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April 20 12 is the centenary of the sinking of the Titanic. As early as the early 20th century, Titanic, the world's largest luxury passenger ship at that time, was built by British White Star Shipping Company at a cost of 75 million pounds. It was once called "unsinkable ship" and "dream ship". Some people even said, "Even if God comes in person, it is impossible to sink this ship. However, on her maiden voyage, the great ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean because it hit an iceberg. For a hundred years, the cause of the sinking of Titanic has been a controversial topic. Edit abstract

Edit information module Chinese name: Titanic shipwreck mystery category: plot action history

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1 background 2 sinking process 3 creating a sinking accident and defrauding insurance money.

3. 1 Six abnormal events prove fraud.

3.2 Titanic Association claims that conspiracy theories are untrue.

Other versions of the causes of shipwreck

4. 1 The tragedy of cutting corners?

4.2 Is the captain drunk?

4.3 Phantom makes iceberg "invisible"?

4.4 It's all the moon's fault?

4.5 Sinked by a "ghost ship"?

4.6 cursed by the mummy?

The Mystery of Titanic's Sinking-Background The Titanic was designed by British White Star Shipping Company and built at Harlan and Wolf Shipyards in Belfast, Ireland. It is the second giant luxury passenger ship of Olympic class cruise ship, and is known as the "miracle in the world industrial history". On April 19 14, 2002, it carried 1324 passengers and 89. Titanic was called "the largest unsinkable ship in the world" at that time. [1] The mystery of the Titanic shipwreck-the sinking process Titanic data picture Titanic set off from Southampton, England, on April 19 12, heading for new york, USA. The captain's name is edward smith. He left Southampton Port at noon on April 12, and planned to cross the North Atlantic and go straight to new york. Just before sailing, another conventional ship, the New York, was moving in the water because of its huge size, which caused the attraction of a large amount of backfill water to almost hit her hull, which was delayed for an hour. After the departure, the Titanic crossed the English Channel and stopped at Cherbourg, France, to accept more passengers, and then stopped at Queenstown, Ireland. Finally, it arrived in new york with 65,438+0,324 passengers and 8,965,438+0 deck staff.

On the evening of Sunday, April 19 14, 2002, Titanic sailed at a speed of 22 knots. Captain Smith ordered the lookout to observe carefully after receiving ice reports from many ships nearby. Although gold-plated stair handrails and Indian hand-woven carpets were customized for the first class, White Star Company did not equip the lookout with binoculars. 1 1: 40, the lookout Frederic fleet (who survived later) found a shadow "the size of two tables" in the distance, which grew rapidly. He knocked the alarm bell on the bridge three times and grabbed the phone: "There is an iceberg directly ahead!" " ".Six Moody officials who answered the phone informed the first mate Murdoch next to them. Murdoch ordered to slow down, left full rudder, stop the ship and reverse the car. It turns out that this is the stupidest decision. At that time, the best choice was to speed up, leave enough rudder and take some risks; Or slow down and hit an iceberg with a solid bow.

Titanic collided with an iceberg. The iceberg hit the hull, causing the rivet of the hull to be damaged. At first, considering that the material of rivet is brittle, slag was added in the process of rivet manufacturing, but the slag was too dense, which made the rivet brittle when it could not bear the impact. After the nail broke, seawater flooded into the watertight compartment, but at that time, the maximum bearing limit of the Titanic watertight compartment was 4, and the intake part was 5, which exceeded the bearing limit.

At that time, some passengers and crew on board thought that they had encountered a big wave, some thought that they had hit the rocks, and some thought that the propeller had failed. But the passengers in the cabin below felt much stronger vibration. Some passengers saw milky white icebergs passing by outside the porthole. Some scraped ice fell into the cabin. The immigrant passengers on the first deck found that the sea water was overflowing the hatch. The ship stopped soon. After checking all watertight compartments, chief designer Andrews told Captain Smith that the ship was hopeless.

At 0: 05 am on April 15, Captain Smith ordered the lifeboat to be released. At 0 o'clock 15, Titanic sent out the distress signal of "CQDMGY". CQD was the universal distress signal at that time, and MGY was the radio calling code of Titanic. Soon after, the SOS distress signal newly determined by the International Maritime Association was issued. Many ships in the Atlantic Ocean have received distress telegrams. The Temple Mount of Canadian Pacific Company, Carpathian of Canard Company, Myanmar, Frankfurt and Virginia of Russian cargo ships are all accelerating to the accident site. The exception is that the operator of the tramp liner "California" just outside 18 nautical miles turned off the telegram and fell asleep.

At 0045 hours, the first lifeboat was lowered. The ship launched its first rocket in distress. A shining white spark slowly falls. At 0: 55, the bow of the Titanic was submerged. The work by the lifeboat is a mess. Although the virtues of women and children (women and children in first class and second class) boarding lifeboats first have been observed, many lifeboats are lowered in mid-air. However, this can't blame the crew. At that time, the maritime community believed that if the lifeboat was full of people, it would cause damage and even capsize. Titanic's lifeboat was well designed, but the crew didn't know it. Results 1 178 people can be carried in the lifeboat, and only 65 1 people got on it (someone jumped into the sea and was rescued from the lifeboat). 1: 40, the last folding lifeboat was put into the sea.

65438+ At 0: 35 in the morning, seawater was immersed in the boiler room. 10: 02, Phillips, who has been sticking to his post, sent the last distress telegram. At 2 o'clock, 13, 29 large boilers on board left the base one after another, broke a big hole in the bow and fell into the sea. At 2: 00 17, seawater flooded into the central power control room, causing a short circuit and the lights of the whole ship went out. 18 at 2: 00 am, with a loud noise, the Titanic hull broke into two parts from the third and fourth chimneys. At 2: 20, the bow part sank into the sea, and the second half hit the sea. In less than a minute, it sank into the water with the first half of the Titanic.

At 3: 30, Canard's passenger ship Carpathia first arrived at the scene of the accident. At 4 o'clock, the crew of Carpathia found the first lifeboat in the twilight of the North Atlantic. The rescue work continued until 8: 30 in the morning, and the lifeboat 12 tied the rescue cable. Of the 2208 crew and passengers on the Titanic, only 705 survived. The captain and priest of the Carpathia hosted a mourning ceremony in the dining room. At 8: 50, turn around and return to new york.

On April 18, the Karpas arrived at new york Port. Thousands of people watched them pass the Statue of Liberty on the Waterray coast of Manhattan Island. At Pier 54, about 30,000 people stood in the rain, silently welcoming the survivors of the Titanic. The news of the sinking of the Titanic shocked the whole western world, and flags were flown at half-mast in many places on both sides of the Atlantic. King George V of England and President Taft of the United States exchanged messages of condolence. Kaiser Wilhelm II also sent a message of condolence. [2] The Mystery of Titanic's Shipwreck-The Olympic similar to Titanic In 2004, British researchers Robin Gardino and Andrew Newton put forward the conspiracy theory of Titanic's Shipwreck in an interview with British television. According to them, the 1503 passengers and crew killed in the sinking of the Titanic did not die in an accident, but were victims of a ship insurance fraud. Gardino and Newton said that after years of research, they found a lot of evidence that it was not the Titanic that sank in the Atlantic Ocean that year, but another sister ship of White Star Shipping Company, the Olympic Cruise. The mastermind behind this scam is the White Star Shipping Company to which Titanic belongs.

The cause of the incident occurred six months before the maiden voyage of Titanic. 19 1 1 September11day, when leaving Southampton for a sea trial, the "Olympic Cruise" collided with a much smaller British Royal Navy cruiser "Hawke" at sea, and the side of the "Olympic Cruise" was seriously damaged and forced to return. At that time, White Star Shipping Company, which was already in serious economic difficulties, applied to the insurance company for compensation. Unfortunately, after investigation, the insurance company decided that the responsible party of the collision accident was the "Olympic", so it refused to pay. Repairing the "Olympic" is extremely expensive and will take several months.

The accident made White Star Shipping Company face bankruptcy crisis. How can we revive the company? Gardino and Newton believe that JP Morgan, president of White Star Shipping Company, planned this conspiracy-the two ships "Olympic" and "Titanic" are so similar in appearance that they can make their transatlantic maiden voyage disguised as "Titanic" and arrange accidents to get huge insurance premiums.

However, if the Olympic cruise ship disguised as Titanic hits an iceberg and sinks into the Atlantic Ocean, how can the lives of more than 2,000 passengers on board be guaranteed? Gardino and Newton said that the White Star Steamship Company had arranged for a ship "California" to dock in the iceberg-infested area of the Atlantic Ocean, waiting for the appearance of the Titanic. As soon as the collision happens, the California will appear in time to transfer all the passengers and crew on the Titanic.

Originally, everything will be carried out according to the plan of White Star Shipping Company. However, at the time of the accident, the "California" did not arrive at the crash site in time for rescue because of the wrong position and distress signal of the "Titanic". Results 1503 innocent passengers and crew members paid a painful price for being buried at the bottom of the sea.

In the research materials of Gardino and Newton, there are many arguments to prove the fraud conspiracy behind Titanic. One of them is that JP Mo, the president of White Star Shipping Company, should have made the maiden voyage of Titanic, but two days before the voyage, he suddenly canceled the trip on the pretext of illness. [3] Six abnormal events prove fraud.

Comparing the Titanic with the Olympic, there is nothing engraved with the Olympic symbol that was salvaged from the Titanic! Gardino and Newton listed six "abnormal events" to prove that Titanic was replaced.

First, the sudden change of course during Titanic's ill-fated journey may be the signal that Titanic hopes to meet the "California";

Second, when the Titanic was hit by an iceberg, the first mate Murdoch was seen running towards Gao Qiao. Murdoch may be looking for the trace of the rescue boat, standing on the highland;

Third, the accident investigation report was leaked later, and there were no binoculars in the crew cabin, which meant that it would be difficult for the lookout to find the iceberg in time;

Fourth, the most suspicious thing is the behavior of JP Morgan, president of White Star Shipping Company. He was supposed to make his maiden voyage on the Titanic, but two days before sailing, he suddenly canceled his trip on the pretext of illness. However, two days after the sinking of the Titanic, he was found trysting with a French mistress. In addition, another 55 passengers suddenly canceled boarding at the last minute;

Fifth, because the "Olympic" was temporarily converted into the "Titanic", many processes were bound to cut corners. So when the Titanic sank, some lifeboats on board were found to be leaking like sieves.

Sixth, the most incredible thing is that among the more than 3,600 items salvaged from the wreckage of the Titanic, none of them are engraved with the mark of the Titanic! [4]

The Titanic Society says conspiracy theories are untrue.

Anyone who wants to design and sink such a super ship with a length of 882 feet 6 inches, a width of 92 feet 6 inches and a tonnage of 45,324 tons is obviously super crazy and absolutely incredible. So many British people scoff at the conspiracy theory of Titanic, including experts from the British Titanic Association.

Steve rigby, spokesman of the British Titanic Association, said in an interview: "I have no doubt that the ship lying on the bottom of the North Atlantic is the Titanic."

So, did White Star Shipping Company get huge insurance compensation from the sinking of Titanic? Facts have proved that the White Star Shipping Company did get huge insurance compensation, but it had to pay a large part to compensate the families of the victims. In any case, White Star Shipping Company made money from this shipwreck. The Mystery of Titanic's Shipwreck —— Other versions of the tragedy caused by cutting corners? As we all know, the wreckage of Titanic was found in 1985. At the beginning of 1996, several French divers found six cracks of similar size on the sinking ship Titanic, which was 4000m underwater in the North Atlantic and buried in the mud of18m depth. Each crack is located at the joint of the engine room and should be fixed with rivets. Their discovery focused scientists' attention on the rivet, which was originally unremarkable.

Not long ago, several scientists from the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of the United States used a microscope and an image analyzer to study the wreckage, but found that the steel used to make rivets was extremely impure, and the slag content was twice that of standard steel. According to metallurgical theory, this excessive impurity makes the rivet easy to break when it is violently hit.

If the Titanic uses steel rivets, then the ship can hold out until rescuers arrive. In this regard, the British Harland Wolff Shipyard, which made the Titanic, firmly denied that the builders of the Titanic had absolutely no mistakes or misconduct in materials. To tell the truth, today, people have been unable to investigate who cut corners on shipbuilding and planted the curse of disaster.

In fact, as early as 199 1, researchers found that the quality of the hull steel plate was problematic when they studied the first batch of metal fragments salvaged from the wreck of the Titanic. At that time, shipbuilding engineers only considered increasing the strength of steel, but did not think of increasing its toughness. When comparing the metal fragments of the wreckage with the current shipbuilding steel, the researchers found that in the water temperature of the sinking site of the Titanic, the current shipbuilding steel can bend into a V-shape when it is hit, and the steel on the wreckage will break quickly because of insufficient toughness.

If it is really because of quality problems that hidden dangers have been laid for Titanic, who should bear the responsibility? Robert Strang, an American columnist, said in his new book that Churchill, then the British Trade Secretary, did not play his due supervisory role during the cruise ship construction, which led to the Titanic not meeting the construction requirements.

Strong studied the data of British and American National Archives 100 years ago for three years, and thought that Churchill, who later became British Prime Minister, was the most responsible person for the Titanic tragedy. He said that although the capacity of the lifeboat on the Titanic was in line with the regulations of Britain at that time when it sank, only one third of the people were able to escape. Strand said: "Churchill was warned by some people more than once that the management regulations on lifeboats could not keep up with the trend of getting bigger, but Churchill did not take any action. His inaction caused many innocent people to die at the bottom of the sea. " He also said that when the Titanic was built and launched, Churchill had been promoted to the position of home secretary, thus escaping the public's responsibility for its sinking. [5]

The captain got drunk and made a mistake? Shortly after the sinking of the Titanic, two government investigation teams concluded that there was nothing wrong with the hull itself, mainly due to the improper command of the captain edward smith. But recently, the British "Sun" said that an unexposed letter showed that Smith might have been drunk when the cruise ship hit an iceberg.

The newspaper revealed that emily rickards, a survivor of the Titanic and a British second-class passenger, wrote a letter to her family on the lifeboat two days after the shipwreck, saying that "Captain Smith has been drinking in the social room and handed over the helmsman to his men. All this is the captain's fault. As far as we know, poor Smith ... has unfortunately drowned. " Her letter confirmed some records in history books: 62-year-old Smith attended a first-class dinner a few hours before the Titanic hit an iceberg, and then returned to his sleeping cabin. He was awakened before midnight, directed the passengers to evacuate and escape, and finally made a heroic decision to sink into the sea with the ship. Phantom makes iceberg "invisible"? 1912 On April 10, the Titanic made its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, and planned to sail for new york, USA. However, in the middle of the night in April of 14, this "world's largest unsinkable ship" unfortunately hit an iceberg floating in the North Atlantic and sank. Of the 2208 passengers on board, only 705 survived. Become one of the biggest shipwrecks in human history.

The British "Daily Mail" recently reported that the British historian Tim Martin said that the fatal collision between the Titanic and the iceberg was caused by the weather conditions at that time, and it was too late for the crew to turn the bow when they found the huge iceberg.

Martin carefully studied the weather map of 100 years ago, and he also read the logbooks of other ships sailing in the North Atlantic when the Titanic sank. He found that at the time and place where Titanic passed, the arctic frozen seawater surrounded by Labrador cold current met with the warm current brought by the Gulf Stream, which led to the abnormal refraction of sea light. This refraction made the iceberg on the horizon completely invisible and became the ultimate killer of Titanic. Martin said that under normal weather conditions, the lookout on board should be able to see the iceberg.

After years of research on the sinking of Titanic, Martin once wrote 10 1 things that you thought you knew about Titanic, but you didn't! "A book. He said that the logbooks of several German and British ships recorded a sharp drop in the temperature of the sea near the shipwreck, which proved that the weather conditions at that time could create an illusion and make the iceberg "disappear".

Martin's "illusion theory" not only saved the lookout from the crime of missing the search, but also explained why the cruise ship "California" not far from the Titanic did not lend a helping hand, because the illusion made the crew of "California" mistakenly think that the ship calling for help was not the Titanic. Stanley Lord, the captain of the California, once said that he did see a ship that night, but judging from the size of the ship, he never believed it was Titanic. People always think that he is making excuses to avoid bankruptcy, but now Martin says, "I know what he said is true."

It's all the fault of the moon. Westerners are always inexplicably afraid of the full moon. Literary works like to put the images of "werewolf" and "vampire" in this full moon world. The police complained that the crime rate would rise during the full moon, and the nurses said that the number of babies born that day would increase, which would keep them busy. But these are just legends, and none of them can stand scrutiny. But now, some scientists at Texas State University believe that the "full moon phenomenon" is one of the many factors that led to the sinking of the Titanic.

Astronomers explained that the distance between the moon and the earth was the shortest three months before the Titanic accident, namely1912 65438+1October 4. The shortest distance between the moon and the earth is within six minutes after the formation of the full moon; In addition, just before 1 day, the distance between the earth and the sun was the closest that year. These three astronomical phenomena happen at the same time, which is a once-in-a-lifetime thing.

Donald Olson, a physicist at Texas State University, pointed out that the huge tidal force caused by this extremely abnormal phenomenon was enough to throw a large number of Arctic icebergs into the ocean, so that they just floated on the shipping route of Titanic in April.

Olson said that edward smith, the captain of the Titanic, certainly didn't expect that there would be so many icebergs in the channel. Because people at that time didn't know much about the influence of the full moon on the tides, and they didn't think that the astronomical phenomenon three months ago would have much to do with themselves. But nature is like this, and it is often dangerous if you are not careful.

Sinked by a "ghost ship"? 1985, marine surveyors finally found the Titanic, which had been sleeping for 73 years, at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. When they were investigating the wreckage, they found a big round hole with a diameter of exactly 90 cm in the front lower part of the starboard side. It is puzzling that the edge of this big round hole is very smooth and regular, as if it were formed by machining with a compasses-shaped tool. After a comprehensive study of underwater photography and measurement of the mysterious circular hole under the starboard side of the Titanic with the international expert group, the Royal Navy ship expert Sezhuang Geer confirmed that the Titanic was killed after being penetrated by a strong laser beam, and the bottom cabin was flooded. It should be that there is an irregular hole mark on the nose of the ball or around the hull, or the hull steel plate is irregularly cracked, but this is not the case.

However, this statement is not true. A 90 cm round hole can't pose any threat to Titanic at all. As we all know, titanium has 16 watertight compartments, and any two of them will not sink into the water. It is impossible to sink a boat with a 90 cm hole filled with an umbrella.

A top secret document obtained by a reporter from the San Francisco Documentary newspaper in the United States said: "According to the surviving crew of the Titanic, when the shipwreck occurred, they stood on the deck of the Titanic and observed some strange' ghost fires' moving in the sea. These confusing' ghost fires' seem to have escaped from a' ghost ship' of unknown origin. "

The ship commanded by Lord, the captain of the California, was in the nearby waters. He was accused by historians as "from destruction". He insisted until his death that he could clearly see the "ghost fire" of another ship of unknown origin from the ship at that time. This mysterious ghost ship is located in the waters between Titanic and California.

According to the investigation plan of the sinking of Titanic, scientists found eight magical luminous bodies of unknown origin in six underwater photos of the hull. At first, researchers thought it might be some kind of deep-sea fish. However, when the researchers analyzed these underwater photos in more detail with the help of computers, they found that there were indeed some artificial luminous bodies of unknown origin cruising around the Titanic. Oceanographers have confirmed that nothing like these magical luminous bodies can be found in the ocean. They are similar to those UFOs flying in the air, but they are different. They are not typical flying saucers, but energy condensates similar to those seen by many witnesses around the world.

Scientists have come to a shocking conclusion: Titanic was accidentally hit by a laser beam from an unknown diving object and sank into the water. When the Titanic sank, the "ghost ship" flew away from here or dived into the depths of the sea. Dr. Crane, a famous American UFO expert, confirmed that there is no doubt that these unidentified diving flying objects in the sea seem to come from outside the earth, and such monsters have never appeared on our earth.

Cursed by the mummy? It is said that after the mystery of jack-o'-lantern, the mystery of mummy is more appropriate. On the Titanic, there was a very old mummy, which was mysterious when it was not put on the ship. As long as the human related to this mummy is not seriously ill or dead, scientists can't explain the problem clearly. Soon, a mysterious person bought it at a high price and prepared to ship it away on the Titanic.