Chu people in the history of Han dynasty

Chu people are a branch of the Chinese people who moved south, and their original base was in Xinzheng, Henan. The ancestors of Chu people first lived in the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin, and one of them gradually moved south in the whirlpool of ancient ethnic conflicts under the oppression and attack of hostile forces. Chu Ju records that the general migration route of Chu people started from Xinzheng, Henan, migrated to southwest Henan and southeast Shaanxi, and arrived at the intersection of Danshui and Xishui (Danxi Valley) in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Then continue south to the junction of hills and plains near Jingshan. Namely: Xinzheng, Henan-Tongbaishan-Danyang-Jingshan, Hubei. After moving south, it brought advanced Central Plains cultural factors to Chu, and gradually developed Chu culture on the basis of Shang and Zhou civilizations in Central Plains, especially Ji, and formed a set of culture with certain characteristics.

Chu developed strongly in Jianghan area, and the monarch sealed the bear. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Xiong Ji, the leader of Chu people, helped Ji Chang and Zhou Wenwang to fight against the business and became Zhou Wenwang's teacher. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang recognized Kuaixiong's achievements and made Xiongyi, Kuaixiong's great grandson, a viscount, which was the beginning of the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). In its heyday, the largest jurisdiction was roughly all of Hubei and Hunan, as well as parts of Chongqing, Guizhou, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Chu people frequently moved in Danxi Valley, leaving many sites and remains. The ancestor of Chu came from Zhuan Xu's Levin of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Levin is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Changyi. Ng Wui is the fifth emperor after Zhuan Xu, and he is a fire official of the Gao Xin family. He is in charge of the sky fire and the earth fire, and can melt the world. I ordered Zhu Rong (Zhu, Daye; Melt, Ming also). Its tribes are located in the south of Shangdu Chao Ge, namely Xinzheng, Henan. The famous archaeologist said in "A Brief History of Bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty": "Hua, the place name, is in Mixian County, Henan Province (now Xinzheng). Huayi is in Xinzheng, with a bear market and Zhu Rong. Heavy Lebanon, Qiang is in Xinzheng. " The reason why the king of Chu was surnamed Xiong was probably because he was blocked in Huayang near the Zhu Rong market, and the market in Zhu Rong was also called the bear market. In ancient Chinese characters, the words "Hua" and "Mi" were written very similarly.

Wu Hui's son Lu Zhong has six sons, and the youngest son Ji Lian is the ancestor of Chu. Due to the increasingly fierce struggle between tribes or tribal groups in the Central Plains, the descendants of Jilian were forced to move south in the Xia Dynasty or the early Shang Dynasty. After Ji moved south, it became vulgar again, so later Chinese people regarded it as "Chu people" and "Man Jing". Ji Lian, later Xiong Ji, was Zhou Wenwang's teacher. According to Shiben, Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames and Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames, there was a learned man named Xiong Huan who was Zhou Wenwang's teacher at the end of Shang Dynasty. His son Wang Wen died young. Great-grandson Xiong Yi took Wang Fu's name as his surname and became Xiong's. Zhou Chengwang enfeoffed the former Wang Hero and named Xiong Yi as the land of Danxi, with its capital in Danyang. Established the state of Chu. The main body of Chu people is Jilian tribe, and the descendants of Jilian tribe are the main families of Chu king and the public, among which Xiong family is the core. Some local Man Jing residents became part of the Chu people, but most of them were civilians. After the founding of Chu, there was a policy to attract large-scale investment immigrants from the Central Plains.

Chu people lived together with primitive peoples such as Pu and Miao in the middle and lower reaches of Hanshui River and the middle reaches of Yangtze River, and these peoples were gradually conquered by Chu people after the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Chapter 4 of A General History of China/Merger of Nations: In the 22nd year of Duke Zhao of Lu, King Jing of Zhou died, and a group of derelict old officials and hundreds of workers competed for the throne. After four years of war, Zichao was defeated, and led Zhao, Yin, Nangong and other old clans (naturally there were hundreds of them) to flee to Chu with all the Imperial Classics. This is the biggest migration of Eastern Zhou culture. A large number of Zhou people and Zhou Jing moved into Chu, and from then on Chu replaced the Kingdom of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and became a cultural center as famous as Song and Lu. In these three central areas, during the Warring States period, Lu founded Confucianism, Song founded Mohism and Chu's Li 'er founded Taoism. Judging from the formation process of Chu people, the nature of Chu culture is not a separate system independent of Yanhuang culture system, but closely related to Central Plains culture, with Shang and Zhou culture as the core. The inscriptions on Chu bamboo slips in the two-week period can represent the writing style of Chu State. Compared with the characters of Central Plains countries, Chu characters have different font shapes and strokes, but they are indeed the same writing system as those of Central Plains countries. Writing is the carrier of language, on the one hand, we can understand the origin of Chu culture.

Cultural identity is the core of national culture, and the inscriptions on Chu containers reflect the inheritance relationship between Chu royal culture and Central Plains culture. Customs and etiquette are also an important embodiment of national culture. Chu's ritual vessels retain the obvious cultural style of the Central Plains. In the middle and late period, the nobles of Chu generally abided by the etiquette system, indicating their recognition of Ji culture, that is, the culture of the Central Plains. The ancestors of Chu people first lived in the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin. In the early years of Shang dynasty (about 1600 BC), under the expulsion of Shang dynasty, Ji Lian, the ancestor of Chu people, led his troops to move south. After moving to the south, it brought the advanced Chinese civilization to the south, absorbed the cultures of other local nationalities on the basis of the Shang and Zhou civilizations in the Central Plains, and gradually developed the Chu culture. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Xiong Ji, the leader of Chu people, helped Ji Chang and Zhou Wenwang to fight against the merchants and became Zhou Wenwang's teacher. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang recognized Kuaixiong's achievements and made Xiongyi, Kuaixiong's great grandson, a viscount, which was the beginning of the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). The newly established Chu State is a very small country, only over 20 square kilometers.

During the period of Chu and Xiong's illness, Chu invaded the west and attacked Yang and Yue in the east. In the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu attacked foreigners in a big way, which was called "Great Enlightenment" in history. During the period of King Wen of Chu, the State of Chu destroyed Deng, Mo, dignitaries, Luo and Shen successively. After being forced to submit to the country, the country was destroyed. And sent troops north to attack Cai Guo and Zheng Guo. After that, it occupied thousands of miles of fertile soil from eastern Sichuan, Hubei, southern Henan to Anhui. After Chu became king, he was ordered by King Hui of Zhou to suppress barbarians and Vietnam and vigorously develop Jiangnan. Since the first 655 years, it has destroyed two kingdoms: the ancient country, the stranded country, Britain, Chiang Kai-shek, Daoguo, Baiguo, Qiguo and Kuiguo.

In 638 BC, King Chu Cheng was defeated in the Battle of Hong, and Chu has dominated the Central Plains since then. During the period of Chu Zhuangwang, the country was destroyed, and "Lu Xiongnu Rong" was crusaded. In 306 BC, the State of Chu destroyed Yue. In 224 BC, 600,000 Qin Jun led by Wang Jian, a famous Qin state, went south to attack Chu, and Chu was defeated. In 223 BC, the State of Chu was destroyed by the State of Qin.