Reading Can Humans Move to Mars?

The atmosphere of Mars is thinner than that of the Earth, of which 95% is carbon dioxide, 3% is nitrogen and 2% is argon. The equatorial surface temperature of Mars is-1 13℃ at night and 7℃ at most during the day. The average annual temperature of Mars is about-58 degrees Celsius. Oxygen-free atmosphere, freezing temperature and dry surface are three major obstacles for human beings to move to Mars.

So, how about using human wisdom and technology to transform Mars into another earth? This idea sounds incredible, but it is actually achievable. Moreover, with the technology of 2 1 century, the environment of Mars can be completely transformed within several decades. In the idea of Mars changing into the earth, the most important thing is actually the first step, which is not difficult to realize: the temperature should be raised a little.

At present, the earth is facing a serious environmental problem-global warming. Scientific research shows that this is caused by the increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The present environment of Mars is just the opposite of that of the Earth. It seems that our earth is going to cool down, and Mars Chaha needs to warm up. Why not let Mars suffer from global warming? 、

There are many greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars. In fact, it once had a warm and humid climate, which can be judged from the traces of river scouring on its surface. Until now, the atmosphere of Mars still contains a lot of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Now Mars is cold because of its water cycle. Many carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed by water and combined with the surface material of Mars. It is fixed in the form of sedimentary rocks or ice. The early atmosphere of Mars was not dense, and the carbon dioxide was fixed and thinner, so the warm climate of Mars ended. Fortunately, the carbon dioxide lost from the Martian atmosphere did not leave Mars, but was buried in the soil of Mars. As evidence, the permafrost in the Antarctic of Mars seems to be composed of ice and dry ice, and thousands of ice is solid carbon dioxide.

In order to let solid carbon dioxide re-enter the atmosphere, it is enough to raise the temperature on the surface of Mars a little. As long as the temperature on Mars rises, a large amount of fixed carbon dioxide will return to the Martian atmosphere. Once the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars increases, the greenhouse effect will begin to show its intensity, and the warming process will continue. More carbon dioxide will change from solid to gas. This is the principle of positive feedback between the temperature on Mars and the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. It is conceivable that if this positive feedback can be triggered, the long-standing cold on Mars will be reversed in one fell swoop. How does the new weapon that "shelled" Mars start the first shot of Mars transformation and make the temperature of Mars rise a little? The most direct idea is to improve the absorption of solar energy on the surface of Mars, such as sprinkling some black carbon powder on the frozen areas at the poles to enhance the absorption of solar energy on Mars.

The ever-changing nanotechnology has given us a better solution. Some scientists imagine that the continuous development of nanotechnology will enable us to master the method of manufacturing nano-robots These invisible robots can be mass-produced, programmed in a unified way, and then scattered on the permafrost of Mars like dust, so that human beings can command hundreds of millions of nano-troops on the earth and directly decompose the substances in soil and ice. Let carbon dioxide, water and oxygen escape from it. If technology permits, nano-robots can use local materials to replicate themselves on Mars, expand the team, and the transformation speed will be faster. When the atmosphere of Mars is transformed, humans will issue instructions to make all these nano-robots jump ship and decompose on the spot.

Even if nanotechnology can't reach such a wonderful level for the time being, we can still build a huge orbital reflector with high reflectivity to reflect more sunlight to the surface of Mars. This scheme is not technically difficult, and it can be realized by using the current principle of making solar sails. In order to achieve the positive feedback effect of starting temperature rise, perhaps we need a super-large reflector with a radius of 100 km to reflect sunlight to the Antarctic ice sheet of Mars. When the ice melts, carbon dioxide is also released. If the big mirror is made of solar sail material, the total mass of the mirror will reach 200,000 tons. It is too expensive to transport such materials from the earth. We can consider taking local materials from stars near Mars, such as its moons, and making them locally. The resources needed to start the space factory can be obtained from Mars satellites, and the energy needed can be considered to build nuclear power plants. Solar sail technology can respond to solar pressure, so we can adjust it appropriately.

Now, human beings have synthesized a "super greenhouse gas" that is 10,000 times stronger than the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide, which is perfluoropropane (C2F2). The soil on the surface of Mars contains carbon and fluorine, so it is very convenient to synthesize perfluoropropane artificially on Mars. Therefore, to transform Mars, we don't have to stare at carbon dioxide all the time, we just need to build some "greenhouse gas" synthesis plants on Mars. Mars can be completely transformed. Through computer simulation experiments, scientists found that when the concentration of perfluoropropane in the atmosphere of Mars reaches three parts per million, it can trigger an unstoppable chain greenhouse effect, keep the temperature of Mars rising, and finally make Mars a warm and humid world with a climate like spring and melting ice and snow hundreds of years later. Of course, this powerful weapon must be used with caution, because people can't judge how much perfluoropropane should be discharged into the atmosphere of Mars until they have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Mars. If you put too much, it may make Mars have a high fever and become a "fire" star. If it is difficult to get close, human beings will be self-defeating A resurgent Mars

The technological level of 2 1 century can completely change Mars. The new Mars is actually more like the early Mars, warm and humid, with rivers and oceans, but unfortunately there is still no oxygen. Working and living on the new Mars, humans may still need breathing equipment. The good news is that we don't need to wear pressure suits. We can increase the concentration of carbon dioxide and increase the atmospheric pressure of Mars in various ways mentioned above. Let it reach the level that we humans feel comfortable. With the increase of atmospheric pressure on Mars, humans can begin to build on the surface of Mars. Once the temperature in many areas on Mars is always above 0℃, we can transplant many earth plants to Mars. Species in cold regions such as pine, fir, birch, oak and cherry trees should like the modified Mars environment. The prosperity and expansion of plants will produce a lot of oxygen, and then create animals on the earth.

There is no doubt that as long as the first step of transforming Mars is realized, everything will come naturally and we will get a new earth.