What are the necessary physical examination items for cancer screening?

The 10 most common malignant tumors in my country are lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, brain cancer and pancreatic cancer. Cancer prevention screening is different from ordinary routine examinations. The instruments or examination methods usually used are much more complicated. Cancer prevention is not as expensive as it is expensive, because if you do too much, it will have a certain impact on the body, so We only need to focus on a few key points and conduct examinations based on different age groups and different high-risk factors. There is no need to do unnecessary examinations.

When does lung cancer need to be checked?

For lung cancer, it is recommended that people between the ages of 50 and 75 should have a targeted examination every year. If you have a long history of smoking, you should have an examination as early as possible (of course, it is best if you can quit smoking) ); the following groups are at high risk for lung cancer and should pay more attention to:

1. Smoking age is not less than 20 pack-years; former smoker, but quit smoking less than 15 years ago;

2. Passive smoking (second-hand smoke);

3. Exposed to asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon and other chemical substances at work;

4. Have a history of malignant tumors or family members with lung cancer History;

5. Have a history of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.

When does gastric cancer need to be checked?

For gastric cancer, if you are over 40 years old, you should undergo a gastroscopy every 1-2 years. The following groups are at high risk of gastric cancer and should pay more attention to:

1. Previous gastric cancer or benign gastric disease History of gastric surgery or trauma (remnant stomach);

2. Helicobacter pylori infection;

3. Previous cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyps and other gastric cancers lesions;

4. First-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients (parents, first-degree siblings of children);

5. Living in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer (northwestern region, southeastern coastal areas, etc.);< /p>

6. There are other risk factors for gastric cancer (high salt, pickled food, smoking, heavy drinking, etc.).

It is recommended that high-risk groups undergo a gastroscopy as soon as possible. If there are no high-risk factors, it is also recommended that those aged 45 to 50 years old undergo a gastric cancer prevention examination.

When does colorectal cancer need to be checked?

Those aged 45 to 75 should be checked. Those who are older should be checked again based on whether they have symptoms. If there are high-risk factors, colonoscopy should be performed every 3-5 years. If there are no high-risk factors, it is recommended to perform colonoscopy every 5 years for those over 50 years old. The following groups are at high risk for colorectal cancer and should pay more attention to them:

1. Have a history of adenomatous polyps; have received colorectal cancer resection;

2. Immediate family members Diagnosed with colorectal cancer/adenomatous polyps;

3. Especially those with a younger age of onset (<50 years old);

4. Have inflammatory bowel disease and a long medical history ;

5. A history of abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy for cancer.

The most effective method for colorectal cancer screening is colonoscopy. However, many people are psychologically resistant to colonoscopy and easily miss the good opportunity of early detection of cancer.

When does liver cancer need to be checked?

For liver cancer, it is recommended that high-risk groups over 40 years old should be checked every 6 months. The following are high-risk factors:

1. Hepatitis B (HBV)/Hepatitis C (HCV);

2. Viral infection;

3. Long-term Alcoholism;

4. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis;

5. Eating food contaminated with aflatoxin;

6. Liver cirrhosis caused by various reasons;

7. Family history of liver cancer.

When does breast cancer need to be checked?

People aged 40 to 45 or high-risk groups should have an examination at least once a year. The corresponding high-risk groups include:

1. Those with obvious genetic predisposition to breast cancer, such as close relatives At least 2 of them have breast cancer;

2. Have had "breast ductal or lobular atypical hyperplasia" or "lobular carcinoma in situ" in the past;

3. Have had breast surgery in the past Radiotherapy.

Generally speaking, women should have regular check-ups starting at the age of 40. If they are in a high-risk group, they should be vigilant at the age of 20 and get checked as early as possible.

When does esophageal cancer need to be checked?

40~69 years old, once every 1-3 years. If you have a long-term smoking history (>15 years), you should check once a year. The following groups are high-risk groups:

1. Areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer;

2. Those with upper gastrointestinal symptoms;

3. Those with a family history of esophageal cancer;

4. Suffering from precancerous diseases or lesions of the esophagus;

5. High-risk factors for esophageal cancer (smoking, heavy drinking, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or respiratory tract, etc.).

The earlier esophageal cancer is detected, the better the treatment effect will be. The 5-year survival rate after surgical resection of early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma reaches 85% to 90%, while that of late-stage patients is only 6% to 20%.

If you are not over 40 years old, but belong to the above high-risk groups Yes, you should pay more attention.

When does thyroid cancer need to be checked?

Those who belong to the following high-risk groups should be checked for thyroid cancer every year:

1. History of childhood head and neck radiation exposure or radioactive dust exposure;

2 , First-degree relatives (such as parents, siblings) have had thyroid cancer;

3. The intake of iodine is too low or too high (normal urinary iodine content is 100~200 micrograms/liter) ;

4. Suffering from certain genetic diseases related to thyroid cancer.

According to data from the National Cancer Registration Center, the number of thyroid cancer patients in my country continues to grow at a rate of 20% every year. Although thyroid cancer is not as high-incidence as lung cancer and gastric cancer, it is still a malignant tumor. About 1%-2% of anaplastic cancers metastasize very early. If you have one of the above high-risk conditions , and also do relevant inspections.

When does cervical cancer need to be checked?

If you are 21 to 29 years old, it is recommended to do TCT every 3 years, and if you are over 30 years old, you should do TCT+HPV DNA testing every 5 years. The following groups are high-risk groups:

1. People who start sexual life too early;

2. People with multiple pregnancies and premature births;

3. People with multiple sexual orientations People whose partners or spouses have multiple sexual partners;

4. Have ever suffered from genital HPV virus, herpes simplex virus, HIV and other infections;

5. Smoking, drug abuse or nutritional deficiencies Bad people.

For a long time, China has been the "number one country for cervical cancer in the world". Of the more than 500,000 new cases in the world every year, about 1/5 comes from China. Although the cause of cervical cancer is relatively clear, some The patient can be cured, but one of the important reasons is that cervical cancer screening in my country is "late and late". There are now some vaccines that can prevent it, but the most important thing is to stay clean and take care of yourself. You can further reduce the risk by not messing around.

When do brain tumors need to be checked?

Brain tumors are generally not screened. Its examination methods include CT, MRI and lumbar puncture. Generally, there are increased intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, etc.), dizziness, tinnitus, etc. caused by mass effect. You can go to the hospital for treatment when you have symptoms. Most brain tumors currently have no clear tumor-causing factors. For the prevention of brain tumors, it is necessary to maintain a good daily routine, healthy eating habits and mentality.

When does pancreatic cancer need to be checked?

It is recommended that high-risk groups over the age of 50 should have an examination every year. The following are high-risk groups:

1. Family history of pancreatic cancer;

2. Diabetic patients ;

3. Hereditary pancreatitis;

4. Pigmented polyposis syndrome;

5. Cystic fibrosis, etc.

After reading the top ten cancer prevention screening projects for high-risk tumors, you must also understand why regular physical examinations cannot detect tumors. It requires precision instruments for further examination. Cancer screening is not a diagnosis, but it can help you find the "clues" of cancer more accurately. Cancer means early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early recovery have a greater chance.

Compared with the countries where Chinese people go to see a doctor, most people choose Japan. Japan’s medical level is very advanced and the medical expenses are relatively low. It is more suitable for most patients to go to for diagnosis and treatment. The distance is relatively close and it is convenient to travel back and forth. , it’s also convenient for review and so on. In order to avoid unnecessary trouble, many patients and their families often contact Japanese hospital doctors through Domu Health first, and then go to Japan for diagnosis and treatment when everything is ready.