Is the official position of our envoy big in the Tang Dynasty? Equivalent to what officer now?

Official name. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, under the old system of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, there were generals in important areas, which were renamed as generals. However, Fang Shuo is still called the general manager, and there are some managers and some campers in Bianzhou. Local military and political officials established in the Tang Dynasty. Because of the mail, the court will hold a commendation ceremony, which was a kind of full seal at that time. People who are fully authorized to print letters can be dispatched. Therefore, it is called "our time".

Volume 2 10 "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 26 contains such a story: In the first year of Jing Yun, Ding You chose Xue Ne, the secretariat of Youzhou, as the general and the secretariat of Youzhou. The name of our special envoy started from the northeast. In the second year of Jing Yun, Bayansi was appointed Governor of Liangzhou, and I was sent to Hexi. Our special envoy began to be an official.

Our era is equivalent to the current military ministers and commanders.

system

There are several very important reasons for the formation of time-saving system.

1. The collapse of the Tang system.

Since Emperor Gaozong and Wuhou, the system of equal land has been gradually destroyed. Refugees and fleeing families have become serious social problems. During Xuanzong period, there were many ways to solve these problems. First of all, reiterate the territorial equality law prohibiting immigration; The second is to check customers and listen to their whereabouts. The third is to recruit displaced customers into exile. Of these methods, the first two failed. Although the method of recruiting displaced clients as soldiers can lure "fugitives" and "compete for recruits" and temporarily solve social problems, these people gradually become mercenaries and will not die. As a result, the collapse of the land equalization system led to the evolution of Tang Jun's system from official military service to conscription.

2. The huge military expansion machine could not continue to operate, and the frontier situation in the Tang Dynasty began to change from offensive to defensive.

The beginning of the provincial envoy system was the provincial envoy established on the border during the reign of Kaiyuan Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty. This is inseparable from the frontier situation at that time. Before that, after Tang defeated East Turkistan with his own military strength, foreign military forces actually maintained vigorous expansion and attack. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Eastern Turkistan and Xue Yantuo were defeated successively, the ministries in Mobei were pacified and the viceroy was established. After that, the western Turks were defeated, Gaochang was destroyed, and state and county governance was established in this area, thus establishing the vast territory of the Tang Dynasty. However, the pace of attack has not stopped. During the Qing dynasty, the Turks and Lus in the west controlled this area. In addition, western Xinjiang and eastern Persia are divided into 16 county, 72 states and 1 10 county.

dynasty

the Tang Dynasty

The word "our time in the Tang Dynasty" appeared very early, meaning to control dispatching. In the second year of Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liang Mingming was appointed as the commander-in-chief of our army. In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty, Wei Jun attacked Shu and ordered Wei Jun to save his life. The Tang dynasty also used this phrase very early to clarify the command. For example, when Li Shimin was the King of Qin, he was appointed as the head of Dongdao Auditorium in Shaanxi Province, and was also appointed as the head of pucheng county and Dongtaohe County in Hebei Province, but he was never appointed as a title. Tusi in Tang Dynasty originated from Tusi who held festivals since Wei and Jin Dynasties. The commander-in-chief of the festival is the commander-in-chief of the troops and the commander-in-chief of the military region stationed there. He controls all the generals and officers in the country, and even has the power to kill people. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, most county decrees blessed our time. Their jurisdiction is narrow and their powers and responsibilities are light. Zhou Sui was renamed the Governor. Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di, Yang Di and Emperor Yangdi.

Garrison is a conventional defensive stronghold, which is relatively scattered and weak. Therefore, in any war, the government should send government soldiers and conscripts, and send a general to direct the war or prepare for defense. These generals are called marching captains. In large-scale campaigns, marshals or marshals are also set up to command marshals. As early as the early Tang dynasty, troops were stationed in key military regions to recruit soldiers, and soldiers were sent to guard them in turn every year. During the period of Tang Gaozong and Wuhou, there were frequent wars between the Tang Dynasty and Turks, Tubo and Qidan. Commanders of troops, towns and garrisons have been dispatched, and organizations that commandeer them still exist. At the same time, the marching general gradually evolved into the military chief of the military region, commanding the army, towns and guards. Originally, Cong Shan Road, Jiaohe Road, Kunshan Road and other "roads" with the meaning of "marching" have also evolved into roads of major military regions such as Shuofang Road and Longyou Road. Therefore, a long-term resident special envoy came into being. After the emperor, the general manager of the army or the general envoy sent by the central government often received orders to manage the army, thus gradually becoming the title of general envoy, but this is not a fixed title. In April of the second year of Rui Zongjingyun, Ba Yansi was appointed Governor of Liangzhou as my ambassador to Hexi, giving me a fixed title. To Xuanzong Kaiyuan and Tianbao, Pinglu gradually formed in the north. John Yang, Hedong, Shuofang, Longyou, Hexi, Anxi, Beitingyi and Xiba Road, plus Bonan and Lingnan, are all fixed military regions, each with its own state, army, town, city and health. Our emissary is the name of his post. For example, the governor, the commander-in-chief of the army or the commander-in-chief of the army are all their own officers. At that time, he was ordered to kill him with a military salute. What I do is to set up festivals. There are six marks on the house and the tree, which are very dignified. The MOFTEC also manages the military expenditure of the MOFTEC and the battalions of the Tuntian Field Army. After Tianbao's death, he also served as a state and county recruitment supervisor, integrating military and political affairs, civil affairs and finance. Therefore, the outside is more important than the inside. At the end of Tianbao, there was a rebellion of peace and history. In order to quell the rebellion, Tang Ting first set up an understanding treasure on the mainland and expanded it to more than 20 channels. He also set up a national defense envoy in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The national defense envoy didn't give good comments. He used the interview as a guide. Since then, the interview envoy has been renamed as the observation envoy and has become a local military and political official slightly lower than our time.

Our emissary assistants include lieutenants, commanders, line officers, judges and pushers, and our distribution schools include guards, Hou Yu, officers and officers. Because the observer was renamed by the messenger, it was also used as an example of the observer in the late Tang Dynasty. The junior officers of our emissaries are all set by our emissaries and then reported to the court for approval. Although county decrees are appointed by the central government, they are actually subordinate to Jie Zhen. In the case of the governor's office, Jie Zhen often sends his assistant to take over this position and then reports it to the court for approval. Local fiscal revenue is divided into three parts, namely, supplementary part, dispatching part and left-behind part, in which the dispatching part often accounts for the largest share. After the rebellion, according to the historian Zhang Guogang's research on the major military regions in the Tang Dynasty, in the second half of the Tang Dynasty, most military regions were not divided into separatist regimes, and only a few were divided into separatist regimes, such as how to master them. But to some extent, it also implemented the policies and decrees of the Tang Dynasty. "Military affairs must be resolved through the authority of court officials", and the independent military region was dissolved. Until the Huang Chao Rebellion at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty lost control of most buffer zones, and a universal separatist regime emerged. Our troops are numerous, and they support their own troops and integrate with each other. Among them, five generations claimed to be emperors after the Tang Dynasty. On the other side of the separatist regime, 10 countries have changed their countries into RMB, and there are autobiographical descendants. And our envoys of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are defiant and domineering. Our emissaries are more arrogant and mutinous than before.

Song dynasty

In the early Song Dynasty, according to the old rules of the Five Dynasties, our emissary was in charge of one or more state capitals, called counties, in addition to his own state capitals. The military, political and financial power within the jurisdiction has been monopolized by our emissaries, and it is actually a semi-independent small kingdom.

Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizong and Zhao Yang adopted various policies to weaken the military, political and financial power of our emissaries in order to strengthen centralization. For three years in Gander, except for the daily military expenditure, all local taxes were turned over to the central government, depriving our emissary of the financial power to handle local taxes without authorization. In the same year, the state capitals were ordered to send elite troops to the central government to weaken local military strength. After Song Taizu pacified Hunan, he ordered the state capitals of Hunan to be under the jurisdiction of the central government and no longer belonged to our military envoys. The imperial decree of rejuvenating the country in the second year of Taizong Taiping put all counties under the jurisdiction of the central government. Our emissary was appointed as a famous courtier and magistrate by the government of Song Dynasty, the capital of a country. Since then, our emissaries generally do not go to the state capital to manage government affairs, but are awarded honorary titles such as imperial clan, consort, ethnic minority leader, civil and military minister, etc. They are the "acme" of military commanders' promotion. Most of them can generously take away two or three of our messengers. But it is particularly glorious that our special envoy was awarded the title of head of the secretariat, such as the head of the secretariat, or the prime minister was removed from office and was awarded the title of our special envoy. Liao and Jin set up envoys in major States or States to take charge of military and political affairs. In addition, Lu Ye Longyuan, the sacred religion of Liao State, will be replaced by our emissary with the leaders of 565,438+0 Khitans and Germans in Beijing and central Beijing. Jin also set up envoys and beggars' gangs in various places to manage tribal affairs. The Yuan Dynasty abolished it.