When was the largest internal migration in Chinese history?

Best answer - selected by voters at 2007-06-22 21:22:08 In the long history of more than 2,000 years, population migration of varying scales has never stopped.

There are many reasons for population mobility, such as forced immigration organized by ***, officials taking their families to travel and settle down, spontaneous migration caused by natural and man-made disasters, etc. The last one is more common. .

In history, every major political change in the Central Plains will cause a large-scale population migration to the south. The three largest waves of migration occurred respectively in the Eight Kings Rebellion of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Yongjia Rebellion, and the Yongjia Rebellion. The late Tang Dynasty, the wars of the Five Dynasties, and the Jingkang Incident in the Northern Song Dynasty were great turbulent periods.

After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu Sima Yan named all the children of the Sima family kings and shared taxes. Some kings with the same surname even commanded the central army.

Emperor Hui of Jin who succeeded Emperor Wu was a prostitute. The queen and the empress dowager started a struggle for power, which caused a 16-year (AD 291-306) eight princes and kings (King Runan Liang, Chu Wang Wei, Zhao Wang Lun, Qi Wang, Changsha Wang Yi, Hejian Wang, Donghai Wang Yue and Chengdu Wang Ying) fought for the throne, fighting against each other and killing each other, which was called the "Eight Kings Rebellion".

This gave the ethnic minorities an opportunity to invade the Central Plains. In the fifth year of Emperor Huai's Yongjia reign (AD 311), the Xiongnu captured Luoyang, kidnapped Emperor Huai, and sent troops Burning and looting, killing more than 30,000 princes, officials and people, the Jin Dynasty moved south, and the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed. It was known as the "Yongjia Rebellion" in history.

Under the double oppression of class and nationality, the people of the Central Plains crossed the Huaihe River and headed south one after another. This was the first large-scale population migration in Chinese history.

With the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south, the population from the north migrated to the south on a larger scale.

By the early years of the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, the population of Nandu had reached nearly 300,000 households, reaching more than 900,000, accounting for 1/6 of the total population of the south at that time.

A large number of refugees poured into the Bashu area, and the indigenous residents of Bashu fled to the Jing and Xiang areas in large numbers. "There were more than 100,000 households in Jingzhou at that time," which injected new vitality into the south and promoted Jiangnan's " The transformation from the extensive agricultural production method of "fire farming and water plowing" to the intensive agricultural production method has increased food production and land utilization.

The second wave of southward migration of the Central Plains population occurred after the An-Shi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were a prosperous period for my country's feudal society. However, in the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan, who was the Jiedushi of the three towns, and his accomplice Shi Siming launched a rebellion, and the Yellow River Basin was once again under attack. Seriously destroyed, ethnic minorities traveled to the Central Plains and took advantage of the emptiness of the Tang Dynasty's borders to move in large numbers; during the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, ethnic minorities competed with local separatist forces for power and profit. The people's lives were devastated and their homes were destroyed. They had to leave their hometowns and move to a relatively stable place far away from the political center. Looking for a safe place to live in the South.

This is another period of large-scale population migration to the south in the history of our country. According to the estimation of Chinese geographer Professor Hu Huanyong, the second great population migration in China caused by the Anshi Rebellion has fundamentally changed China’s population. The land distribution pattern caused the population of the south to exceed that of the north for the first time, and the center of China's population geographical division moved from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin for the first time.

The Jingkang Revolution in the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127 and the Song Dynasty's migration to the south led to the third southward migration of China's population***.

The policy of emphasizing culture over military affairs in the Northern Song Dynasty has always lurked the crisis of "poverty and weakness" in society. Ethnic minority regimes such as Liao, Xia, and Jin are eyeing the Central Plains.

In the second year of Qinzong Jingkang (1127), under the strong attack of the Jin army, the Hui and Qin sects were captured, and the Northern Song Dynasty fell. This was the "Jingkang Incident".

Kang Wang Zhaogou fled to Lin'an (now Hangzhou) and proclaimed his accession to the throne, establishing the Southern Song Dynasty.

The people in the vast occupied areas in the north could not bear the rule and national oppression of the Jin Dynasty nobles, and were forced to migrate as a whole. The relatively stable social environment and large amounts of uncultivated arable land in the south attracted people from all over the country who longed to live and work in peace and contentment. People, a large number of royal families, officials, scholars and civilians flocked to Jinghu, Liangzhe and other places in the south and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty.

“The scholars and people of the Central Plains supported and supported the southern crossing, numbering in the tens of millions”, so that “after Jianyan (1127-1130), Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Xianghu, Fujian and Guangxi were filled with people living in the north.”

By this time, with the migration of a large number of labor forces and advanced reclamation technology from the north, most of the original "wild lands" had become "land of plenty", with the north and south integrating with each other in terms of customs and habits, and economically The situation that the south is stronger than the north is completely established.

In general, these three population migrations to the south were all caused by wars; the number of people who migrated was large, and they ranged from a wide range of classes, from royal nobles to monks, nuns, and farmers; they were scattered in Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, and even Hainan. land.

The Yellow River Basin is China's economic, political and cultural center, and it has therefore become a focus of competition for political careerists.

For most people in each wave of southward migration, although they miss their homeland, once they enjoy the superior natural conditions and relatively relaxed political environment in the south, they will settle down to start a business and multiply in the south. It has promoted the development and economic development of the south, strengthened national integration and unity, and derived the tasteful and dynamic Jiangnan culture; even the latest research results show that the integration of the northern and southern populations has also improved the genetics of the Chinese people. China has long become the most populous country in the world.

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