Who invented the dialysis machine?

The inventor of the dialysis machine prototype is the father of the great artificial organ-William? William kolff.

The father of artificial organs-William? Kolff died at the age of 97.

William? Dr kolff died on Wednesday at his home in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, at the age of 97. Dr kolff is a Dutch doctor. He invented the first artificial kidney in a hospital in his hometown during World War II. Since then, he has continued to engage in related research to prove that biomedical engineers can save patients' lives by making all artificial organs, including the first artificial heart.

The University of Utah in Salt Lake City announced the death of Dr. kolff. Dr kolff is a famous retired professor of bioengineering, surgery and internal medicine in this university. His son Cyrus claimed that his father died of natural causes.

Dr kolff, widely regarded as the father of artificial organs, immigrated to the United States in 1950. His artificial kidney was later improved into the current dialysis machine, which saved the lives of millions of patients who needed hemodialysis because of renal failure.

The membrane oxygenator he invented provided a way to add oxygen to the blood, and it is still used in the heart-lung machine used in open heart surgery. The artificial heart he invented, though named after his colleague Dr. Robert Jarvik, was first implanted in Dr. barney clark, a 6 1 year-old retired dentist, in February, 1982.

According to Dr. kolff's biography "Lifelong Inventor" (B&; V Media Press, 2007) records that Dr. kolff's principle is to name any artificial heart model after his colleagues who worked with him at that time. When they actually implanted the artificial heart into the human body, they chose Jarvik-7 artificial heart designed by Dr. Jarvik, because it has multiple membranes, which is the key to ensure the success of the equipment. However, people still owe the honor of artificial heart to Dr. kolff.

From 65438 to 0938, kolff, a fledgling physician in university of groningen, the Netherlands, witnessed a young man's long and painful death due to temporary renal failure. He concluded that once a way is found to get rid of the toxic waste accumulated in patients' blood, they can survive until their renal function is restored.

In his first experiment, Dr. kolff injected blood into sausage casings to remove air, and added urea, a waste product excreted by kidneys, and then put it in a salt water bath to shake it. The casing is semi-permeable, small molecules of urea can penetrate the casing membrane, but blood macromolecules can't.

Within 5 minutes, all urea was dialyzed into saline. The idea of making an artificial kidney came into being, but it was not long before the work went underground.

1940 In May, Germany invaded the Netherlands. Dr. kolff did not choose to stay in Groningen, and went along with the supporters of * * * *. He went to a small hospital in Zuider Zee (Zui der Zee (now Lake Aisai), waiting for the end of the war. There, he established the first blood bank in Europe and hid more than 800 people in hospitals to protect them from the pain of concentration camps. At the same time, he continued to develop artificial kidneys.

The equipment at that time was a machine model of Ruby Goldberg. The equipment uses a 50-yard casing wrapped in a wooden barrel and soaked in salt water. The patient's blood is drawn from the wrist artery and added to the cannula, and then the drum is rotated to remove blood waste. In order to safely transfuse blood to patients, Dr. kolff copied the design of the water pump device of Ford Motor Company. Later, he perfected his equipment with orange juice cans and washing machines.

All the 15 patients who initially used the device died. Dr kolff improved the equipment, including optimizing the application of blood thinner to prevent blood coagulation. 1945, a 67-year-old woman who was unconscious due to renal failure in prison after liberation applied the device, which took much longer than the previous users and was finally saved. The first thing she said when she woke up was, "I want to divorce my husband." . She really divorced (she is a supporter of * * * and her husband is an opponent) and lived for more than seven years.

From 65438 to 0947, Dr. Kauff presented an artificial kidney device to Mount Sinai Hospital in new york and lobbied American doctors interested in artificial organs. Finally, this equipment has been further improved, and it can be routinely used in patients with irreversible renal failure. At present, thousands of people receive dialysis three times a week, usually as overtreatment for kidney transplantation.

From 65438 to 0950, Dr. kolff joined the Kovran Clinical Foundation. First of all, he wants to improve his English, take the medical exam again and become an American citizen. It took him six years to complete the above process. Shortly thereafter, he developed a membrane oxygenator for bypass surgery, and implanted the first artificial heart into a dog in 1957 and survived for 90 minutes.

He joined the University of Utah on 1967 and headed an artificial organ institution. This institution consists of 175 doctors, surgeons, engineers, chemists and other experts, and has successively completed the experiments of mechanical hearts on animals.

198 1 year, Dr. kolff obtained permission from the University of Utah and the federal government to carry out artificial heart transplantation. Dr. Clark received the first artificial heart transplant on198265438+February 2, and survived for 1 12 days, and finally died of multiple organ failure.

William John Kauff was born in Leiden, the Netherlands on February 19 1 1. 1938 received his doctorate in medicine from Leiden university, and 1946 received his doctorate in philosophy from university of groningen.

Dr kolff is the founder of the American Association of Artificial Internal Organs. Received honorary doctorates from more than 65,438+02 universities around the world, and won more than 65,438+020 international awards, including Albert? Lasker Prize (clinical medical research). His works are equal.

Dr kolff married Jake C Hoodkopper on 1937, and they divorced in 2000 after 63 years of marriage. In addition to his son Cyrus, Dr. kolff has three sons (Jacob, Albert and Keith), 65,438+0 daughters (Adele Burnett), 65,438+02 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. His ex-wife died in 2006.

Dr kolff worked on artificial organs from 65438 to 0997, including eyes, ears and limbs, until he retired at the age of 86. The artificial heart he developed was later designed and implanted in the body as an overtreatment for patients with heart failure, and it is still in use today.

Dr. kolff has always insisted that "if a person can grow a heart, he can also make a heart." .

The invention of artificial dialysis machine has saved the lives of countless patients with renal failure in the world and saved the pain of many patients with advanced diabetes. It was invented by a brilliant Dutch doctor, William kolff, and William kolff, a great doctor inventor, died on Wednesday at the age of 97.

William kolff's idea of inventing an artificial dialysis machine came into being after witnessing a 22-year-old man die of renal failure. He devoted himself to studying and using the cooling device of an old Ford car, and developed the first simple hemodialysis instrument by using the metal fragments of a German plane shot down during World War II.

His first experiment was actually very simple. He injected blood into the sausage casing, emptied the bubbles, then added the kidney waste-"urea" and put it in a saline bath to stir. Because the casing is semi-permeable, waste such as urea is discharged, and macromolecular blood protein is retained. In just five minutes, urea dialysis was completed, and the osmotic machine principle and prototype were born.

In the early 1940s, Dr. kolff began to do experiments on patients. The patient's blood enters the semipermeable cannula from the wrist artery, and the blood circulates outside the body through a rotating drum to eliminate impurities. Then let the permeated "clean" and safe blood be returned to the patient. But the initial effect was not ideal, and 15 patients died one after another. He was not discouraged by this. According to the principle of automobile water pump and referring to washing machine and other equipment, he repeatedly improved the dialysis machine and added antithrombotic agents to prevent thrombosis. The trouble and the hemodialysis machine finally succeeded.

After the successful invention of dialysis machine, kolff continued to improve this medical equipment, making it the most popular equipment in clinic, and also the most popular equipment for doctors and patients. Kolff was not satisfied with this after his success. He continued his favorite invention research work and made great contributions to the establishment of heart-lung machine and artificial heart.

Kolff is not only a great inventor, but also a very modest and kind scholar. He always mentions or names different versions of mechanical heart according to different people's contributions and names. "We have Donovan's heart, Green's heart, Guanjiete's heart, Javier's heart and so on. In fact, these improved artificial hearts are inseparable from kolff's pioneering work, so Professor Don E. Olsen, who inherited his laboratory research, thinks that all these artificial hearts should be called "kolff Heart". "

Apart from the role of inventor, kolff always embodies his true nature as a doctor. The first patient treated by his dialysis machine was a female patient who was hated. At that time, someone begged kolff, "Let this evil patient die." "But kolff replied that no doctor has the right to decide whether his patients are good or bad. As a doctor, he must treat every patient seriously when he needs it. "