What are the reasons for mechanization and specialization of American farms?

The United States is located in the mid-latitude zone, with mild climate, abundant precipitation and humid summer, mainly temperate continental climate. There are many different types of landforms in America. The annual precipitation 500 mm line is roughly the same as the west longitude 100 degrees, and it is divided into two completely different areas. The eastern part is humid, with flat and broad terrain, deep and fertile soil and abundant water resources, which is conducive to the development of early immigrants. The west is arid, with many desert grasslands, high terrain and poor soil, which is suitable for developing irrigated agriculture and animal husbandry. The land and water transportation in America is extremely developed. The Great Lakes in the northeast and the Mississippi River running through the middle constitute a huge inland shipping system, which is connected with the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence River and connected with dense roads and railways. Because it is surrounded by the sea on three sides, it is an excellent ice-free port, which can not only enjoy the benefits of maritime traffic and fisheries, but also strengthen political, economic and cultural ties with other countries. It can also build a military port, develop the navy, defend maritime rights and interests, and be conducive to international population migration and foreign trade. America is rich in natural resources. There are a large number of coal mines in northern Appalachia and eastern Mississippi River. The western part of the Great Lakes is rich in high-quality iron ore. The northwest of the Gulf of Mexico is the main oil field, and there are many nonferrous metals in the west. Forest coverage accounts for about 1/3 of the national area, and cultivated land accounts for about 10% of the world cultivated land area. Superior natural conditions provide a strong material foundation for American economic development.

Second, collect immigrants.

Because of the superior natural conditions and convenient shipping in the United States, the flood of population migration has been triggered. Immigrants poured into the United States, mostly British, in addition to Irish, German, French, Dutch, Swedish, Jewish and other European immigrants, as well as immigrants from some countries in Black Africa, Latin America and Asia. More than 80% of immigrants in European countries are white. From 1607 to 1733, Britain first invaded the rich areas along the Atlantic coast of North America and established the 13 colony. After years of active exploration by immigrants and their descendants 100, the American economy has developed. Industry and commerce in the north are developed, shipbuilding is prosperous, and fisheries, textiles, ironmaking and wood processing industries are developing; The central part is the main grain-producing area; Plantation economy prevails in the south, with slaves as the main labor force; The development and construction of the western region has provided a broad domestic market. In the last 25 years of the19th century, a steady stream of Eurasian immigrants reached more than 1000 million. They not only provided the necessary labor force, but also brought skilled production technology, abundant "surplus capital" and advanced ideas, thus enabling the United States to achieve rapid development in a relatively short period of time. From 65438 to 0894, the industrial output value of the United States surpassed that of other capitalist countries, ranking first in the world. /kloc-in the late 20th century, American wheat continuously penetrated into the European market.

Three. Rapid territorial expansion

With the development of American capitalism, it quickly embarked on the road of external expansion. At the end of 18 and the beginning of 19, the United States used European countries against France, and neither side could take into account the favorable situation of the United States. On the one hand, it strengthened its economic strength through overseas trade, and on the other hand, it seized the land of the belligerent countries in America. 1803, the United States bought Louisiana with an area of 2 million square kilometers from France and expanded its territory to the Gulf of Mexico. 1810 ~1819. The United States seized the Florida Peninsula from Spain by sending troops first and then "buying" it at a low price. /kloc-In the 1930s of 0/9, the United States provoked a rebellion in Texas, making it a so-called "lone star * * * and country" from Mexico, and annexed it in 1845. Then, the United States launched a war of aggression against Mexico, taking away a large area of territory north of the Rio Grande in Mexico until California, that is, near the Pacific Ocean. 1846, the United States acquired Oregon from Britain. In this way, American territory extends westward from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, accounting for about half of the North American continent. 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia; 1898, the United States annexed the Hawaiian Islands in the central North Pacific Ocean. At present, there are 50 states in the United States, including the District of Columbia, where the capital is located, with a total area of 9.37 million square kilometers, equivalent to the whole of Europe, ranking fourth in the world. The vast territory makes the United States rich in various natural resources, which provides a prerequisite for industrial and agricultural production in the United States.

Fourth, the political position is favorable.

The United States is located in the middle of North America, facing Eurasia across the ocean, and its neighbors Mexico and Canada are far weaker than it, which makes it far away from the main battlefields of the two world wars, without war trauma and without worrying about the intrusion of neighboring countries. The United States also took advantage of its favorable political position. In the two world wars, on the one hand, it provided weapons and food to European belligerents, on the other hand, it dumped industrial products to backward countries instead of European powers. As a result, American industry advanced by leaps and bounds, overseas trade surged, and gold wealth ranked first in the world. After World War I, the world financial center moved from London, England to new york, USA. From 65438 to 0949, American gold reserves accounted for 73.4% of the capitalist world. Abundant capital has injected great vitality into American industrial development. In the early days after World War II, the total industrial output value of the United States accounted for 1/3 in the capitalist world and 1.948 in 1/2. At that time, the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) sustained economic development

The central plains of the United States used to be just a vast wilderness, which became a commodity grain production base after the arrival of European immigrants. Because of its vast territory and sparse population and superior natural conditions, grain production has a great competitive advantage compared with Europe. On the one hand, the United States has realized agricultural mechanization by relying on developed industries. All aspects of grain production and marketing here have developed from mechanical operation and agricultural machinery to large-scale, wide-scale, high-speed and joint operation, and some farms also use aircraft to operate. On the other hand, according to local natural conditions and market demand, the United States has realized regional production specialization, such as corn belt, wheat belt and dairy belt. Because agricultural specialization is convenient to make full use of natural conditions, use agricultural machinery on a large scale and improve agricultural production technology. As a result, the United States has become a modern agricultural power in the world, with the output of wheat, corn, soybeans and cotton ranking among the top in the world. American industrial modernization benefits from its rich resources, developed transportation, strong agriculture and huge market. In fact, in the first century of modern industrial development in the United States, industrial production mainly relied on its rich natural resources, and it was not until the end of 19 that the application of new technologies entered the stage of great development of iron and steel industry. The northeastern United States is one of the most developed industrial areas in the world. Industry is mainly distributed on the route from Boston to Washington via new york, Philadelphia, Baltimore and the south bank of the Great Lakes. The main industrial sectors are steel, machinery, automobiles, electricity and chemistry. Although the dominant position of American traditional industries in the world economy has declined, high-tech industries such as microelectronics, bioengineering and aerospace occupy absolute advantages.

VI. High-tech investment

The key reason why America has become a modern power is to attach importance to the development of high technology. In order to promote the rapid, efficient and sustainable development of agriculture, the United States has established a huge agricultural science and technology research and extension system to provide all farmers with the latest agricultural science and technology achievements free of charge. The agricultural integration of the Great Plains can not be separated from American high-tech investment. Driven by the new technological revolution, high-tech industries such as electronic industry, semiconductor industry, nuclear industry, aerospace industry, polymer synthesis industry, genetic engineering and laser industry in the United States are in the ascendant. San Francisco's "Silicon Valley" is the center of electronic industry in the United States and even the world. Every important invention here will affect the development of the electronic industry all over the world. Since the 1960s, almost all the new technologies, new equipment, new materials, new processes and new products in the world electronics industry have come from "Silicon Valley". In particular, taking space exploration as a breakthrough, the United States has successively developed various manned spacecraft, space stations and space shuttles into space, which has promoted the rapid improvement of comprehensive national strength. In order to realize the Apollo moon landing program, the United States spent 1 1 year, spent $25.5 billion, and used 20,000 enterprises, more than 200 universities, more than 80 scientific research institutions and more than 300,000 people to participate in the operation of this project. 1On July 20th, 969, the American "Apollo 1 1" spacecraft landed on the moon, which became an epoch-making great achievement in the world space history and a prominent symbol of the modern American power.

Of course, there are other reasons why the United States has quickly become a modern power, such as a benign competitive environment and a mature capital market, but superior natural conditions, unremitting exploration of immigrants, expanding territory, favorable political status, sustained economic development and the promotion of high technology are undoubtedly the main reasons.