protection and construction shall compensate and reward the direct cost of their investment and the opportunity cost lost due to protection. At the same time, we should adopt the incentive principle to mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses for ecological protection and make them willing to participate in ecological protection work extensively. Judging from the reality, the forbidden development zones and restricted development zones are mostly ecologically fragile areas, and a considerable number of residents living in this area are relatively poor. Therefore, in the process of promoting ecological compensation, we should pay attention to the combination of horizontal ecological compensation and poverty alleviation. Poverty and the deterioration of ecological environment are mutually causal, and improving the ecological environment must be combined with economic development and poverty alleviation.

(5) The organizational principle of government-led and market-driven. This principle requires the combination of government guidance and market regulation, giving full play to the guiding role of the government in the process of establishing an ecological compensation mechanism, combining relevant national policies and local realities, studying and improving the input mechanism of public finance for ecological protection, and at the same time studying and formulating policies and regulations to standardize and standardize market economic entities, and guiding the establishment of diversified financing channels. Through market-oriented operation, a benign ecological compensation mechanism will be gradually established and formed to promote the protection and rational development of ecological resources. Through the vertical public welfare compensation at the higher and lower levels, from the state to the local level, and the horizontal interest compensation between regions, upstream and downstream, the ecological compensation in all directions, full coverage and the whole process will be gradually realized.

(6) The principle of unity of responsibility and rights. Generally speaking, the process of ecological compensation for mineral resources is a process in which all the beneficiaries of ecological resources pay compensation to the providers of ecological resources, and the managers of ecological resources act as the coordinators of their interests. The process of ecological compensation involves the adjustment of multiple interests, so it is necessary to extensively investigate the situation of all stakeholders, rationally analyze the vertical and horizontal rights and obligations of ecological protection, scientifically evaluate the direct and indirect costs of maintaining ecosystem functions, study and formulate reasonable ecological compensation standards, procedures and supervision mechanisms, ensure the unity of responsibilities and rights of stakeholders, and clearly combine rewards and punishments to achieve the goal of * * * construction and win-win development.

Ecological Compensation Model for Exploitation and Utilization of Mineral Resources in 6.3.2.3

Ecological compensation methods of mineral resources have different classification systems according to different standards. According to compensation methods, it can be divided into economic compensation, material compensation, policy compensation and intellectual compensation. According to the spatial scale, it can be divided into ecological environment factor compensation, watershed compensation, regional compensation and international compensation. According to the compensation direction, it can be divided into longitudinal compensation and lateral compensation. According to the means of compensation, it can be divided into three types: first, financial transfer payment, for example, the state compensates the financial reduction caused by protecting the ecological environment in the western region by increasing financial transfer payment; Second, project support, such as financial support for various ecological environment protection and construction projects, alternative industries and alternative energy development projects in key ecological environment protection areas, and ecological resettlement projects; The third is to levy ecological environment compensation fees (fees) or require producers, developers and operators to pay ecological environment protection credit funds (Yao Mingkuan, 2008). Each of the above compensation modes has certain advantages, but they all focus more on the market.

According to the different implementation subjects and operating mechanisms, there are two main types of ecological compensation: government compensation and market compensation.

(1) government compensation. Government compensation refers to the compensation made by the state to the ecological environment of mining areas through non-market channels. For example, direct financial subsidies, differentiated regional policies, financial subsidies, implementation of ecological protection projects, tax reduction and exemption, preferential interest rates, etc. The government compensates for the uncertainty of the nature of public goods and environmental beneficiaries based on the ecological environment. Essentially, it belongs to administrative compensation. Government compensation takes the state as the main body of compensation and implementation, the governments and residents in resource areas as the compensation objects, and financial subsidies, policy inclinations and project implementation as compensation means to achieve the goals of national ecological security, regional coordinated development and social stability. This compensation mode is the most important form of ecological compensation for mineral resources, and it is also an easy-to-operate compensation mode at present.

(2) Market compensation. Market compensation means that market participants compensate the ecological environment through market behavior according to the ecological environment compensation standards formulated by the government and under the constraints of laws and regulations. Through the market mechanism, producers and consumers who develop and utilize the ecological environment should bear the corresponding ecological environment compensation fees, the premise of which is the reasonable pricing of ecological resources. Market compensation mainly includes: ① sewage charges. Resource development enterprises that discharge pollutants in mining areas shall pay certain fees according to the quantity and impact of pollutants discharged. ② Compensation for environmental property right transaction. By establishing a legal right to discharge pollutants, that is, the right to discharge pollutants (usually in the form of a discharge permit) and allowing this right to be bought and sold like a commodity, pollution control can be carried out. Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have made useful attempts in the trading of emission rights market, which can be used for reference. ③ Environmental protection industry. Establish specialized environmental pollution prevention and control or ecological environment management companies to meet the needs of sewage enterprises to reduce pollution control costs through market-oriented operation.

6.3.3 Industrial assistance mechanism for mineral resources development and utilization

The industrial assistance mechanism for resource development and utilization refers to the state's direct assistance to regions and industries that have declined due to resource depletion through funds and project support, fiscal and taxation support, preferential policies, and reducing the burden on enterprises, or indirect assistance through preferential policies and supporting the development of industries, so as to promote the sustainable development of resource-based regions or cities. Generally speaking, the industrial assistance mechanism of mineral resources in China is not perfect, which is mainly manifested in the scattered assistance policies, unreasonable compensation standards and lack of systematic industrial assistance compensation design. Xinjiang, as an energy base and raw material supplier mainly developing oil and gas resources, has made outstanding contributions to the national economic and social development. However, due to the lack of industrial feedback policy, industrial transfer assistance policy and ecological environment protection and management assistance policy, Xinjiang is also facing problems such as prominent industrial structure contradiction, increasing employment pressure year by year, serious shortage of follow-up industries and great ecological environment pressure, which greatly affects the coordinated development of mining industry and the quality of life of residents in mining areas. It is imperative to establish and improve the industrial assistance mechanism of mineral resources. Therefore, according to the requirements of coordinating the development of mining industry and other related industries, the development of mining industry and ecological environment, and the development of mining economy and regional economy, the assistance mechanism of mineral resources industry should be constructed to promote the coordinated development of local economy and society in Xinjiang [88].

6.3.3. 1 Basic principles of industrial assistance mechanism construction for mineral resources development

(1) The principle of combining long-term interests with short-term interests. In the process of resource development and the establishment and development of continuous industries, we should properly handle the relationship between short-term interests and long-term interests, avoid sacrificing long-term interests for the sake of current interests, and not sacrifice the interests of the next generation for the benefit of contemporary people, let alone exhaust our own resources in resource development. Dealing with the relationship between long-term interests and short-term interests will inevitably affect the sustainable development of resource-based areas. Therefore, adhering to the principle of combining long-term interests with short-term interests is the first principle that resource-based areas should adhere to in economic development.

(2) The principle of combining resource development with institutional innovation. Reasonable resource development needs a sound legal system and a sound production and operation machine. Only by strengthening the innovation of system and mechanism can we promote the linkage between economic construction and resource development and form the harmonious development of economy, society, resources and environment. The state can improve and alleviate the contradictions in resource-based areas by means of technology, capital and project assistance, but only by changing concepts and innovating systems can we enhance our independent development ability and improve our self-hematopoietic function, and truly get rid of the backward economic development in resource-based areas.

(3) The principle of combining resource endowment with industrial softening. Judging from the law of world economic development, resource endowment is not the decisive factor of regional economic development. For example, Japan, South Korea and other countries are relatively scarce in resources, but they are regions with rapid economic development. In the era of global information, with the acceleration of the pace of knowledge economy, the development concept of determining industrial layout by resource endowment is changing, and the concept of resource softening is gradually being concerned and recognized by everyone. This is a new feature of industrial reform and the future direction of national industrial policy. On the one hand, resource-based areas should pay attention to improving the efficiency and technical level of resource development and utilization, on the other hand, they should pay attention to studying the industrial softening, especially the law of industrial development in resource-poor areas abroad, and gradually get rid of the path dependence on resource endowment.

Basic contents of industrial assistance mechanism for mineral resources development in 6.3.3.2

The first is to establish a feedback mechanism for resource enterprises. For resource-based enterprises in the formative stage, we should start with improving the technical content, take the road of intensive utilization, connotation mining and expanded reproduction, and enter the peak period as soon as possible through the support and guidance of national policies. For the resource-based enterprises in their heyday, the state should withdraw the compensation fund for resource development according to a certain proportion of the realized income for the protection, governance and restoration of the ecological environment in resource-based areas, accumulate funds for the development of alternative industries and continuous industries, and support the survival and development of resource-based enterprises and the transformation of resource-based cities. For resource-based enterprises in recession, the state gives certain policy support. According to international practice, the sustainable development of declining industries can be realized by reducing the taxes of related industries and enterprises, supporting their downstream product processing enterprises, and developing alternative industries and emerging industries.

The second is to establish a supporting mechanism for continuing industries. Developing alternative industries is the fundamental way for resource-based areas to get out of the predicament of resource exhaustion. The state supports resource-based areas to develop deep processing of resources and non-resource-based industries, improve the added value of products, extend the industrial chain of superior resource products and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of resource-based cities. Through international and regional industrial transfer, realize the natural transition of resource-based city transformation. The state should give tax and credit policy support to the continuing industries developed from declining industries. In the process of transformation of resource-based cities, the state can appropriately relax the restrictions on direct utilization of foreign capital and overseas financing, and the state policy loans and financial credits can be moderately tilted towards resource-exhausted cities.

The third is to establish a mechanism for sustainable development of regional economy. Appropriately increase the state transfer payment, extract a part of the mineral resources compensation fee paid to the state and return it to the resource-exporting areas, and establish a replacement industry development fund, which is mainly used for public infrastructure construction, environmental protection and social security. By intensifying the structural adjustment of fiscal expenditure, the state has increased its investment in infrastructure construction and public welfare undertakings in resource-based cities. We will increase support for reemployment funds in areas where declining industries are concentrated, establish government reemployment security funds, expand the coverage of reemployment policies, and give financial support in public welfare post development, labor market construction, and reemployment training.

6.3.4 Financial compensation mechanism for the development and utilization of mineral resources

Many problems encountered by resource-based cities in the process of economic development are partly due to the lack of effective compensation mechanism in China. Therefore, the country needs to establish a scientific resource compensation mechanism, on the one hand, to alleviate the problems existing in resource-exhausted cities, on the other hand, to prevent emerging resource-exhausted cities from embarking on the old road of resource-exhausted cities.

6.3.4. 1 Reform resource taxes and fees, and create a new resource compensation mechanism.

A good resource compensation mechanism has an inherent stable function, which can ensure the smooth transition of resource-based cities' economy in the transitional period. At present, the compensation fee for resource development and utilization in China is mainly composed of mineral resources compensation fee, exploration and mining right use fee, exploration and mining right price and resource tax. As far as the actual situation is concerned, it is difficult for mineral resources compensation fees and exploration and mining rights use fees to play a good compensation role in resource development, and the resource tax is also difficult to meet the requirements of China's existing macro-control objectives of resources, and there are many problems that need further adjustment. In order to give full play to the inherent stability function of the resource compensation mechanism, it is still necessary to comprehensively adjust and improve the system of resource tax, mineral resource compensation fee and exploration and mining right use fee.

6.3.4.2 uses fiscal and taxation policies to guide the diversified development of industries in resource-based cities.

First, accelerate the transformation of resource-based cities through industrial restructuring. Generally, the industrial structure of resource-based cities is "secondary production", while "primary production" and "tertiary production" are relatively weak. Therefore, the adjustment of industrial structure of resource-based cities should focus on the internal structure optimization of "secondary production" and the increase of the proportion of "tertiary production". By vigorously developing oil and gas chemical industry, coal chemical industry and coal-electricity integration industry, the internal structure optimization of "secondary production" will be realized. In terms of "three industries", we will vigorously develop modern service industry, modern logistics industry, environmental protection industry and high-tech industry.

The second is to use fiscal and taxation policies to support the development of resources to continue industries. Judging from the development experience of foreign resource-based cities, the important way to realize the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities is to accelerate the development of continuous industries in resource-based cities. By giving tax and other policy support to continuing industries, increasing financial transfer to resource-based cities, improving investment environment, strengthening infrastructure construction such as road traffic and public utilities, and attracting foreign investment, the situation of single industrial structure and insufficient economic development potential of resource-based cities can be changed.

The third is to support the transformation of resource-based cities through policies. Most resource-based cities belong to cities below the prefecture level, and basically have no power to introduce policies to support urban transformation. Accelerating the transformation of resource-based cities needs the support of government policies, and the state should introduce some inclusive industrial, fiscal and land policies to provide institutional guarantee for the transformation of resource-based cities.

Fourth, use fiscal and taxation policies to promote scientific and technological progress and promote the economic development of resource-based cities. Scientific and technological progress is the driving force of economic development. Resource-based cities should use advanced science and technology to transform traditional industries, attract enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out technological innovation activities around the cultivation of emerging industries and new products, thus cultivating emerging industries and products, adjusting the industrial and product structure of resource-based cities, and promoting the transformation of resource-based cities from a single resource economy to a diversified economy.

6.3.5 Legal Mechanism of Compensation for Exploitation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

Although China has successively issued relevant laws and policies, it lacks laws, regulations and technical standards for environmental protection of mineral resources development. At present, although the Mineral Resources Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Mineral Resources Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Regulations on the Collection and Management of Mineral Resources Compensation Fees have also formulated the relevant contents of compensation for the development and utilization of mineral resources, they are not specific enough, and the standards and methods of compensation are not specified in detail, which makes it difficult to standardize in actual operation. In addition, the Law on Regional National Autonomy in People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates the channels to ensure the benefit sharing of ethnic minorities in resource development, which can be used as the basis for establishing the benefit sharing mechanism in resource development. However, due to the fact that the law only stipulates the macro aspects and fails to refine the specific measures and standards, some provisions cannot be implemented and lack operability.

In addition, the current compensation mechanism of mineral resources in China focuses on the economic value of compensation resources, without considering the environmental value and fair value of compensation. Moreover, the compensation for the economic value of mineral resources is not sufficient, which is only a small part compared with the royalties charged by developed mining countries, and it is not enough to reflect the actual value of mineral resources, especially the intergenerational compensation value of resource depletion. There are still many imperfections in the current laws on mineral resources compensation. It is necessary to formulate relevant supporting legal documents, revise and improve the legislative framework and content system of resource compensation, clarify the scope, objects, standards, methods and legal responsibilities of compensation for natural resource development and ecological environment construction, improve the compensation mechanism for mineral resources, and ensure that there are laws to follow in resource compensation. Effectively protect the interests of residents in resource areas in resource development.

6.3.6 Benefit compensation mechanism for the development and utilization of mineral resources

The purpose of establishing resource location compensation mechanism is to make up for the losses suffered by local governments and local residents due to resource development by increasing the compensation of the state to the governments and residents where the resources are located. In the process of resource development and utilization, it mainly involves the interests of the central government, local governments, resource development enterprises and local residents. However, in China's current resource benefit distribution mechanism, the interests of local governments and residents where resources are located are obviously ignored. How to coordinate the interests of all parties and realize * * * * is related to the coordinated development of regional economy and society, and also to the social harmony and stability in Xinjiang ethnic areas. The key to establishing a compensation mechanism for the benefits of resource development and utilization is to share the benefits of mineral resources development reasonably according to the characteristics of mineral resources ownership, taking property rights as a link and through the participation of all stakeholders in mineral resources development.

The first is the decomposition system of mineral resources property rights, that is, under the premise that mineral resources are owned by the state, the legal clarity of mineral resources property rights is guaranteed and the proportional relationship of various stakeholders in mineral resources property rights is straightened out. It is the core of the enjoyment mechanism of * * * to decompose the income of mineral resources according to state ownership, enterprise property rights, local property rights and natural person property rights, so that the stakeholders of the four parties can obtain their respective rights scientifically and reasonably.

The second is the benefit sharing system of mineral resources development, that is, the system of sharing the benefits of mineral resources through the development and operation of mineral resources according to the proportion of all stakeholders in mineral resources property rights. The revenue sharing system of mineral resources development can enable local governments and residents where mineral resources are located to obtain reasonable income on the basis of ensuring the income of the state and enterprises, thus fundamentally reducing conflicts, frictions and short-sighted behaviors in mineral resources development [89].

The third is the compensation system for mineral resources interests. That is, by increasing the state's compensation to the governments and residents where the resources are located, the additional costs borne by local governments and local residents due to resource development can be made up. The interest compensation system is mainly realized by perfecting the tax system and establishing the natural resource depreciation compensation system. Increase the economic compensation of the central government to local governments and residents where resources are located through tax reduction and tax refund. Through the implementation of resource depletion compensation, the establishment of resource depletion and compensation accounts, increase the accounting of resource depreciation and depletion of existing resources development and utilization enterprises, realize the asset management of resources, and avoid the loss and reduction of resources in the process of development and utilization.

The fourth is to improve the tax system, and increase the economic compensation of the central government to the governments and residents where the resources are located by increasing tax rebates and expanding the proportion of local resource compensation fees.

The fifth is to improve the supporting mechanism of trade associations. Build a number of energy-saving and efficient industrial projects, so that oil and coal resources can be transformed into other high value-added industrial products for export, and then promote the development of related industries. If possible, process resources locally, extend the industrial chain, and support the supporting development of local downstream and auxiliary industries. The division of labor and cooperation mechanism between central enterprises and local governments has misplaced the development of deep processing industries such as coal chemical industry, forming a * * * development pattern.

Sixth, in the allocation of resources, give certain preferential policies to the location of resources. Xinjiang is the main supplier of energy and mineral resources in China, and a large amount of oil, gas and coal resources should be transferred from the autonomous region to serve the country's economic construction. Local governments, especially those where resources are located, leave a very small share of resources, which affects the interests of resources. In order to solve this problem, it is suggested that the state reasonably allocate the proportion of transferred resources to local deep processing resources, give Xinjiang oil and gas a certain distribution right, and appropriately increase the local share of crude oil and natural gas as local deep processing raw materials.