Video introduction of Xinjiang immigrants

Welfare and duration of the armored people in Ningguta

Since 1636, Huang taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shenyang, and since the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of his founding achievements have enjoyed the prosperity of the bustling place with him. However, as the land of Longxing in Qing Dynasty, Ningguta must be guarded and built. Therefore, the court exiled the criminals who committed serious crimes to Ningguta, and became slaves of the armored people who guarded the bitter and cold places. In fact, this is also a kind of welfare in disguise, which is used to appease and reward these soldiers who guard the bitter and cold areas such as Heilongjiang and Jilin.

Of course, this benefit cannot be indefinite.

For the country, one or two generations of these founding feats can enjoy such benefits, which shows that they have an account. With the actual development of the country, the strategy of prisoners being exiled to Ningguta will naturally change. After one or two generations of prisoners, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of Guning Baota in the past 100 years, and there is no need to exile prisoners for construction. The ethnic policy of the Qing Dynasty was greatly adjusted, and the exile system was re-established.

According to historical records, such as the Third-rate Daoli Table, the Five-Army Daoli Table, the Study on Exile in Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty, and the Introduction to Xinjiang Regulations, in A.D. 1759, Emperor Qianlong completely pacified Xinjiang, and made General Ili rule the military and political affairs of the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang until the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the northwest was always listed as the strategic focus of the Qing Dynasty, except for the rebellion and the intrusion of Agubo. At the same time, Gan Long also divided Bijie County in Southwest Guizhou, Annan County in Xingyi Prefecture, Nanning County, Zhanyi Prefecture, Lvliang Prefecture and Pingyi County in Qujing Prefecture of Yunnan Province; Pakistan, Tibet, Guangdong and Guangxi have also been set up as places to exile prisoners. In other words, before Ganlong completely pacified Xinjiang, most prisoners would be exiled to Ningguta, but later they became Gansu, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. However, Xinjiang and Gansu are still the key exile places for heavy criminals in the imperial court.

The third-rate road shows the Xinjiang part, which stipulates that Xixiting in Gansu, Dihua in Zhili and Hami in Zhili are the places where third-rate criminals should flow. At the same time, the Xinjiang part of the Five Army Daoli Table gives a detailed explanation of the exile locations and distances in nearby, near, far, extreme and smoky places.

During this period, in order to equalize the Junggar regime established by Rute Mongolia in Yili, the Qing Dynasty caused the local population to drop sharply and there was no one in a thousand miles. In order to consolidate national defense, develop Xinjiang and solve the problem of sparse population. Therefore, Qianlong formulated? Immigrants? Political strategy. The purpose is to give prisoners on death row a chance to live, solve the food problem of garrison troops, and alleviate the disadvantages of poor land and small population in the mainland. At the same time, in order to solve the problem that there are more men than women, which easily leads to riots or escapes, the court sent the wives and daughters of soldiers and other criminals who were captured after the failure of the peasant uprising, and the local official media came forward to distribute these women to the prisoners who guarded the place. During the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty, after a hundred years of reproduction, the population here soared dozens of times.

For example, is the stalk highly valued? Iron teeth, copper teeth? When Ji Xiaolan was 45 years old (AD 1768), he was exiled to Xinjiang because of his involvement in the case of transporting salt from Huaihe River to make Lu Jianzeng. At that time, Lu Jianzeng, a retired salt courier from Huaihe River, was reported to be suspected of corruption due to the deficit of salt tax in Huaihe River area for one year10.2 million silver. However, when someone was sent to Lu's house to look for dirt, there was only a small amount of treasure in his house, so he suspected that someone had tipped him off.

Soon, Li Rong, a scholar, reported to the court that he had seen Lu Jianzeng's family transfer the money elsewhere in advance, and the informant was Ji Xiaolan, a bachelor of imperial academy. The reason why we are willing to take risks is because the two families are related by marriage, that is, our eldest daughter married Lu Jianzeng's grandson Lu. Therefore, in a rage, Qianlong exiled Ji Xiaolan to Xinjiang for atonement. When Ji Xiaolan arrived in Xinjiang, he was highly valued by the local governor Wen Fu. He often asks him to revise papers or ghostwrite. When Wen Fu left, he also named names? Xiahe? Her handmaid gave Ji Xiaolan a gift. Later, the woman gave birth to a son and lived in Jimsar County.

At the same time, during the Daoguang period, on June 28th, 184 1, Lin Zexu, who destroyed opium in Humen, was moved to Sipinqing Street by the imperial court. From resending to Yili, Xinjiang, the effect is atonement. ? In addition, in 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi also placed the cousin of Emperor Guangxu, the general of the auxiliary country and the mainstream of the auxiliary country in Dihua (Urumqi) and Suilai, Xinjiang.

So from 1759 when Qianlong pacified Xinjiang to 19 12 February when the last emperor Puyi abdicated, it lasted 153 years. During this period, the prisoners were basically not exiled to Ningguta, but to Xinjiang, so when the Qing Dynasty perished after 153, the prisoners sent to Ningguta basically died of old age.