Application of Genome Sequencing in Plant Field

The application of genome sequencing in plant field includes genome sequencing, transgenic technology, molecular marker-assisted breeding, single cell sequencing technology and so on.

I. Genome sequencing

Genome sequencing is a method to obtain complete genome sequence characterization by sequencing technology. By obtaining the plant genome sequence, we can better understand the structure and function of the plant genome. Genome sequencing can reveal genetic differences among plants, analyze plant genes, explain functions and infer evolution, which is of great help to plant gene improvement.

For example, through genome sequencing, the domestic research team successfully screened out the world's largest germplasm resource bank of winter jujube and realized the genome sequencing of winter jujube. This classic agricultural genomics research enables researchers to dig deep into the genome information of Dongzao jujube and provides a technical basis for fruit development.

Second, transgenic technology.

Transgenic technology refers to the technical means of introducing foreign genes into plants and changing their genetic characteristics. Using gene sequencing technology, we can find some special genes in plants and then transfer them to other plants to improve breeding methods.

For example, adding the gene of Su Yun membrane to rice can improve the adaptability of rice to drought, salinity, low temperature and other adversity, enhance the stress resistance of rice, and at the same time, it is more heat-resistant and has higher yield.

Thirdly, molecular marker-assisted breeding

Molecular marker technology refers to searching for genes with special genotypes at DNA level. By analyzing the genetic variation of different parts of plant DNA, specific gene loci related to a certain phenotype (such as disease resistance, disease tolerance and high yield) can be determined, so as to quickly obtain the required new varieties.

For example, it is found that some genes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in crops are related to salt tolerance, but in crops without these genes, their salt tolerance is poor. Using molecular marker technology, some plant materials that may contain related genes in plant varieties can be quickly screened out, and subsequent selection and breeding can be carried out.

Fourthly, single cell sequencing technology.

Single cell sequencing technology can be used to detect the genome sequence of a single cell, avoiding the confounding effect in traditional genomics research. In plant breeding, single cell sequencing technology can help scientists find plastids with great differences in gene expression, and further research can help them understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of these genes.

In a word, the application of gene sequencing technology in plant breeding has become an important research direction, so it can more accurately predict and cultivate valuable disease-resistant varieties and improve yield. However, we should constantly update and improve the gene sequencing technology in the process of continuous application, so as to better serve the needs and interests of modern agriculture and human beings.