A brief introduction to Simbri people

In Roman times, Simbri people lived in northern jutland. Their race is mysterious. Scholars generally think that Simbri people are Germans, but some people think that they are Celts. In the late 2nd century BC, Simbri people migrated to the Balkans, crossed the Alps, crossed Gaul, along the Spanish border, and finally entered Italy. Other Germanic and Celtic tribes joined them. The most famous Teutonic people are their neighbors in jutland and share most of their history. The Simbri Allied Forces reached the border between Rome and China, where they fought and defeated many Roman troops. Their victory in Araucio (Orange) in BC 105 was one of the greatest disasters in the history of Roman War. The Zimbabweans entered Italy in 102 BC. At that time, under the leadership of Boorix, they crossed the Alps and settled north of the Po River. The following year, they were completely defeated by Roman commanders Marius and Catullus in Wicher. Survivors of the battle were enslaved, but fragments of their tribe continued to live in eastern Gaul and their homes in jutland for centuries.

origin

Whether the two tribes are Germanic or Celtic, there are different views among classical writers.

The Simbri people appeared in Roman history in 1 13 BC. Their home is located in the west of jutland, next to their close ally Teutonic people. These lands are within the scope of Germanic tribes, which leads many scholars to think that Simbri people and Teutonic people are Germanic tribes. However, their chief's name is Celtic; Let others believe that they are Celts. One possible explanation is that the Romans at that time were not familiar with Germanic tribes, but spread their names in the form of Celts, which made them more familiar. The Simbri and Teutonic people also stayed in Celtic land for many years before meeting the Romans. They knew at least a little Celtic. Whether the two tribes are Germanic or Celtic, there are different views among classical writers. Tacitus (56- 120 AD) and Strappo (63 BC-23 AD) described them as German tribes. In contrast, Appiah (about 95- 165) clearly distinguished the Simbri people from the Germans, and together with Florus (about 74- 130), they thought they were Celts. Plutarch (AD 46- 120) said that the general view was that the Zimbrians were Germans, but he added that others thought they were Gauls living on the edge of the world, even Simbrians in Greek mythology.

emigrant

At the end of the 2nd century BC, sea level rise flooded the coastal areas of jutland. The loss of land prompted the Simblinis and Teutons to look for fairer territory elsewhere. In an age of superstition, the invasion of the ocean is likely to be regarded as a sign of the gods. The reduction of cultivated land may lead to local conflicts, which provided further impetus for their epic European migration.

Classical historians described the Simbury and Teutonic tribes as overwhelming tribes, and Plutarch claimed that they sent 300,000 soldiers. Such a figure is almost impossible, and it is more related to the reasons for Rome's failure or the amplification of its victory. In fact, their geographical origin is limited, and their population density, supplies and travel logistics are relatively scarce, indicating that the population is much smaller. In the process of growing into a Germanic-Celtic tribal alliance, there may be 150000 men, women and children in the heyday of the Simbri and Teutonic people. However, in the beginning, their number must be much less. Not all the Simbri and Teutonic people joined the migration, and some of them stayed on the Danish coast.

The Simbri and Teutonic people went south along the Elbe River, then east along the Danube River, and crossed the territory of the Germanic tribes. In Bohemia, they entered the Celtic land of the Boyi, and from there they began to attack the Balkan land of the Celtic Scots. The interaction between Simbly and Teutonic people and local tribes sometimes becomes violent. Crossing or temporary settlement will put pressure on resources, attack local people, trigger a counterattack, and may lead to a large-scale escape of tribes. However, in other cases, contacts will be more peaceful, leading to trade and even alliances. Groups of soldiers, families and clans began to join the tribal alliance. To the west, the Simbri and Teutonic people followed Draff through the pass of the Carney Alps. There, in BC 1 13, they entered the Celtic kingdom of Norikum, a close trading partner of Rome and China.

Rome defeated Gaul.

Consul Papiris Carpau was sent to resist the threat of barbarians. Simbri didn't want any trouble, so he accepted Cabo's proposal and escorted them across the Norikum border. Cabo lured them into an ambush, but the barbarians fought back savagely. If a sudden storm can't end the fighting, the Roman army will be wiped out. Calbo is regarded as the chief culprit of this disaster. He committed suicide by taking poison.

The Simbri people lack the know-how to break the walls of Gaul in the siege.

After the victory, Simbri and Teutonic wandered in the Alps and joined like-minded Celtic Ti Guglini in western Switzerland. Through the lowlands between the Jura Mountains and the Vosges Mountains, the tribal alliance entered the central Gaul. They plundered the countryside, causing a large number of rural people to flee to safe walled towns. The Simbri people lack the know-how to break the walls of Gaul in the siege. However, the latter cannot prevent hunger. Many city residents and refugees died of hunger and possible plague.

In BC 109, Simbri allied forces went to Bonisis in Galiana, but were stopped again by Roman troops, this time under the command of Consul M. junius West Lanners. The tribe sent messengers, demanding that "Martians should give them some land in the form of remuneration and use their hands and weapons for any purpose they want" (Florus, the epitome of Roman history, Volume I). Silanus told them that Rome had no land to give and needed no services. Fighting followed, and just like Cabo before him, silas was defeated. Despite their victory, the Simbri and Teutonic returned to the north and continued to plunder Gaulda for four years. During this period, Gurini people went their own way, ventured down the Rhine River, and defeated another Roman army in northwest Tolosa in BC 107. Two years later, Simbri and Teutonic reappeared on the Gaul border in Nabada.

Araucio (orange), BC 105.

BC 105, BC 10, two huge Roman armies, supported by powerful vanguard forces, waited for the Simblinis and Teutons on the right bank of the Rhone River near Orange. Marcus Aurelius Scolon's vanguard was defeated by savage attacks. Scarron was dragged by chains to the side of King Borrix of Zimbabwe. If he wanted to discover the real Roman power, Scholes dared to challenge Bovari to enter Italy until the end. In response, Simbri stabbed Scarron with a blade. Continuing down the Rhone, the Simblinis and Teutons met the main forces of Rome.

Fortunately for Simbly and Teutonic, the commanders of the Roman army were quarrelling. The noble Governor Q Severus carpio refused to obey his humble boss, the consul Gé nius Marius maximos. As a result, the two armies separated the camp. The most important thing is that Maximus failed to maintain the order of the camp and the camp became a market.

Nevertheless, the Roman army is still very strong. Boao rix sent an envoy to Maximus to negotiate land grant, but he was laughed at. However, Kaipio, who wanted to seize Maximus, launched the battle on June 6, 65438/KLOC-0. Cimbri and their allies are ready. Led by Ambrones (a tribe that has not been named so far), they defeated carpio's team. Survivors fled to Maximus's army, and their morale was on the verge of collapse. The Romans were squeezed on the banks of the Rhone River and slaughtered. As many as 80,000 people were killed or injured, not including camp followers. Rome's failure in Araucio eclipsed the more famous Battle of Canny led by Hannibal in 2 16 BC. Tribal priestesses thanked their gods for their victory and sacrificed their captives. Even Roman horses drowned in the Rhone River. The Roman weapons were smashed and their gold and silver were thrown into the river.

Despite their victory, the tribal alliance did not enter Italy. Teutonic and Ambro people continue to plunder Gaul, while Zimbabweans wander to Spain. Crossing the Pyrenees, the Simbri people were rejected by the tough Celtic Iberians. After returning to Gaul, the Simbri people reunited with Teutonic, Ann Broger and TiGurini people on Belgian soil. Some members of the migrating tribes settled in Gaul, Belgium, but most of them set off for the Roman border again. This time they made up their minds to defend their Italian territory. This will be a two-pronged attack. King Boorix will lead Cimbri people through Brenner Pass, while Teutonic Persia and Ann Brogny of Teutonic Bader will March on the Rhone Valley. As for Gurini, they returned to the Norikon Alps.

Cimbri entered Italy.

With their families, the most basic property and livestock, the Zimbabweans trudged across the Alps in the cold wind of Leng Xue. In the spring of BC 102, they entered northern Italy along the Adissei Valley. The Romans didn't object at the mountain pass, but under the trident, the road was blocked. A bridge across the river was reinforced at both ends by another Roman army, which was commanded by the Governor quintus Rutatius Catullus (about BC 149-87). The Simbri tried to dam the Roman positions.

Just like ancient giants, they tore up neighboring hills and threw them into cliffs and river fragments in the mountains of the earth. The whole tree, together with their roots, was knocked down by the river and knocked on the bridge with their blows. (Plutarch, The Life of Marius, The Life of Plutarch, XXIII)

The savage's morale was low, and most of Catullus's troops fled in fear. There are only a few brave legion soldiers left. They made a tenacious defense, which left a deep impression on the people of Simbri and made them survive. Continuing into northern Italy, Simbri found that Catullus had stopped his retreat on the Po River and took control of the south bank. Wintering in the north of the river, the Simbri people plundered the rich land and people.

Vercellae, BC 10 1.

The last battle with Rome had to wait until the summer of 10 1 year BC, when the joint forces of Gaius Marius (BC 157-86) and Catullus confronted Chimbri north of the Po River near Wisseler. A large part of the Roman army consists of new legions. After the revolutionary reform, the members of Marius's Legion are all volunteers who choose to take the army as their profession. Men in Catullus are still traditional militia; Most of them are farmers who want to return to civilian life. Marius's soldiers are well-trained, well-trained, and fight in a stronger 600-man formation, instead of a smaller wing.

Boao rix must have started to worry about Teutonic people. The Roman army may be twice as big as his own, and Brennes is counting on the help of his old tribal friends. I haven't heard of their progress on the Rhone River. In order to buy time, Boorix sent messengers to negotiate with the Roman commander. Ambassador Simbri claimed that the land belonged to their people and their Teutonic brothers. The people of Simbri didn't know that Teutonic, his Teutonic and Ann Broger were completely defeated by Marius in Aquae Sextia the year before. Marius' response to the messenger was to bring Chief Teutonic out in chains. When Boorix learned of Marius' reaction, he mounted his horse and ran to the Roman camp. Without "the trace of fear" (Florus, the epitome of Roman history, Volume I, Chapter 38), Bo iloc challenged Marius and fought for the rule of the country. Marius replied that in three days the Romans would be waiting for Simbri in the plains of Laudia.

Boiorix and his Cimbri found the Romans waiting on the dry plains. Marius commanded the left and right wings, a total of 32 thousand people. Catullus commands the center of 20,300 people. The sun rose behind the Romans, and the sunlight reflected from their helmets. The left hand of the Simbri is an infantry, and the right hand is a cavalry. Unlike the early battles, the Simbri people now have a large number of cavalry. Iron breastplates, helmets and swords are no longer rare. After winning trophies and horses from previous battles and villages, the Simbri people are better equipped than ever before. However, their health is affected because they are not used to the rich life and food they enjoy in winter. They are no longer thin and hungry wolves who landed in Italy.

The Simbury infantry marched in a huge phalanx on Marius' right wing. Simboli's cavalry then galloped forward and turned right along Catullus's route. Swapped javelins and volleys with the Romans, and the Simbri cavalry retreated hastily. The soldiers in Catullus thought they had let the barbarians escape, so they chased the savage cavalry. Catullus's center moved to the front of Marius' left and right wings, exposing his right wing to the savage infantry, who now turned right and charged. Marius sensed the danger and ordered the Roman allied forces to advance.

Thousands of people and horses on the dry plains stirred up a huge dust fog and blew it to the Simbury infantry. The northern soldiers narrowed their eyes, their eyes were covered by sunlight and dust, and their momentum was broken. The barbarian charge did not pass through Catullus's army, but merged into a chaotic melee. Legion soldiers have become accustomed to the Italian hot sun, but the Simbri people began to sweat and breathe quickly. Marius's left flank suffered the loss of the Simbri cavalry. Surprised, the Simbury cavalry retreated to the flank of their infantry. At this time, Marius's right wing may have joined the battle, so the Roman Shield wall surrounded Simbri in a shrinking pocket from all directions. Boorix was involved in a battle under his men, and they fought with the courage of doomed failure.

Some Cimbri soldiers fled to their camp, where they and their women stood firmly behind the barricade of the carriage. In order to protect themselves and their children, these women bravely resisted the Romans with weapons or bare hands. When the Romans finally defeated their hated enemies, they scalped women to ruin their looks. Fearing the cruelty and slavery of the Romans, some women killed their children before inserting blades into their hearts. Others hanged themselves after being imprisoned. Thousands of Cimbri finally entered the Roman slave market.

Remnants of the Simbri people

Their total annihilation in the plains of Laudia was the end of Simboli's invasion of Italy, not the end of Simboli's invasion, nor their last exchange of fire with Rome. Survivors of the Sinbury War, especially the younger generation, will be one of the tens of thousands of fugitive slaves, who joined Spartacus' ill-fated gladiator slave uprising, that is, the third slave war (73-7 BC1). Like Teutonic people, some Zimbabweans stayed in Gaul. The remnants of these tribes seem to be part of the kingdom of Alsace tribes of Suebi Aliovistus. When the power of Ariovistus was crushed by Julius Caesar (BC 100-44) in 58 BC, some of them, Cimbri and Teutonic, settled in Miltenberg east of the Rhine and Odenwald in Heidelberg.

Cimbri and a more powerful Teutonic faction established their own new territory in East Berg, where they were called Aduatuci. In 57 BC, during Caesar's campaign against Belgian tribes, the Adutusi people abandoned their village and gathered in a heavily guarded stronghold in the south of modern Thuin. When Caesar surrounded the fortress with earthwork and fortifications and pushed a huge siege tower to the wall, Adu Tuji surrendered first. It seems that they have given up their weapons in exchange for the survival of their town. However, this is just a trick. In order to make use of the hidden weapons inventory, they suddenly attacked the Roman camp at night. Due to heavy casualties, the Adutuki people retreated to their strongholds. The next day, the town fell under Caesar's attack and the remaining population was enslaved.

Cimbri continues to live in their Danish homeland. In AD 5, Tiberius (reigned in AD 14-37) successfully pacified the Germanic tribes through the combination of diplomacy and force, and the Simbri people presented their sacred cauldron to Tiberius as a gift of friendship. Cimbri's legacy has also been preserved in the upper Rhine. In Odenwald, Heiligenburg, next to Heidelberg, it seems that they have established a relationship with Wo? Anaza (Odin) Sect, considered by the Romans to be their mercury. This worship continued until the Roman period, because the Roman inscription "Mercury of Simbria" dedicated to Mercury Simbrianus can be traced back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries.