Three major water transfer schemes of "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"

General layout: After the idea of "South-to-North Water Transfer" was put forward in 1950s, after decades of research, the general layout of South-to-North Water Transfer was determined as: transferring water from the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to meet the development needs of northwest and north China, namely, the west route project of South-to-North Water Transfer, the middle route project of South-to-North Water Transfer and the east route project of South-to-North Water Transfer. West Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer: Transferring water from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Yellow River is a strategic project to solve the drought and water shortage in northwest China and parts of North China. From 1952, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission organized an investigation team. Over the past 40 years, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission and relevant units have done a lot of survey and planning research. 1987, the state planning commission listed the water transfer project on the west line as an ultra-preliminary work project, and asked 1O to answer the possibility and rationality of water transfer on the west line. The Yellow River Committee and other units have done a lot of basic work in the water transfer area and its adjacent areas in the harsh environment of remoteness, cold and lack of oxygen, and have successively put forward the Preliminary Study Report on the West Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer and the Planning and Research Report on the Yalong River Water Transfer Project, which have been examined and accepted by the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources. The planning and research of water transfer projects in Tongtian River and Dadu River have also been basically completed. It is planned to submit the Comprehensive Report on the Planning and Research of the West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on 1996. There is a Bayan Kara barrier between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, and the riverbed of the Yellow River is 80 ~ 450 m higher than the corresponding riverbed of the Yangtze River. The water transfer project needs to build a high dam for backwater or pumping water, and dig a long tunnel through Bayan Kara. There are two ways of water diversion: gravity flow and water lifting. No matter which diversion method is adopted, a high dam with a height of about 200m and a long tunnel with a length exceeding 100km will be built. The preliminary study of the flow guide line is as follows: 1. Yalong River Diversion Line builds a hub near Changxu of Yalong River to divert water to the tributaries of the Yellow River by itself. The dam height of the hub is 175m, and the lines are all tunnels, with a total length of 13 1km. 2. Tongtianhe Water Diversion Line This scheme is jointly developed with Yalong River water diversion, that is, the second phase of the Yalong River water diversion project. Build a hub near Tong Jia in Tongtian River to divert water to Yalong River, and then divert water from Yalong River to the tributaries of the Yellow River. The dam is 302m high, and the lines are all tunnels with a total length of 289km, including Yalong River 158km and Yalong River to Yellow River 13 1km. 3. The Dadu River diversion line will build a hub near the Zumuzu River in the upper reaches of the Dadu River to pump water to Jiaqu, a tributary of the Yellow River. The dam is 296 meters high and the total length of the line is 30 kilometers, of which the tunnel is 28.5 kilometers long. The pumping station has a lift of 458m, and the annual electricity consumption is 7 1 100 million kW·h ... Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer: Recently, water was diverted from Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Hanjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, along the approach roads of Funiu Mountain and Taihang Mountain piedmont plain, ending in Beijing. In the future, we will consider transferring water from the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River or the main stream of the Yangtze River below to increase the amount of water transferred to the north. The middle route project has the advantages of good water quality, large coverage and self-flowing water delivery, and is a major infrastructure to solve the water crisis in North China. The preliminary research work of the mid-line project began in the early 1950s. Over the past 40 years, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission, together with relevant provinces, cities and departments, has carried out a great deal of survey, planning, design and scientific research. 1994 1 month, the Ministry of Water Resources approved the feasibility study report of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project compiled by the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission, and reported it to the State Planning Commission to suggest the construction of the project. Arrangement of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project: Water is diverted from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, basically pumped northward along the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, and supplied to the eastern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, ending in Tianjin. The Eastern Route Project was conceived in the early 1950s. 1972 After the drought in North China, the Ministry of Water and Electricity organized research. Led by the South-to-North Water Diversion Planning Office for more than 20 years, Huaihe Water Conservancy Commission, Haihe Water Conservancy Commission and Tianjin Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources have done a lot of survey, design and scientific research in cooperation with relevant provinces, cities and departments. 1976 put forward the Report on Recent Project Planning of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, submitted it to the State Council, and made a preliminary examination. 1In March, 983, the State Council approved the Feasibility Study Report of the East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project submitted by the Ministry of Water and Electricity. 1In September 1993, the Ministry of Water Resources, together with relevant provinces and cities, reviewed and approved the revised report on the planning of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the revised report on the feasibility study report of the first phase of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Fushun City. The East Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion is based on the existing South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Jiangsu Province, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal Waterway Project and the Huaihe River Regulation Project, and combined with the Huaihe River Regulation Plan, some related projects are planned and arranged. The main project of the East Line consists of three parts: water conveyance project, water storage project and power supply project. (1) Water conveyance project includes water conveyance river project, pump station hub project and yellow river crossing project. 1. The water conveyance channel has two water intakes: Sanjiangying, where the Huaihe River enters the Yangtze River estuary, and Liuwei, where the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal enters the Yangtze River estuary. The total length of the Yangtze River-Tianjin water conveyance trunk line is 1 150km, including 65 1km south of the Yellow River, 9km across the Yellow River and 490km north of the Yellow River. The total length of the trunk line is 740km, including 665km south of the Yellow River. 90% of water conveyance channels use existing channels. 2. The topography of the east line of the pumping station hub leans north and south against the Yellow River, and the water intake is more than 40 meters lower than the ground along the Yellow River. To transfer water from the Yangtze River to the south bank of the Yellow River, it is necessary to set up a 13 cascade pumping station with a total lift of 65m, which can flow to Tianjin by itself when crossing the Yellow River. South of the Yellow River, except Nansi Lake, there is a cascade between the upper and lower lakes, and there are three cascades in other reaches. There are 30 pumping stations on the main water conveyance line south of the Yellow River; Trunk line 13, branch line 17, designed pumping capacity * *10200m3/s, installed capacity1/770,000 kW, of which 7 existing pumping stations can be used, with designed pumping capacity1. The first phase of the project still has 13 steps and 23 pumping stations with an installed capacity of 453,700 kilowatts. There are 5 pumping stations at the entrances and exits of water storage depressions north of the Yellow River, with a designed pumping capacity of ***326m3/s and an installed capacity of 1.46 million kW. The east route pumping station of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has the characteristics of low lift (mostly 2 ~ 6m), large flow (single machine flow is generally 15 ~ 40m3/s) and long operation time (the pumping station south of the Yellow River is about 5,000 hours/year). Some pumping stations also have drainage tasks, which require flexible operation and high efficiency. 3. The Yellow River crossing project chooses the tunnel under the Yellow River between Dongping County and Dong 'e County in Shandong Province. Through years of geological exploration and excavation of the experimental tunnel crossing the Yellow River, the bedrock structure and karst development at the bottom of the river have been found out, and the construction problem of plugging and excavation of the tunnel at the bottom of the river has been successfully solved. The total length from Dongping Lake Sluice to the entrance of the adjacent canal in the Yellow River Crossing Project is 8.67km, of which the inverted rainbow tunnel in the Yellow River Crossing Project is 634m long and the flat tunnel is 70m deep under the Yellow River. It is two tunnels with a diameter of 9.3m, and the first phase of the project will be excavated first. (2) There are Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake, Dongping Lake and other lakes along the east line of the water storage project, which have been slightly renovated and strengthened, with a total storage capacity of 7.57 billion m3, so there is no need to build a new water storage project. The existing Beidagang Reservoir in Tianjin, located in the north of the Yellow River, can continue to be used. Tuanbowa in Tianjin and Qianqingwa in Hebei need to be expanded, and Dalangdian and Langwa in Hebei need to be built. The total regulating capacity of the five plain reservoirs north of the Yellow River is 654.38+490 million m3. (3) There are 30 pumping stations in the south of the Yellow River, with an additional installed capacity of 887,700 kilowatts, with an average annual power consumption of 3.82 billion kilowatt hours and a maximum annual power consumption of 5.75 billion kilowatt hours ... There are 23 pumping stations with an installed capacity of 343,200 kilowatts and an average annual power consumption of 65.438+0.9 billion kilowatt hours in the first phase of the project ... The main project of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project consists of two parts: water source project and water conveyance project. The water source area project is the late continuation of Danjiangkou water control project and the compensation project in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River. The water conveyance project is the main canal for water diversion from Hanjiang River and Tianjin. Water source area project 1. Danjiangkou Reservoir is a continuation project of Danjiangkou Water Control Project, which controls 60% of the Hanjiang River Basin, with an average natural runoff of 40.85 billion m3 for many years. Considering the upstream development, it is predicted that the water volume in 2020 will be 38.54 billion m3. On the basis of initial scale, Danjiangkou Water Control Project was completed as planned. The elevation of the dam crest is increased from the current 162m to 176.6m, and the designed water level is increased from 157m to 170m, with a total storage capacity of 29.05 billion m3, an increase of 1650 compared with the initial stage. When the normal water level of Danjiangkou Reservoir is 1.70m in the later period, the submerged area will increase by 370km2. According to the survey of 1.992, the main physical indicators of inundation are: population: 224,000 houses: 4,794,000 m2 of cultivated land: 235,000 mu of industrial and mining enterprises: 1.20 (township enterprises), and the original value of submerged fixed assets. 2. Compensation Project for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River In order to avoid the possible adverse impact of recent water transfer on the water consumption in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, it is necessary to build: the chemical engineering of the main canal is booming or the Nianpanshan hub, the Dongjing River diversion project, the reconstruction and expansion of some sluice stations and the addition of some waterway regulation projects.